UMT, Test Construction 2, Test Construction II, Item Analysis, Test Analysis, Test Construction, Discrimination Index, Difficulty Index, Waqas A. Khan, Prof. Dr. Abdul Hameed, Abdul Hameed, Dr. Abdul Hameed, SSH, University of Management and Technology, University of Management & Technology, www.waqas.org
1. BY: PROF. DR. ABDUL HAMEED
ITEM ANALYSIS
A PRACTICAL APPROACH
WAQAS A. KHAN
2. ABOUT THE INSTRUCTOR
• Mr. Waqas A. Khan is a PhD Scholar in Educational Assessment
& Evaluation at the University of Management & Technology
Lahore.
• He holds M.Phil degree in Quality Management, M.Ed and
diploma in “Practical Project Management” from Ateneo De
Manila University Philippines. He is a Certified Lead Auditor in
ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System.
• Currently he is working as Director, Hazara Public School &
College Changa Manga.
For Details: www.waqas.org | www.hazara.edu.pk
3. ITEM ANALYSIS: WHY?
Are the items reliable? Do they
measure consistently?
What items are most difficult to
answer correctly?
What items are easy?
Are there any poor performing
items that need to be discarded?
4. OBJECTIVES
1. Assess quality of the distractors.
2. Assess difficulty of the items.
3. Assess how well an item
differentiates between high and
low performers.
4. Assess Reliability of the test.
5. TEST DATA
ITEM ANALYSIS
Paper English Class 9th Boys
TOTAL QUESTIONS: 19
TOTAL STUDENTS: 39
Paper Syllabus: 1st Half Book
HAZARA PUBLIC SCHOOL &
COLLEGE CHANGA MANGA
(KASUR)
WWW.HAZARA.EDU.PK
6. STEP 1
Students - Questions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1
C
B
A
B
A
B
D
C
C
C
A
B
C
B
B
B
C
A
19
B
2
C
C
B
C
C
B
D
C
A
A
C
C
C
B
B
B
C
C
C
3
C
B
A
C
C
B
D
C
A
C
C
D
C
B
B
C
B
C
C
4
B
B
A
A
B
C
D
C
A
A
A
A
B
A
B
A
A
D
5
C
B
B
B
D
B
D
C
C
A
A
D
C
C
B
B
D
6
C
B
B
C
D
B
D
C
B
C
A
D
B
A
B
B
C
C
C
7
C
B
B
D
B
D
C
C
A
D
A
A
B
B
C
B
C
8
C
B
A
B
C
B
D
C
D
C
A
D
A
B
B
B
C
C
D
9
A
C
D
C
C
B
D
C
D
C
A
B
C
A
B
B
C
C
D
10
D
B
B
C
A
B
D
C
D
A
B
B
C
D
C
B
A
C
B
11
C
B
B
C
C
B
D
C
A
D
C
A
C
A
B
C
C
B
A
12
C
B
B
B
A
B
D
C
D
D
A
D
D
C
B
B
C
B
A
13
C
B
A
B
A
B
B
C
D
D
A
D
D
B
B
B
C
A
A
14
C
D
B
B
D
B
D
C
A
A
D
A
D
C
B
B
C
B
C
C
15
B
D
A
A
C
B
B
C
C
A
B
C
C
B
A
C
B
B
A
16
D
C
D
A
D
A
D
C
B
A
D
A
C
A
A
B
A
C
C
17
C
B
C
A
D
B
D
C
D
A
A
D
B
B
C
A
C
C
D
18
C
B
A
D
C
B
D
C
A
D
A
D
B
A
C
A
B
19
C
B
A
B
C
B
D
C
C
C
A
D
C
B
B
B
C
D
20
C
B
B
B
C
B
D
C
A
C
A
D
B
D
B
A
B
C
D
21
C
B
A
A
D
B
D
C
D
A
A
D
D
C
B
B
C
C
A
22
C
B
B
B
C
B
D
C
A
C
C
D
A
A
B
B
C
A
C
23
C
B
A
A
C
B
B
C
A
C
A
B
A
D
B
C
D
C
D
24
C
B
C
C
B
D
C
D
A
C
C
A
C
D
B
C
C
B
25
C
B
B
A
B
D
C
C
D
A
D
A
C
D
C
C
A
B
26
B
B
D
C
A
B
C
C
B
A
A
B
A
B
B
D
C
D
27
C
B
D
C
C
B
C
C
B
C
C
D
B
C
A
28
B
B
B
A
A
C
A
B
C
C
A
C
B
B
C
B
B
D
C
29
C
B
A
C
C
B
D
C
A
C
C
D
C
A
B
C
B
D
C
30
B
A
D
B
A
C
A
D
B
C
A
C
A
A
B
B
C
D
C
31
C
B
D
D
B
D
C
A
C
32
B
D
D
A
C
B
D
C
D
A
C
A
B
B
B
C
A
C
B
33
C
B
A
B
A
B
D
C
D
C
A
B
C
C
B
B
C
D
34
C
B
B
C
D
B
D
C
D
C
A
D
B
A
B
B
C
B
35
C
B
B
B
A
B
D
C
D
C
A
D
A
A
B
B
C
A
D
36
C
B
B
C
D
B
D
C
B
C
A
D
B
B
B
B
C
B
C
37
C
B
B
C
D
B
D
C
A
C
A
D
C
A
B
B
C
B
C
38
C
B
A
C
C
B
D
C
D
C
A
D
D
B
B
B
C
A
A
39
C
B
B
C
C
D
D
C
A
C
C
D
C
A
B
C
C
C
C
B
C
C
In Excel Sheet
write Question
Numbers in
Columns and
Student
Numbers in
Rows. Fill the
response of
each student
against each
question. i-e
(A,B,C or D)
8. STEP 3
A
2.564 2.564 30.77 17.95 25.64 2.564 2.564 2.564 28.21 33.33 64.1 17.95 23.08 35.9 7.692 7.692 10.26 20.51 15.38
B
12.82 79.49 38.46 35.9
C
D
0
92.31 7.692
0
15.38 5.128 5.128 17.95 20.51 28.21 79.49 66.67 12.82 20.51 15.38
76.92 7.692 2.564 38.46 43.59 2.564 10.26 92.31 15.38 48.72 23.08 10.26 38.46 23.08 5.128 23.08 66.67 43.59 41.03
5.128 7.692 15.38 5.128 30.77 2.564 79.49 5.128 33.33 12.82 5.128 53.85 12.82 7.692 5.128
0
10.26 7.692 23.08
We will now find out the percentage of A,B,C and D responses against
each question. In this example, total students are 39. So we shall divide
each cell with 39 and multiply it with 100 to find the percentage
responses.
For this the formula is
=(C47/39)*100
• C47 is the cell address. 39 is the number of total students and 100 is
for %.
Cross Check 97.44 97.44 87.18 97.44 100
100
100
100 92.31 100 97.44 100 94.87 94.87 97.44 97.44 100 92.31 94.87
• For cross Checking that we are going right, we can add the four
columns and our result shall be 100 or very near to it (EXP)
14. RELIABILITY
Click Analyze
Then Click on Scale
Click on Reliability
Analysis
You will find this
answer
Case Processing Summary
N
Cases
Valid
%
39
a
Excluded
Total
100.0
0
0.0
39
100.0
a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in
the procedure.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach
's Alpha N of Items
.689
19