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Vowels in Hindi Alphabet
(                   )

        As ‘a’ in mal
        Stressed
        As ‘I’ in ill
        As ‘e’ in eke
        As ‘u’ in Ubuntu
        As ‘ou’ in you
As ‘rhy’ in rhythm
Conjugated sound of ‘r’ and ‘rhy’
as above
As ‘e’ in par se
As ‘a’ in as
As ‘o’ in go
Stressed and long sound of ‘o’
Consonants in Hindi Alphabet
(                     )

       As ‘k’ in kite
       Coupled sound of ‘k’, ‘h’= ‘kh’
       As ‘g’ in gun
       Coupled sound of ‘g’, ‘h’= ‘gh’
       As ‘gn’ in gnome. Does not
       produce a particular sound: Just
       used for articulation of tongue
       while pronouncing the next
       word
As ‘ch’ in chair
This sound is not available in English. The
tongue touches a bit away (to the inner
side) from the teeth while pronouncing ‘ch’
as in chair.
As ‘j’ in jug
This sound is not available in English. The
is produced using the naval sounds while
the tongue touches the upper part of
mouth cavity.
Just like ‘gn’ of gnome with a slight up
movement of tongue. No particular sound
just articulation while speaking.
As ‘t’ in top
Hard sound of ‘t’. Not available in
English.
As ‘d’ in dark
Coupled sound of ‘d’ and ‘h’= ‘dh’.
Not available in English but as ‘dh’
in Indian musical instrument ‘dhol’.
Nasal sound when the tongue
touches a bit away from teeth. In
  , the tongue touches the roots of
the teeth.
Soft sound of ‘t’ as used in the
name of country Bharat
As ‘th’ in thermo
As ‘th’ in the
Not available in English. Again,
naval sound produced by
coupling soft ‘d’ and ‘h’= ‘dh’.
As ‘n’ in man
As ‘p’ in push
Sound of ‘f’ if pronounced with
closed lips. ‘f’ of German language.
As ‘b’ in ban
Not available in English. Coupled
sound of ‘b’ and ‘h’= ‘bh’.
As ‘m’ in mass
As ‘y’ in yacht
As ‘r’ in run
As ‘l’ in love
As ‘v’ in vowel
As ‘sh’ in shot
Sound of ‘sh’ when the tongue
touches the roots of the teeth. In
  , the tongue touches the upper
part of mouth cavity.
As ‘s’ in sound
As ‘h’ in has
Coupled sound of ‘g’ and ‘y’= ‘gy’
Coupled sound of soft ‘t’ and ‘r’=
‘tr’.
Coupled sound of ‘k’, ‘s’, ‘h’= ‘ksh’.
A bit similar to ‘x’
Coupled sound of ’s’, ‘h’, ‘r’= ’shr’. As
’shr’ in shroud
Variations of consonants in Hindi Alphabet

            Sound of ‘k’ produced from the throat: equal to ‘q’ of
            English.
            Sound of ‘kh’ produced from the throat. As ‘kh’ used
            in the name of ‘khan’.
            Sound of ‘g’ produced from the throat.
            As ‘z’ in zebra
            Next variation of ‘d’. Not available in English and
            very difficult to produce for foreigners. As ‘re’ in
            Crore.
            Not available in English. Next variation of coupled
            sound of ‘dh’.
            As ‘f’ in fast. As ‘v’ in German language
            Sound of ‘l’ when the tongue almost touches the
            throat.
Specials characters in Hindi Alphabet

       As ‘a’ in ball
       As ‘ai’ in main
Symbols used in Hindi Alphabet

          Sound of ‘n’ with the previous consonant
          along with some other symbols used for that
          consonant
          Sound of ‘n’ with the previous consonant
          Sound of ‘h’ with the previous consonant
          Sound of stressed ‘a’ with the previous
          consonant
          Sound of ‘i’ as in ill with the previous
          consonant
          Sound of ‘e’ as in eke with the previous
          consonant
Sound of ‘u’ as in Ubuntu with the previous
consonant
Sound of ‘ou’ as in you with the previous
consonant
Sound of ‘rhy’ as in rhythm with the previous
consonant
Double sound of ‘rhy’ as in rhythm with the
previous consonant
Used for transliteration. Giving the up sound
to the symbol used.
Sound of ‘ai’ as in aim with the previous
consonant
Sound of ‘a’ as in as with the previous
consonant
Sound of ‘a’ as in ball with the previous
consonant
Sound of ‘o’ as in go with the previous
consonant
Stressed sound of ‘o’
Halant. This is used to make the consonant
half making it disjointed from the sound of .
Symbol of ‘.’ Full stop in English.
Numeric symbols used in Hindi (0-9)

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Hindi alphabet

  • 1. Vowels in Hindi Alphabet ( ) As ‘a’ in mal Stressed As ‘I’ in ill As ‘e’ in eke As ‘u’ in Ubuntu As ‘ou’ in you
  • 2. As ‘rhy’ in rhythm Conjugated sound of ‘r’ and ‘rhy’ as above As ‘e’ in par se As ‘a’ in as As ‘o’ in go Stressed and long sound of ‘o’
  • 3. Consonants in Hindi Alphabet ( ) As ‘k’ in kite Coupled sound of ‘k’, ‘h’= ‘kh’ As ‘g’ in gun Coupled sound of ‘g’, ‘h’= ‘gh’ As ‘gn’ in gnome. Does not produce a particular sound: Just used for articulation of tongue while pronouncing the next word
  • 4. As ‘ch’ in chair This sound is not available in English. The tongue touches a bit away (to the inner side) from the teeth while pronouncing ‘ch’ as in chair. As ‘j’ in jug This sound is not available in English. The is produced using the naval sounds while the tongue touches the upper part of mouth cavity. Just like ‘gn’ of gnome with a slight up movement of tongue. No particular sound just articulation while speaking.
  • 5. As ‘t’ in top Hard sound of ‘t’. Not available in English. As ‘d’ in dark Coupled sound of ‘d’ and ‘h’= ‘dh’. Not available in English but as ‘dh’ in Indian musical instrument ‘dhol’. Nasal sound when the tongue touches a bit away from teeth. In , the tongue touches the roots of the teeth.
  • 6. Soft sound of ‘t’ as used in the name of country Bharat As ‘th’ in thermo As ‘th’ in the Not available in English. Again, naval sound produced by coupling soft ‘d’ and ‘h’= ‘dh’. As ‘n’ in man
  • 7. As ‘p’ in push Sound of ‘f’ if pronounced with closed lips. ‘f’ of German language. As ‘b’ in ban Not available in English. Coupled sound of ‘b’ and ‘h’= ‘bh’. As ‘m’ in mass
  • 8. As ‘y’ in yacht As ‘r’ in run As ‘l’ in love As ‘v’ in vowel As ‘sh’ in shot Sound of ‘sh’ when the tongue touches the roots of the teeth. In , the tongue touches the upper part of mouth cavity. As ‘s’ in sound As ‘h’ in has
  • 9. Coupled sound of ‘g’ and ‘y’= ‘gy’ Coupled sound of soft ‘t’ and ‘r’= ‘tr’. Coupled sound of ‘k’, ‘s’, ‘h’= ‘ksh’. A bit similar to ‘x’ Coupled sound of ’s’, ‘h’, ‘r’= ’shr’. As ’shr’ in shroud
  • 10. Variations of consonants in Hindi Alphabet Sound of ‘k’ produced from the throat: equal to ‘q’ of English. Sound of ‘kh’ produced from the throat. As ‘kh’ used in the name of ‘khan’. Sound of ‘g’ produced from the throat. As ‘z’ in zebra Next variation of ‘d’. Not available in English and very difficult to produce for foreigners. As ‘re’ in Crore. Not available in English. Next variation of coupled sound of ‘dh’. As ‘f’ in fast. As ‘v’ in German language Sound of ‘l’ when the tongue almost touches the throat.
  • 11. Specials characters in Hindi Alphabet As ‘a’ in ball As ‘ai’ in main
  • 12. Symbols used in Hindi Alphabet Sound of ‘n’ with the previous consonant along with some other symbols used for that consonant Sound of ‘n’ with the previous consonant Sound of ‘h’ with the previous consonant Sound of stressed ‘a’ with the previous consonant Sound of ‘i’ as in ill with the previous consonant Sound of ‘e’ as in eke with the previous consonant
  • 13. Sound of ‘u’ as in Ubuntu with the previous consonant Sound of ‘ou’ as in you with the previous consonant Sound of ‘rhy’ as in rhythm with the previous consonant Double sound of ‘rhy’ as in rhythm with the previous consonant Used for transliteration. Giving the up sound to the symbol used.
  • 14. Sound of ‘ai’ as in aim with the previous consonant Sound of ‘a’ as in as with the previous consonant Sound of ‘a’ as in ball with the previous consonant Sound of ‘o’ as in go with the previous consonant Stressed sound of ‘o’ Halant. This is used to make the consonant half making it disjointed from the sound of . Symbol of ‘.’ Full stop in English.
  • 15. Numeric symbols used in Hindi (0-9)