The open web doesn't stop at our desktop. Smart phones and tablets not only contain more computing power and better browsers than the computers that started the Internet economy, they have better displays. Presented at WebVisions Barcelona 2013.

1. #WVBCN
ADAPTIVE IMAGESIN RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
CHRISTOPHER SCHMITT @teleject

2. #WVBCN
ADAPTIVE IMAGESIN RESPONSIVE WEB DESIGN
CHRISTOPHER SCHMITT @telejectWhat
Bruce
Said!

3. CHRISTOPHER SCHMITT
@teleject

4. @teleject
http://nonbreakingspace.tv/

5. @teleject
http://dwmgbook.com/

6. @teleject
http://CSSsummit.com/

7. @teleject
http://cssdevconf.com/

13. y
x

17. WHY DON’T WE ASK
THE BROWSER?
(cc) flic.kr/p/vUBHv

18. alert("User-agent header sent: " + navigator.userAgent);

19. alert("User-agent header sent: " + navigator.userAgent);

20. Mozilla/1.0 (Win3.1)
http://www.useragentstring.com/
(cc) flic.kr/p/vUBHv

21. Mozilla/1.0 (Win3.1)
Mozilla/1.22 (compatible;
MSIE 2.0; Windows 95)
(cc) flic.kr/p/vUBHv
http://www.useragentstring.com/

22. Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac
OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/
534.55.3 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Version/5.1.5 Safari/534.55.3
(cc) flic.kr/p/vUBHv
http://www.useragentstring.com/

23. Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac
OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/
534.55.3 (KHTML, like Gecko)
Version/5.1.5 Safari/534.55.3
http://webaim.org/blog/user-agent-string-history/
(cc) flic.kr/p/vUBHv

24. FEATURE TESTINGvs. BROWSER SNIFFING
1
2
3

25. FEATURE TESTINGvs. BROWSER SNIFFING
1 Browser width
2
3

26. A scripting approach
var myWidth = 0, myHeight = 0;
if( typeof( window.innerWidth ) == 'number' ) {
//Non-IE
myWidth = window.innerWidth;
myHeight = window.innerHeight;
} else if( document.documentElement &&
( document.documentElement.clientWidth ||
document.documentElement.clientHeight ) ) {
//IE 6+ in 'standards compliant mode'
myWidth = document.documentElement.clientWidth;
myHeight = document.documentElement.clientHeight;
}
http://www.howtocreate.co.uk/tutorials/javascript/browserwindow

27. The jQuery approach
// returns width of browser viewport
$(window).width();
// returns height of browser viewport
$(window).height();
// returns width of HTML document
$(document).width();
// returns height of HTML document
$(document).height();
http://api.jquery.com/width/ & http://api.jquery.com/height/

28. CSS media queries
// default, mobile-1st CSS rules devices go here
@media screen and (min-width: 480px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 910px) { ... }

29. (cc) flic.kr/p/8Lo5Gk

30. BROWSER WIDTH
GIVES US FRAME,
NOT THE CANVAS

31. FEATURE TESTINGvs. BROWSER SNIFFING
1 Browser width
2 Screen resolution
3

32. 72PPIHAS SERVED US WELL
(cc) flic.kr/p/6tjjRP

33. 72 points-per-inch =
72 pixels-per-inch

34. 96PPI
IF A WINDOWS USER

35. 72 points-per-inch
x [1+(1/3)]
= 96 PPI

36. 78μm
goo.gl/zpkFy
78μm
“RETINA” DISPLAYS300ppi at 12 inches from the eyes

38. [In 2013, Intel sees their
product line] offer a higher
resolution experience than a
top-of-the-line 1080p HDTV.”
“
http://liliputing.com/2012/04/intel-retina-laptop-
desktop-displays-coming-in-2013.html

39. 72 PPI

40. 240

41. 240 PPI

42. 240 PPI

43. 72 PPI

45. RETINA DISPLAYS =
LARGER IMAGES,
LARGER FILE SIZES

46. FEATURE TESTINGvs. BROWSER SNIFFING
1 Browser width
2 Screen resolution
3 Bandwidth

47. (cc) flic.kr/p/4DziUN
SPEED TESTS
HINDER SPEED,
USER EXPERIENCE

48. Testing for speed of an
internet connection is like
stepping in front of a car to see
how fast it is.”
“
(cc) flic.kr/p/4DziUN

49. Testing for speed of an
internet connection is like
stepping in front of a car to see
how fast it is.”
“
But, Christopher, you only
have to test it once.”“
(cc) flic.kr/p/4DziUN

50. Speed test image
https://github.com/adamdbradley/foresight.js

51. Speed test image
+50k
https://github.com/adamdbradley/foresight.js

52. Native speed test
// @Modernizr's network-connection.js
connection = navigator.connection || {
type: 0 }, // polyfill
isSlowConnection = connection.type == 3
|| connection.type == 4
| /^[23]g$/.test(connection.type);
http://davidbcalhoun.com/2010/using-navigator-connection-android

53. FEATURE TESTINGvs. BROWSER SNIFFING
1 Browser width
2 Screen resolution
3 Bandwidth

54. IMGGIMME THAT OLD SCHOOL
1
2
3

55. 1 .htaccess
2
3
IMGGIMME THAT OLD SCHOOL

56. Filament .htaccess
# Responsive Images
# Mobile-First images that scale responsively and responsibly
# Copyright 2010, Scott Jehl, Filament Group, Inc
# Dual licensed under the MIT or GPL Version 2 licenses.
# //Start Responsive Images
RewriteEngine On
# direct image requests to temp
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} full=(.*)&?
RewriteRule (.*)rwd-router/.*.(jpe?g|png|gif|webp) $1%1 [L]
# ignore trap for non-image requests, rewrite URL without trap segment
RewriteRule (.*)rwd-router/(.*)$ $1$2
# //End Responsive Images
https://github.com/filamentgroup/Responsive-Images

57. Filament .htaccess
<script src="responsiveimgs.js"></script>
<img src="sample-content/running-sml.jpg?
full=sample-content/running-lrg.jpg" />
8+4+

58. ...the server has no way to
know what resolution the
client’s device is, so it can’t
send the appropriately sized
embeded images.”
“
http://mattwilcox.net/archive/entry/id/1053/

59. http://adaptive-images.com/

60. ADD .HTACCESS, JS,
PHP 5, GD lib*, &
THEN <IMG>

61. 1 .htaccess
2 <picture> and/or srcset
3
GIMME THAT OLD SCHOOL
IMG

62. media queries in HTML
<video controls>
<source type="video/mp4" src="video/windowsill_small.mp4"
media="all and (max-width: 480px), all and (max-device-width:
480px)">
<source type="video/webm" src="video/windowsill_small.webm"
media="all and (max-width: 480px), all and (max-device-width:
480px)">
<source type="video/mp4" src="video/windowsill.mp4">
<source type="video/webm" src="video/windowsill.webm">
<!-- proper fallback content goes here -->
</video>
http://www.w3.org/community/respimg/2012/03/15/polyfilling-
picture-without-the-overhead/

63. <picture> patch
<picture alt="A giant stone face at The Bayon temple in Angkor Thom,
Cambodia">
<!-- <source src="small.jpg"> -->
<source src="small.jpg">
<!-- <source src="medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 400px)"> -->
<source src="medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 400px)">
<!-- <source src="large.jpg" media="(min-width: 800px)"> -->
<source src="large.jpg" media="(min-width: 800px)">
<!-- Fallback content for non-JS browsers. Same src as the initial
source element. -->
<noscript><img src="small.jpg" alt="A giant stone face at The Bayon
temple in Angkor Thom, Cambodia"></noscript>
</picture>
http://www.w3.org/community/respimg/2012/03/15/polyfilling-
picture-without-the-overhead/

64. ADD IF-ELSE HTML, JS,
BORROW <VIDEO>, &
THEN <IMG>

65. @srcset standard?
<h1><img alt="The Breakfast Combo"
src="banner.jpeg"
srcset="banner-HD.jpeg 2x,
banner-phone.jpeg 100w,
banner-phone-HD.jpeg 100w 2x">
</h1>
http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/
embedded-content-1.html#attr-img-srcset

66. 1 .htaccess
2 <picture> and/or srcset
3 HiSRC
GIMME THAT OLD SCHOOL
IMG

67. Set, forget it HiSRC
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/
libs/jquery/1.7.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="hisrc.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
$(".hisrc img").hisrc();
});
</script>
https://github.com/teleject/hisrc

68. Set, forget it HiSRC
<div class="hisrc">
<img src="halloween-mobile-1st.png"
data-1x="halloween-x1.png"
data-2x="halloween-x2.jpg"
alt="Celebrating Halloween in style" />
</div>

69. Set, forget it HiSRC
<div class="hisrc">
<img src="halloween-mobile-1st.png"
data-1x="halloween-x1.png"
data-2x="halloween-x2.jpg"
alt="Celebrating Halloween in style" />
</div>

70. SERIES OF CHECKS TO
FIND OUT RESPONSIVE
PATH FOR IMAGES...

71. DO NATIVE SPEED
TEST FOR MOBILE
DEVICES FIRST...
http://davidbcalhoun.com/2010/using-navigator-connection-android

72. $.hisrc.devicePixelRatio = 1;
if(window.devicePixelRatio !==
undefined) {
$.hisrc.devicePixelRatio =
window.devicePixelRatio
};
Check pixel density...
https://gist.github.com/2428356

73. +50k
https://github.com/adamdbradley/foresight.js
Force speed test

74. LESS THAN 4G MEANS
MOBILE IMAGES LEFT
IN PLACE

75. BETWEEN 4G &
300 Kbps MEANS
REGULAR DESKTOP
IMAGES SWAPPED IN

76. FAST SPEED & HIGH
DENSITY, RETINA
IMAGES SWAPPED IN
https://github.com/crdeutsch/hisrc/tree/v2

77. 2 TRICK PONY

78. CSS IS CORE.
WE USE CSS MEDIA
QUERIES FOR DESIGN

79. http://mediaqueri.es/

80. CSS media queries
// default, mobile-1st CSS rules devices go here
@media screen and (min-width: 480px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 600px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) { ... }
@media screen and (min-width: 910px) { ... }

81. Single pixel GIF

82. Single pixel GIF

83. Single pixel GIF

84. Single pixel GIF

85. $.hisrc.defaults = {
useTransparentGif: true,
http://www.w3.org/community/respimg/2012/04/06/responsive-
content-images-using-a-spacer-png-and-background-image/
Single pixel GIF

86. $.hisrc.defaults = {
useTransparentGif: true,
transparentGifSrc: 'http://
example.com/spg.gif',
6+5+9+ 11.6+17+
Single pixel GIF

87. $.hisrc.defaults = {
useTransparentGif: true,
transparentGifSrc: 'data:image/
gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAMz/
AAAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAE
AAAICRAEAOw==',
8+5+9+ 11.6+17+
Single pixel GIF

88. http://css-tricks.com/which-
responsive-images-solution-
should-you-use/

89. 24+http://css-tricks.com/which-
responsive-images-solution-
should-you-use/

90. http://css-tricks.com/which-
responsive-images-solution-
should-you-use/
ALL SOLUTIONS HAVE
2x HTTP REQUESTS
+ JAVASCRIPT

91. WORKAROUNDSTRICKS in CONTEXT
1
2
3
&
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

92. WORKAROUNDSTRICKS
1 background-size: 100%
2
3
&
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

93. http://fittextjs.com/

94. background-size: 100%
<a href="example.com/link">Download on Github</a>
.download a {
padding: .095em .8em;
background: url(../img/arrow.png) no-repeat;
background-size: 100%;
margin-left: .4em;
-webkit-transition: margin 0.15s ease-out;
-moz-transition: margin 0.15s ease-out;
text-decoration: none;
}
9+5+9+ 11.6+17+

95. WORKAROUNDSTRICKS in CONTEXT
1 background-size: auto
2 SVG
3
&
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

96. SVG

99. Native SVG
http://caniuse.com/#search=SVG%20in%20HTML%20img%20element

100. PNG 16kb
SVG 7kb
9+5+9+ 11.6+17+

101. http://petercollingridge.appspot.com/svg-optimiser

102. Modernizr check
if(!Modernizr.svg){
var images =
document.getElementsByTagName("img");
for(var i = 0; i < images.length; i++){
var src = images[i].src.split(".");
images[i].src = src[0] + ".png";
}
}
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12846852/
svg-png-extension-switch

103. WORKAROUNDSTRICKS in CONTEXT
1 background-size: auto
2 SVG (Clown Car)
3
&
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

104. WORKAROUNDSTRICKS in CONTEXT
1 background-size: auto
2 SVG
3 font-based solutions
&
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

105. ...if you use <meta
charset="utf-8"> (you should
be for HTML5), you’re adding
common Unicode characters
like and ✆, and you don’t
need a specific font’s version...
just copy and paste them into
your HTML.”
“

109. Font-based RWD
http://ilovetypography.com/2012/04/11/designing-type-systems/

110. Font-based RWD
http://ilovetypography.com/2012/04/11/designing-type-systems/
avg file size
40kb/per font

111. http://css-tricks.com/examples/IconFont/

112. http://fontello.com/

113. http://icomoon.io

114. Font-based icons
<style>
[data-icon]:before {
font-family: 'icon-font';
content: attr(data-icon);
}
</style>
<a href="http://example.com/cloud/save/">
<span data-icon="C" aria-hidden="true"></span>
Save to Cloud
</a>

115. WORKAROUNDSTRICKS in CONTEXT
1 background-size: 100%
2 SVG
3 font-based solutions
&
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6
4 compressed JPEGs

120. iCloud iOS 5 OSX Lion iPad 2 iPhone
OS
The world’s most advanced desktop
operating system advances even further.
With over 250 new features including
Multi-Touch gestures, Mission Control,
full-screen apps, and Launchpad, OS X
Lion takes the Mac further than ever.
Learn More
X Lion

121. iCloud iOS 5 OSX Lion iPad 2 iPhone
OS
The world’s most advanced desktop
operating system advances even further.
With over 250 new features including
Multi-Touch gestures, Mission Control,
full-screen apps, and Launchpad, OS X
Lion takes the Mac further than ever.
Learn More
X Lion
!
" ←
↑

122. iCloud iOS 5 OSX Lion iPad 2 iPhone
OS
The world’s most advanced desktop
operating system advances even further.
With over 250 new features including
Multi-Touch gestures, Mission Control,
full-screen apps, and Launchpad, OS X
Lion takes the Mac further than ever.
Learn More
X Lion
! ↙
" ← ←
↗ ↑ ↖
↑ ↖

123. iCloud iOS 5 OSX Lion iPad 2 iPhone
OS
The world’s most advanced desktop
operating system advances even further.
With over 250 new features including
Multi-Touch gestures, Mission Control,
full-screen apps, and Launchpad, OS X
Lion takes the Mac further than ever.
Learn More
X Lion
↑ ↗
← " "
↙ ! ↘
! ↘

124. (cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6

126. 446kb < 8,755.2kb
(cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6
0% vs 100%

127. Size Type Dimensions Display Px Density File Size
Extreme 2276x1400 1x & 2x 446kb
Extra
Large
1024x1536 2x 1,745kb
Extra
Large
512x768 1x 503kb
Large
640x960 2x 746kb
Large
320x480 1x 223kb
Medium
500x750 2x 485kb
Medium
250x375 1x 145kb

128. Size Type Dimensions Display Px Density File Size
Extreme 2276x1400 1x & 2x 446kb
Extra
Large
1024x1536 2x 1,745kb
Extra
Large
512x768 1x 503kb
Large
640x960 2x 746kb
Large
320x480 1x 223kb
Medium
500x750 2x 485kb
Medium
250x375 1x 145kb

129. <picture> Patch
<picture alt="A giant stone face at The Bayon temple in Angkor Thom,
Cambodia">
<!-- <source src="small.jpg"> -->
<source src="small.jpg">
<!-- <source src="medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 400px)"> -->
<source src="medium.jpg" media="(min-width: 400px)">
<!-- <source src="large.jpg" media="(min-width: 800px)"> -->
<source src="large.jpg" media="(min-width: 800px)">
<!-- Fallback content for non-JS browsers. Same src as the initial
source element. -->
<noscript><img src="small.jpg" alt="A giant stone face at The Bayon
temple in Angkor Thom, Cambodia"></noscript>
</picture>
http://www.w3.org/community/respimg/2012/03/15/polyfilling-
picture-without-the-overhead/

130. <img src="rock-climber.jpg" alt="" />
One Image, One IMG

131. (cc) flic.kr/p/64fGf6
EXTREMELYCOMPRESSED PROBLEMS

135. Clown Car SVG
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 329" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid
meet">
<title>Clown Car Technique</title>
<style>
svg {
background-size: 100% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
svg {background-image: url(images/small.png");}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 401px) and (max-width: 700px) {
svg {background-image: url(images/medium.png);}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 701px) and (max-width: 1000px) {
svg {background-image: url(images/big.png);}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 1001px) {
svg {background-image: url(images/huge.png);}
}
</style>
</svg>
https://github.com/estelle/clowncar

136. Clown Car SVG
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 329" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid
meet">
<title>Clown Car Technique</title>
<style>
svg {
background-size: 100% 100%; background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
svg {background-image: url(images/small.png");}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 401px) and (max-width: 700px) {
svg {background-image: url(images/medium.png);}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 701px) and (max-width: 1000px) {
svg {background-image: url(images/big.png);}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 1001px) {
svg {background-image: url(images/huge.png);}
}
</style>
</svg>
https://github.com/estelle/clowncar

137. http://coding.smashingmagazine.com/2013/06/02/clown-
car-technique-solving-for-adaptive-images-in-responsive-
web-design/

138. <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 375 231"
preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" tabindex="-1"
aria-label="the aria label is being read" role="img"
title="the title attribute of the SVG is being read">
<title>Clown Car Technique</title>
<style>
</style>
</svg>
http://codepen.io/teleject/pen/KlzBe
Combo Move: SVG

139. <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 375 231"
preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" tabindex="-1"
aria-label="the aria label is being read" role="img"
title="the title attribute of the SVG is being read">
<title>Clown Car Technique</title>
<style>
</style>
<foreignObject>
<!--[if lte IE 8]>
<img src="../images/mobile-first.png" width="375" height="231"
alt="put alt attribute text here"/>
<![endif]-->
</foreignObject>
</svg>
http://codepen.io/teleject/pen/KlzBe

140. svg {
background-size: 100% 100%;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
http://codepen.io/teleject/pen/KlzBe
Combo Move: SVG

141. svg {
background-size: 100% 100%;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
svg {
background-image: url("http://s.cdpn.io/168/pic-Medium-375x231-
@1x-72ppi.jpg"); outline: green solid 5px;
}
}
http://codepen.io/teleject/pen/KlzBe
Combo Move: SVG

142. @media screen and (min-width: 401px),
screen and (max-width: 800px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:
1.75) {
svg {
background-image: url("http://s.cdpn.io/168/pic-
Extreme-2276x1400-72ppi.jpg");
outline: red solid 5px;
}
}
http://codepen.io/teleject/pen/KlzBe
Combo Move:
Compressed JPEG

143. @media screen and (max-width: 400px) {
svg {
width: 375px;
height: 231px; } }
@media screen and (min-width: 401px) {
svg {
width: 750px;
height: 462px; } }
svg {
outline: 5px solid black; }
http://codepen.io/teleject/pen/KlzBe
Combo Move: CSS

144. http://codepen.io/teleject/pen/KlzBe

145. http://codepen.io/teleject/pen/KlzBe

146. http://codepen.io/teleject/pen/KlzBe

147. COMBO MOVEDON’T BLAME THE PLAYER
1
2
3
No additional HTTP request1
Min. # of images = 2
No JavaScript
http://codepen.io/teleject/pen/KlzBe

150. IMGGIMME THAT NEW SCHOOL
1
2
3

151. IMGGIMME THAT NEW SCHOOL
1
2
3
simple design for users
#rwdimg
1

152. IMGGIMME THAT NEW SCHOOL
1
2
3
simple design for users
browser, server handshake
#rwdimg
2

153. IMGGIMME THAT NEW SCHOOL
1
2
3
simple design for users
browser, server handshake
same, several formats
#rwdimg
3

154. #rwdimg

155. http://telejec.tv/12uYOC4

156. #rwdimg

157. #rwdimg

158. #rwdimg

159. #rwdimg

160. #rwdimg

161. #rwdimg

162. #rwdimg
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/favicon.ico" />
Favicon

163. #rwdimg
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144"
href="apple-touch-icon-144x144-precomposed.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114"
href="apple-touch-icon-114x114-precomposed.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72"
href="apple-touch-icon-72x72-precomposed.png" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed"
href="apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png" />
Mobile iOS Bookmarks

164. #rwdimg

165. THANK YOU!CHRISTOPHER SCHMITT @teleject
The Non Breaking Space Podcast - http://nonbreakingspace.tv/