ENBE FINAL REPORT

Content:
1. Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------pg 3
2. The City -------------------------------------------------------------------pg4-8
3. Investigation & Data Collection: The Ancient cities -----------pg9-11
4. Investigation & Data Collection: The present city/cities ------pg12-16
5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future city/cities --------pg17-20
6. The City of Subang ----------------------------------------------------pg21-22
7. The City of Mirace ----------------------------------------------------pg23-28
8. The Process and Progress -------------------------------------------pg29-33
9. The Conclusion ---------------------------------------------------------- pg34
10. References list -------------------------------------------------------------pg35
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1. Introduction
This is the final project of the module Elements of Natural and Built Environment [FNBE
0115]. The title of the project is “The Future City Representation”. This project is divided
into two parts where the first part is an individual component which requires students to
produce a video presentation/slide presentation and an A4 booklet report and the second part
is a group component.
Students are required to plan and design a futuristic city which is sustainable in future.
Before designing, students are required to research on ancient, present and future cities to
help on understanding what is a city. Besides, while planning the future city students shall
consider and include the following aspects such as the geometric shape, main focus, zoning
of the city and many more.
This project allows students to understand the component and elements of a city and how to
create a better future city.
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2.The City
(Describe the definition, your findings and information on what is a city, what
makes a good city etc)
2.1 What is a city?
2.2 What is the brief history
2.3 What makes a good city
2.4 What is the future city
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2.1 What is a city?
Definition from Oxford Dictionary:
1 – A large town.
2 – The financial and commercial district of London, England.
There are actually no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general
English Language meanings, but generally cities contains something that a town doesn’t.
A city has complex systems for sanitation, transportation, water supply, sewage handling,
energy supply and much more. Compared to a town, a city is more organised. It was built
accordingly to various urban planning, zoning and to make perfect use for every land in it.
Besides, a city is far more crowded than a town.
A city exists for many reasons. It acts as centres of storage, trade, and manufacture. Hence,
city is often formed around marketplace and area where full with natural resources. More
than that, city also serves as centre of government where the government takes place to
control the city.
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2.2 Brief History of City
During the early ages, cities were mostly formed at crossroads and transfer point where it
provides ease to the people around to gather and carry out trading to obtain tools such as
medicine, clothing, weapons and others that they can only obtain by trade. Hence, cities are
also formed at harbours as trading at that time are only through land and water way. Then,
some cities also formed by riversides and places where we can get natural resources such as
oil, iron, coal for refine process. Besides, some cities also formed as centre of manufacture of
steel and other materials. In addition, in some places where the climate is suitable, cities were
built there for relaxations.
During ancient ages, cities also act as a protection to the resident inside. During war or
attacks, the populace could flee behind city wall where the defend forces are assembled to
repel the enemy in front. That’s why during ancient ages there were large and huge city walls
built.
One great example was the Great Wall of China, built to defend the attack from some
nomadic groups.
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2.3 What makes a good city
A good city is not based on its appearance only; it is based on many different aspects such as
having a secure water supply and sanitation system, a solid economy, a transportation
network on every level, a strong tax base, educational services provided, safe, affordable
housing price, great public spaces and much more.
Clean water supply and great waste and sewage handling system should be provided in a
city as a basic service and it is a main factor that makes a clean city. A city must basically
have a certain level of cleanness to prevent disease to spread and enhance the beauty of city.
Besides, a good city should have great public spaces such as garden, park, plaza, malls,
playgrounds and so on for people to congregate and promote neighborhood and a friendly
society.
A good city should have a solid economy and a strong tax base so that people in the city
will be secured of finance while living in the city. In other way, a city’s housing price should
be affordable for different size of families or individuals. A variety of resident should be
provided such as apartments, houses, condominiums, or bungalows. In addition, a city should
equipped with affordable medical, social service, sanitation and fire protection service so that
it won’t be a burden for people living in the city. Lastly, educational services such as primary
schools, colleges, universities should be assessable in a city to provide ease for the people to
get educated, producing quality residence.
One must not been forgotten is that a city must be safe, whenever in trading, on the street,
living, and protected from diseases. To achieve this, higher protection of law in different
aspect can be provided, more open spaces; lesser small corridors, enforced law in road using
and rubbish treatment can be enforced.
As the world now is getting more and more concern of the environmental pollution issues, a
city should take responsibility to reduce the produce of carbon dioxide and other pollutants.
From this aspect a city should have reduced amount of private vehicles and reduced use of
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vehicle used longer than 5years as they provide more carbon dioxides. To reduce the amount
of private vehicles, a great transportation network should be provided to every area of city so
that people would not bother to use their own vehicles. Different type of transportation
network can also be provided such as train, taxi, bus, ferry and others. Other than that, the
city can have mixed use neighborhoods, density and walkable streets where some hospitality,
retail, office, resident building are built in adjacent.
As conclusion, a good city is depended on various aspects and it requires corporation
between government and people in the city and it may not built in one day.
2.4 What is the future city
There are currently many future city concepts and some future city projects were even started
construction. Based on research, a future city should be a city which has a smart economy
which provides innovation and competitiveness. Besides, in futuristic city concepts, complete
and great transportation and infrastructure will be provided where producing a city which has
a smart mobility. Everywhere in the city should be accessible in by public transportations.
More than that, a future city will have smart residents where they were high educated,
equipped with different abilities such as social skills, creativity and technical skills. The
people in the city will also has a good moral value and environmental friendly educated since
young.
A future city will also have a smart and beautiful environment which is sustainable and has
resources. The city shall have parks and many green environments to provide comfort to
people whether in sight or mind. In addition, a future city provides a quality life and culture
for residents too.
In other aspects, a future city should be a city equipped with high technology and uses
renewable energy which cause no harm to the environment. In other way, the future city is
also a city that protects and enhance the environment.
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3.Investigation & Data Collection:
Ancient Cities
3.1 Introduction to Derinkuyu Underground City, Turkey
3.2 Brief history of Derinkuyu
3.3 Structure of Derinkuyu
3.4 Conclusion of Derinkuyu
3.5 What information or element that you can use to your new future city
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3. Derinkuyu Underground City, Turkey
3.1 Introduction
Derinkuyu Underground city is an ancient multi-level underground city of the Median
Empire in the Derinkuyu district in Nevsehir Province, Turkey. The City has a depth of
approximately 60m and it was large enough for approximately 20,000 people to live in with
their livestock and food stores. It is the largest excavated underground city in Turkey.
It was now opened for visit since 1969 and about half of the city is accessible to tourists.
3.2 Brief history of Derinkuyu
The gorgeous underground city was believed first built in the soft volcanic rock of the
Cappadocia region which possibly by the Phrygians in the 8th
-7th
centuries B.C according to
the Turkish Department of Culture. The city might have enlarged in the Byzantine era.
During the Persian Achaemenid empire, the city was used as a refugee settlements from the
reference of the second chapter of the Zoroastrain book Vendidad. Hence, the city is believed
by many scholars that it may have been built by the Persians.
3.3 The structure of Derinkuyu
It was unknown exactly why and how the city was constructed. Inside the city were tunnels
and chambers as picture below:
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.
Between every tunnel and chambers were divided by the stone doors which is approximately
1meter to 1meter and a half in height and between 200-500kg. The complex has a total of 13
stories which go deep into the ground, with ventilation shafts that brings air to even the
deepest levels. The shaft also provided water to both the villagers above and to those in the
underground city.
The city has all the usual amenities found in other underground complex across Cappadocia
such as wine and oil presses, stables, cellars, storage rooms, refectories and chapels. Between
the third and fourth level is a vertical staircase which lead to a cruciform church on the lowest
level.
Unique to the Derinkuyu complex, and located on the second floor, there is a spacious room
with barrel vaulted ceiling which has been reported that this room was used as a religious
school and the rooms to the left were for studies.
3.4 Conclusion of Derinkuyu
Derinkuyu Underground City is a very interesting and mysterious city to be discovered. Its
complex structure, how it was built, and why it was built are an impossible for the people
during that time. Some believed that the city was built as a hiding place from “aliens” or for
the first Christians who were escaping from the persecution of Roman empire.
3.5 Elements that I got from the city
Upon investigation on Derinkuyu, I found that the ventilation shaft could be used in my
future underground city to provide fresh air into it.
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4. Investigation & Data Collection:
Present Cities
4.1 History of City of Melbourne, Australia
4.2 Melbourne’s Sustainable Journey
4.3 Issues in Melbourne
4.4 Significant of Melbourne
4.5 Conclusion of Melbourne City
4.7 Etc
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4.1 History of City of Melbourne, Australia
Melbourne is the youngest of all of the 'world cities'. Melbourne grew from a tiny
speculative pastoral outpost in the 1850s into a world city within a mere 30 years, reaching
around 1 million people by the turn of the century. Much of this phenomenal growth was due
to the gold rush - one of the biggest in the world's history, which saw a huge influx of
migrants bring instant wealth and prosperity to the city. In the 1880's Melbourne was given
the title 'Marvellous Melbourne', and boasted a city that rivalled the great cities of Europe and
North America. The city hosted the 1880 World's Fair, in the Royal Exhibition Building,
which hosted the first parliament and still stands in the magnificent Carlton Gardens. The city
was, until Canberra was built in the late 1920s, from 1901 the federal capital of Australia.
Although Sydney eventually grew larger, Melbourne still remains the financial, sporting and
cultural capital of the nation.
4.2 Melbourne’s sustainable journey
More than fifteen years, the City of Melbourne has been working to become one of the world
top most sustainable cities.
With clear mind understanding that a successful future depends on understanding the risks
that climate change poses, reducing their impact and becoming more resilient.
As part of this, their goal is for Melbourne to be carbon neutral by year 2020.
To achieve a sustainable Melbourne, the government came with different program and
actions such as:
Council Actions
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• Built Council House 2 (CH2), Australia’s first 6 Star Green Star new office design.
Led the way in environmentally sustainable design, creating a model for similar
buildings.
• Upgrading several of our council buildings, installing efficient heating, cooling and
water systems. The amount of energy needed to light the town hall will be halved.
• Delivering new waste solutions, producing organic matter for use in parks and
gardens.
• Supporting the city’s vibrant hospitality precincts to install similar technology.
Picture of CH2
Tree Plan
• Urban Forest Strategy , a tree plan for the future,
adapting to a changing climate.
• Open Space Strategy.
New Technologies
• Trialing cool roofs, green roofs, walls and facades.
Green transport
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Fitzroy Garden

• Has an extensive network of dedicated bike lanes and Swaston Street, the city’s main
street is closed to car traffic.
• Encourage walking and the use of public transport for work and city visits.
Water management
• Building water tanks and stormwater harvesting systems.
• Encouraging recycled water technologies in the city’s major buildings.
Sustainable communities and precincts
• Training residents in the Carlton housing redevelopment and broader community to
reduce water, energy and waste.
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Stormwater Harvesting System in
Darling Street, Melbourne.
Green Roof Cool Roof

4.3 Issues in Melbourne
As the growth of Melbourne city continues, the city encounters few issues such as the
ageing population in Melbourne. Besides, particles and ozone are the two major pollutant that
exceed the air quality objective in Melbourne, which is the air pollution problem in
Melbourne. Many animal and plant species in Melbourne is also threatened in the
development of Melbourne.
More than that, 70percent of resident in Melbourne lives in high-rise apartments and
responsible for 22% of total water use of the city, sending 14thousands tonnes of waste to
landfill per year and generating 7% of greenhouse gas emissions.
The energy cost in Melbourne is also expected to increase due to factors such as political
and social event restricting supply, natural disaster and peak oil demand.
As more and more development happens, travelling around the city is more convenience by
car as the city is getting bigger.
Lastly, global warming is one of the issue that effected Melbourne. There are expected
direct results of global warming such as more days with temperature higher than 35 degree
celcius, increased temperature extremes and more violet storm and flash floods.
4.4 Significance of City of Melbourne
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Melbourne tower is located directly on the middle of the picture.
The Melbourne tower is a very significant skyscrapper building in Melbourne as its specially designed
outlook, external lighting and so on. It is a residential and commercial building where u can see the
whole Melbourne on the top floor.
The planning of land of Melbourne city and the city is filled with artistic buildings. The
landmark Yarra River in Melbourne also made Melbourne a significant city.
4.5 Conclusion of City of Melbourne
The City of Melbourne is a great city which promotes green factors and environments. It has
voted to be the most livable city in year 2012.
4.6 Information and elements I got from City of Melbourne
The green roof which is a great building for a green city. Besides, the planning of City of
Melbourne is also a great information for my new city.
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5.Investigation & Data Collection:
Future Cities
5.1 Introduction to Tianjin Eco-City
5.2 Master Plan of Tianjin Eco-City
5.3 What makes Tianjin Eco-city a significant city
5.4 Conclusion
Etc
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5.1 Introduction to TianJin Eco City
TianJin Eco-City is a undergoing project which the site is located 40Km from Tianjin city
centre and 150Km from Beijing city centre. The site was eventually selected after a thorough
study by both sides, taking into account considerations such as the state of development of
the surrounding infrastructure, ease of accessibility and commercial viability.
The Tianjin Eco-City’s vision is to be “ A thriving city which is socially harmonious,
environmentally-friendly, resource-efficient – a model for sustainable development. The
vision is underpinned by the concepts of “Three Harmonies” and “Three Abilities”.
The “Three Harmonies” refer to social harmony, where people living in harmony with other
people; economic vibrancy where people living in harmony with economic activities;
environmental sustainability where people living in harmony with the environment.
The “Three Abilities” refer to the ability of Eco-city being practicable which means that the
technologies adopted in the Eco-city must be affordable and commercially viable. Besides,
the eco-city should be replicable where the principles and the models of the Eco-city could be
applied to other cities in China and even in other countries. Lastly, the city could be scalable
where the principles and models could be adapted for another project or development of a
different scale.
5.2 Master Plan of Tianjin Eco-city
The Tianjin Eco-city’s Master Plan spells out the approved uses of its land. This plan
attempts to strike a balance between competing needs, including the social, economic and
environmental needs of the Eco-city.
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There are 3 planning principles in Tianjin Eco-city which is the Land-use Planning,
Transport Planning and Green and Blue Network Planning.
Based on the principles, the Eco-city has a good mix of land use and every district are
planned with amenities and jobs located close by. The city is planned to give ease for the
residents in different ways such as the business parks are located close to the residential area
to provide easy access to resident’s home.
Besides, the Eco-city focuses on green transport while planning the city to minimize the use
of private vehicles in the city. The aim is to increase amount of residents travelling around by
using public transport and non-motorised modes of transport such as bicycle and walking. To
achieve this, the city has a separated network of path for motorized and non-motorized
transportation to reduce the conflict between them which is the pedestrians, cyclists and
vehicles as the same time enhancing the safety of one who uses non-motorized
transportations.
The city is also planned with extensive green and blue network to provide a beautiful and
comforting living and working environment for residents.
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The components that the Eco-city made up of which is the Eco-cell. Each of the cells were
about 400m x 400m large which is generally accepted as a comfortable walking distance. The
eco community is made up by combining for Eco-cells and it goes onto Eco district which is
made up of few Eco-community.
5.3 What makes Tianjin Eco-city a significant city?
The structure, planning and design of Tianjin Eco-city made it a significant prototype for
future cities. The well and specially designed building, well planned land uses and great
amount of quality public spaces will be a good example for an eco-city.
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The city in green with great amount of public spaces.
5.4 Conclusion of Tianjin Eco-City
Tianjin Eco-City is a well-planned eco-city while providing a harmony space between human
and environment. With the wide use of solar energy in the city, the harm to the earth is
minimized. The city will truly become a model for future developed cities.
5.5 Information and element I get from Tianjin Eco-city
In investigation in this futuristic eco city, the planning for land uses of the city is suitable for
my future “X” city as it provides a comfortable and quality place for people to live.
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6. The City of Subang
6.1 The introduction to City of Subang, Malaysia
6.2 The people in City of Subang
6.3 Cultural, needs, type of jobs in the city
6.4 What would be a good future city for the population in City of Subang
6.5 Conclusion of City of Subang
6.1 The introduction to City of Subang, Malaysia
The City of Subang is a city located in Malaysia which has a population of approximately
500,000 people and the size of City of Subang is around 100km2
.
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The city was built since 1990 and the massive development has never ended until it reaches
its limit. Due to the massive development, the city had become not suitable for human live
anymore when year 2033 reaches. The air pollution level in the city is higher than normal
level, the massive traffics and industrial area in the city and also the untreated and processed
landfills caused the city into a giant monster. Due to the bad environment in the city, most of
the residents with the ability to move out had already left the city and in year 2033 the
population in the city had left only approximately of 150,000 people living in suffer.
6.2 The people in City of Subang
There are 3 major races in City of Subang, which are the Malay, Chinese and Indian. Each
races had their own religion, tradition and cultures. The Malay believes in Islam, the Chinese
believes in Buddhism or Christianity and the Indians believe in Hinduism. Even though they
have a different race, but peoples in the city are living in a harmony and accept each other’s
culture. The tradition and cultures of these 3 major races had made City of Subang a city with
mixed culture and with different types of building designs filled with their own ethical styles.
6.3 Cultural, needs and type of job in the city
Due to the different races in the city, City of Subang have many different kind of festivals in
different time, celebrated by different races but open for everyone. Various type of food with
different cooking style and taste can be found in the city. Besides, peoples in City of Subang
involves in different working field such as tourism, government, business, commercial, food,
agriculture, industrial and others.
6.4 What will be a good future city for population in City of Subang
As the unchangeable fate for the end of city of Subang, a good future city has to be built for
the population in there. According to the situation of the city, a future city of Subang should
be well-planned, has a complete system of sanitary, water supply, electrical supply and so on.
The city must also have clean air and more green aspects in the city. Last but not least, the
city must have a good transportation link and other projects to reduce the amount of private
vehicles in the city.
6.5 Conclusion about City of Subang
The City of Subang should has restrictions while building the city and control the
development of the city.
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7.The City of Mirace
7.1 The City of Mirace
7.2 Why is it underground?
7.3 Characteristic of City of Mirace
7.4 Conclusion of City of Mirace
7.5 Etc
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7.1 The City of Mirace
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The City of Mirace is a new proposed city by the mayor of City of Subang Mr. Cheah Teck
Wei to provide a new place to live for the residents in City of Subang. The City of Mirace is a
futuristic underground eco-city which is planned based on the green facts.
7.2 Why is it underground?
The City of Mirace is an underground city as the outside air had already being polluted and
not suitable for human live. Besides, due to the global warming, the temperature outside is
too high for human to live. With the natural protection and resistance of heat of the ground,
the city is built in underground.
7.3 The characteristic of City of Mirace
The entrance to the City of Mirace is inside a huge tree. There will be bullet trains connecting
other places entering the tree. Inside the tree is a platform where the peoples aboard from the
train and get to the specially made elevator that go deep into the ground, which is the place
where the City of Mirace located. The underground structure of the city is sustained by 13
huge pillars which connecting the bullet train stations in the City of Mirace. With these pillars
the city is protected by earthquakes and earth movements.
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The City of Mirace is a well-planned eco-city where every place had its own use.
The zoning of the City of Mirace
The city is designed with 80% of the buildings are not taller than 6 stories, wide and green
pedestrian passage and with a great amount of quality public spaces such as parks, gardens,
plazas and so on to make people inside doesn’t feel stressed and living in a very packed place
at the same time providing a comfortable place to living and work.
The Center of the city is planned with good mix of land uses where everything is accessible
just by a few minutes’ walk. This is to provide ease and convenience for the people.
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There are also special residential which is unique in the city which is the earth house :
The earth house is built to the wall of ground.
Besides, the city has good systems of sanitary, electrical, water supply, sewage treatment and
also rubbish collecting.
The underground rubbish collecting system
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The sewage treatment system
The water supply system
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The main energy source of the city is solar energy, where there will be solar panels on top of
the tree to obtain sunlight to produce energy.
The electrical supply system
The only transportation link in the city is the bullet train system where it connects to
everywhere of the city. As the city promotes walkability, there’s no other vehicle on ground.
To achieve this, the city provides a safe and comforting passage for people to walk.
The bullet train link
The city also remained the old cultures in City of Subang. Monuments and religious building
can be found in the City of Mirace too.
The main income of the city is from the agriculture and tourism. The city will has agricultural
area with green house and marine breeding ponds to produce organic food for people in the
city and also for exportation.
In addition, the police, fire fighter and ambulance in City of Mirace are equipped with
futuristic aircrafts to maximize the mobility and efficiency.
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7.4 Conclusion of the City of Mirace
With the future technologies and planning of the city, City of Mirace is believed to be a best
place for human live.
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8.The Process & Progress
Jonathan Barnett : City Design
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Sketches
First zoning of the city
The entrance of City of Mirace
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The inner view of the city
Overview of the city
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How to get into the city
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Perspective view of the city
Bullet trainn station
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9.Conclusion
In this project I learnt a lot about building a city. There are many things to consider while building a
city, not just doing it as you wanted to do so. I realized many things in our daily life which is so
normal and ease to obtain is actually a giant structure underground such as the water supply system,
sewage treatments and others. A good city is not based on its appearance but also sustainability,
livability and much more different aspects.
Hence, we should really keep our city clean and protect our city, keep away from vandalism and
other activities that harm our cities as we know that Rome is not built in one day. Every city is the
hard work of every constructor, designer and government. We should all protect and enhance the
place we live together and to produce a great living place for everyone.
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10.Reference Links
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1. http://www.freep.com/article/20130108/NEWS01/130108058/detroit-works-future-
city-concept-land-use
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tianjin#Landmarks_and_Attractions
3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxZKV8lCvzs
4. http://travel.cnn.com/sydney/visit/reasons-melbourne-liveable-257261
5. http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90851/6968173.html
6. http://freshome.com/2013/05/21/organic-shapes-and-ravishing-sky-gardens-
parkroyal-hotel-singapore/
7. http://www.thevenusproject.com/en/technology/city-systems
8. http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/2057-the-city-of-the-future/
9. http://www.slideshare.net/shonasrish/theories-and-concepts-of-town-planning
10. http://landscapeandurbanism.blogspot.com/2009/11/portland-grid-revisited.html
11. http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1313869
12. http://cbs.grundfos.com/india/lexica/WW_Sewer_system.html#-
13. Book : City Design Concepts
14. Book : Key to sustainable cities
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