The document discusses multiplying matrices by numbers and scalar multiplication of matrices. It states that to multiply a matrix by a number, each element of the matrix is multiplied by that number. Scalar multiplication involves multiplying a matrix by a real number called a scalar, where each element of the resulting matrix is that scalar multiplied by the corresponding original element. The document also provides examples of adding, subtracting and scalar multiplying matrices.

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2. 4.4A Multiplying a matrix by a number To multiply a matrix by a number, multiply every element by the number. For example: