Yp2 u

'b* VZS-* b,1bSb

b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm
Z* b,S ,]àm ,
aW1/dpkSf +W*abqfB
Ä "˚Ä ) Á

˚ ˚Ã˚Ä% ˝ ˛Ä k1jn Z*/13Z-
a,1b*H -/* b1+1 h1Zn
]Z`*,Sbaq ,b`y bY
˙ ˝
VZS-S w b,1bm Z* b,S
,]àmxD *V S ]`S
" Á
˚ Ä
`*+b1 Z*/ ]1`,mY
bYYE S4/*b1WS
+1a1/,*WS a abZqYS
˙˚Ä&
pZj1y S /1,dj1V S4

6
`*4Zmf ab`*ZE Vb`mY
˙ ˚Á
˚Á h1Zn ]Y-*pb
]`*VbSh1aVS1 a,1bm
S4 S+WSSD 4Z*yE
V*V ZS ]Y-db S b1+1D

˛ Á˚ ˚Ä )

˙ Ä%•

b,1bm Z* b,S
“ `S+`1b*y Yd/àbnE ,]àm
yp2-U

]`S+`1b*y ]ZSY*ZS1”D Ã 6
`SbhS 8B9

]`SY1`
S4 ]`jW-
dV*4*b1Wn
˙`-y /`d-I dW*YSbqZV* 77

*`n WYZE h1Zn Yd/`my h1W,1VE
Z*]Sa*WB w 1a1WSanE pZj*E ]V* bm pZE
1/Z*q ,/,* 5::
S ]dabn b,1 a1`/g1 ]`SZaSb b1+1 `*/abn
, /ZS b,1y YW/abSE S S/SE Vd/* ,1/1b
b1+q a1`/g1 S Vd/* aYb`qb b,S -W*4*x
aSe 9>
L'VVW14S*ab 55B=MD ˙*E pZm1 -/m P ob
,`1Yq `*/abS S ,1a1WnqD Ym b1+1 ob-
SaV`1ZZ1 31W*1YD WnV Z1 4*+m,*y
b*V31 `*/,*bn a,1- -*E 1-,dD 1/n ˚41VSq 5=7
Z ,S/SbE V*V bm ab`Sjn a,p 3S4ZnE S
ad/Sb b1+1 Z* aZ,*ZSS b,Sf ]abd]V,D
obYd ]`SaWdj*yaq V Yd/`Yd a,1bd ÁS/Sq =;
WYZ*B w YZS a,1- 1WSV- ,`g*
, /ZS a,1y YW/abSx L'VVW14S*ab 56B5MD
Ãm a1`/1hZ YWSYaqE hb+m a,1bm *,1W 66;
S4 oby VZS-S ]Y-*WS b1+1 a]`*,Wqbnaq
a b`d/ZabqYSE ,4ZSV*pkSYS Z* ]dbS
YW/mf Wp/1yE S dhSWS b1+q ]`SZSY*bn Z*ZSqE ÃSa*SWE
4*`Sq 578
`1j1ZSq , a-W*aSS a ,W1y -*D *V bm
+d/1jn `*/,*bn a1`/g1 1-,m L `SbhS
6;B55MD
˙*,S/ 69;
dV,/qkSy a,1b
,S/1b1W1y 1-,m Z`*,SW*an WS
b1+1 ob* VZS-*H
`S-/SWaq WS V*O a*e 6<;
VyOZS+d/n a,1bH
-/* Z*]SjS Z*Y
]SanY ] /ZYd
S4 obSf */`1a,D

b,1bm Z* b,S
,]àm
Ã 6

ob* VZS-* ]`SZ*/W13Sb

5 2008
WATCH TOWER BIBLE AND TRACT SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA
a1 ]`*,* af`*Zqpbaq
5 2008
WACHTTURM BIBEL- UND TRAKTAT-GESELLSCHAFT DER ZEUGEN JEHOVAS,
E. V., SELTERS/TAUNUS
b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àmD Y 6
Alle Rechte vorbehalten
4/*ZS1 6>56 -/*
1a]W*bZD 'b S4/*ZS1 P h*abn ,a1YS`Zy +S+W1yaVy ]à,1bSb1WnZy
/1qb1WnZabSE Vb`*q ]`,/Sbaq f`SabS*ZaVSYS ,S/1b1WqYS 1-,m
S ]//1`3S,*1baq /+`,WnZmYS ]31`b,,*ZSqYS
˚aWS Z1 dV*4*Z SZ*h1E +S+W1yaVS1 gSb*bm ,4qbm S4
w ,qk1ZZ- Sa*ZSq P 1`1,/* Z,- YS`*x
Y1Z* Z1Vb`mf pZj1y S /1,dj1V S4Y1Z1ZmD f ,maV*4m,*ZSqE `*Z11
]`S,/S,jS1aq , /`d-Sf ]d+WSV*gSqf ,S/1b1W1y 1-,mE ]1`1,1/1Zm 4*Z,
bB ab`*ZSg* 5:9B 31ZkSZ*E Z1adk*q /`,*B Godo-FotoC
1,`]1yaVSy -`/B 5 2003 BiblePlaces.com
Made in Germany /1W*Z , 1`Y*ZSS Russian (yp2-U)
Druck und Verlag: Wachtturm-Gesellschaft, Selters/Taunus

`/Sb1WqY
1`S/ ,4àW1ZSq Y3Z a`*,ZSbn a f3/1ZSO
1Y ] V*Z*bdD -/* `1+1ZV /1W*1b aW1/dpkSyE
Z1d,1`1ZZmy j*-E d ,*a 4*YS`*1b a1`/g1D *YE V*V
`/Sb1WqYE fb1Wan +m -`*/Sbn 1- b ob- Sa]mO
b*ZSqD Ä ob Z1,4Y3ZD /Z*V Y3Z ]Yhn
1Yd P /*bn +*W*ZaSÈ hb+m Z d/1`3S,*W `*,Z,1O
aS1D mE V*V ZSVb /`d-yE Y31b1 ]Yhn a,1Yd
`1+1ZVd af`*ZSbn ]`*,SWnZmy Vdà S ab*bn b,1bO
ab,1ZZmY ,4àWmY h1W,1VYD
Á1-h1 aV*4*bnE h1Y a/1W*bnH Ä1aYZ1ZZD ˚k1
,h1`* ,*j amZ +mW Z1]a1/WS,mYE -,`WS,mY V*O
`*]d4YE * b1]1`n ob d-`pYmy ]/àbVE Vb`my
4*YmV*1baq , a1+1 S Z1 S/1b Z* VZb*VbD ˚k1 ,h1`*
,*j* /hn f/SW* 4* ,*YS wf,abSVYxE * b1]1`n 1y
V*V +d/b abm/Z ]V*4*bnaq a ,*YS Z* Wp/qfD
˚aWS ]/+Z1 ]`Saf/Sb , ,*j1y a1Yn1E Z1
/dY*yb1E hb ,mE V*V `/Sb1WSE Z1aabqb1WnZmD
dk1ab,d1b SabhZSV Yd/àbSE Vb`my /*1b Z*O
/13Z1 `dV,/ab, ,*Y S ,*j1Yd `1+1ZVdD 'b
W, -*E S+WSqD
6Oy bY VZS-S w b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àmx
]Y31b ,*j1Yd `1+1ZVd Z*dhSbnaq YmaWSbnE
`*aad3/*bn S /1W*bn ,m,/m Z* aZ,*ZSS S+WSSD
4Z*VYS,jSan a -W*,W1ZS1Y Z* ab`*ZSg*f 8 S 9E
,m ]WdhSb1 ]`1/ab*,W1ZS1 bYE V*VS1 4/1an
+ad3/*pbaq ,]àmD 'b* VZS-* Z1 ]àb ]1`1O
/*1b SZe`Y*gSpD Z11 1abn Z1Vb`m1
a+1ZZabSD
5D Z* ,,W1V*1b hSb*b1Wq , /S*W-D ,*j1-
`1+1ZV* +d/1b ,4Y3Zabn Z*]Sa*bn a,1 YZ1ZS1
] `*4WShZmY ,]à*YD Ä*]`SY1È af1Y* wÃS
/1yab,Sq , daW,Sqf ]`1aaSZ-*x Lab`D 576 S 577M ]O
Y31b 1Yd ]`/dY*bnE V*V ]abd]*bnE 1aWS 1- +d/db
aVWZqbn V h1YdOb ]WfYdD `Y1 b-E , VZg1

2 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm

V*3/- S4 /1,qbS `*4/1W, oby VZS-S 1abn wÃy
/Z1,ZSVxE , Vb`Y pZmy hSb*b1Wn aY31b 4*]SO
a*bn a,S YmaWS S ,]1h*bW1ZSq b ]`hSb*ZZ-D
6D Z* ]+d3/*1b V +k1ZSpD Ä*]`SY1È
Z* ab`*ZSg*f :7 S :8 1abn `*YV* w *V YZ1 ]-,O
`Sbn a1Va1 a ]*]y SWS Y*YyHxD *V31 , VZg1
V*3/y -W*,m 1abn `*YV* w *V ]Ob,1YdHxD 'b*
`*YV* ]4,Wq1b ],b`Sbn Y*b1`S*WD 11 ]YO
knp Y3Z +ad3/*bn ]`hSb*ZZ1 , V`d-d a1YnSD
`Y1 b-E , V*3/y -W*,1 ]Y1k1Z w W*Z /1yO
ab,SyIxE , Vb`Y ]/àbV*Y /*1baq ,4Y3Zabn
4*]WZSbn -`*edB w ]àmE Vb`m1 q fhd 4*/*bn
`/Sb1WqYxD 'b ]+d3/*1b Sf a,1b,*bnaq a `/SO
b1WqYS P b1YSE Vb ]Y31b SY ]`ybS ] V*Z*bdE
Z1 ]b1`q, `*,Z,1aSqD
WnV /Z ]`1/ab1`131ZS1I b+m ,*j `1+1O
ZV Y- ]Sa*bn bV`,1ZZE Z1 4*-Wq/m,*yb1 +14
`*4`1j1ZSq , 1- VZS-dD `S/1b ,`1YqE S ZE ,4O
Y3ZE a*Y 4*fh1b ]/1WSbnaq a ,*YS b1YE hb
d Z1- Z* a1`/g1D
dabn d ,*a +d/1b a+ab,1ZZ*q VZS-*D ZSY*O
b1WnZ 11 ]`hSb*yb1D a]YSZ*yb1E hb aYdk*WE
b`1,3SW S YdhSW ,*a , ]/àbV,m1 -/mD
]/f/qkSy YY1Zb `*aaV*3Sb1 + obY `1+1ZVdD
-/* 1Yd +d/1b W1-h1 /,1`Sbnaq ,*YD V-/* Z
Z*hZ1b -,`SbnE ,ZSY*b1WnZ 1- aWdj*yb1I mbn
Y31bE ab*`*ZSq Z*W*/Sbn VZb*Vb Z1 a`*4d d,1ZO
h*pbaq da]1fYE Z Z1 a/*,*yb1anD Z-/* `1+1ZV
Y31b ,a1Y a,SY ,S/Y ]V*4m,*bnE hb Z1 aWdj*O
1b ,*aE Z* a*YY 31 /1W1 ,*j a,1b /Wq Z1- -`*4/
,1aY11E h1Y YZ1ZS1 a,1àbZSV,D
Ãm h1Zn `*/mE hb d ,*a S d ,*j1- `1+1ZV*
b1]1`n 1abn ob* aZ,*ZZ*q Z* S+WSS VZS-*D
Ãm YWSYaqE hb+m Z* V*4*W*an +W*-aW,1O
ZS1Y /Wq ,*j1y a1YnSD
4/*b1WS
3

a/1`3*ZS1
`1/SaW,S1B V1Y ]a,1b,*bnaqHD D :

1 Ä
5
6
"˚Ä ) Á
b, WS q a V1YOb ,ab`1h*bnaqH 58
b ]Wf- , b*yZmf a,S/*ZSqfH 65
7 /f/SY WS Ym /`d- /`d-dH 6<
8 /1 -`*Zn /4,W1ZZ-H 86
9 ˛*h1Y 3/*bn / +`*V*H 8<

2 ˚ ˚Ã˚Ä%

:
˝ ˛Ä

b a YZy ]`Saf/SbH 9<
; Ä1Z*,S3d a,p ,Z1jZabnD *V YZ1 +mbnH :;
< h1Yd YZ1 ]`Sf/Sbaq b*V +W1bnH ;8

3 ˙

5>
=
˝

*V a,+/Sbnaq b /SZh1ab,*H <:
h1Yd Yy /`d- b*V a YZy ]abd]SWH =6
55 Ä`Y*WnZ WS /`d3Sbn h1`14 Zb1`Z1bH ==
56 1Y ]*aZm a]W1bZSH 5>9

4 "

57
Á ˚ Ä

*V /abShn da]1f* , dh1+1H 558
58 *V 4*kSbSbnaq b S4/1,*b1Wnab,H 565
59 *V Z1 ]]*abn ]/ /d`Z1 ,WSqZS1H 56<
5: Äd3Z WS ]VZhSbn a /,yZy 3S4ZnpH 57:
5; bSb WS SaV*bn /`d41y , jVW1H 586

5 ˙˚Ä&

5< *V Z1YZ- 4*`*+b*bnH 59>
5= *V `*a]`q3*bnaq /1Zn-*YS -`*YbZH 59:
6> bE 1aWS q S4 +1/Zy a1YnSH 5:9

6 65
66
˙ ˚Á
/Sb1WS ]abqZZ ]`S/S`*pbaqD *V +mbnH 5;8
h1Yd abWnV ]`*,SWH 5<5
67 ˚aWS `/Sb1WS ]npb SWS ]`SZSY*pb Z*`VbSVSH 5=>
68 b /1W*bnE 1aWS `/Sb1WS aa`qbaqH 5==
69 Ã3Z WS +mbn ah*abWS,mY , Z1]WZy a1Yn1H 6><

7 6:
6;
*V a/1`3S,*bn a,S hd,ab,*H 65<
h1Yd q b*Vy Y*VaSY*WSabH 669
6< *V Z1 ]//*bnaq ,WSqZSp -Ya1Vad*WS4Y*H 675
6= *V YZ1 S4+*,Sbnaq b Z*,q4hS,mf YmaW1y a1Va1H 67;

8 7>
75
˛ Á˚ ˚Ä )
bSb WS YZ1 S-`*bn , oW1Vb`ZZm1 S-`mH 68:
*V ]`*,SWnZ bZaSbnaq V Yd4mV1H 697
76 *V Wdhj1 ,a1- ]`,1abS a,+/Z1 ,`1YqH 6:7
77 ˛*h1Y S4+1-*bn ]`Z-`*eSSH 6;7

9 ˙ Ä%•
78 ˛*h1Y 3Sbn ] Z`Y*Y S+WSSH 6<6
79 *V ab*bn /`d-Y -*H 6<=
7: *V bab*S,*bn a,p ,1`d , -*H 6=;
7; W1/d1b WS YZ1 V`1abSbnaqH 7>8
7< 1Yd ]a,qbSbn a,p 3S4ZnH 755

]a,1b,*bnaqHDD
/1,hV*Y
,*a , VW*aa1 Z,1ZnVSyD 'bb aSY]*bShZmy
]*`1Zn ZSV*V Z1 S/1b d b1+q S4 -W,mD wÁ*/ZEP
-,`Sjn bm a1+1DP a1 `*,Z q /Wq Z1- ]dab1
Y1abE Y3Z S ]Y1hb*bnxD bYd 31 bm Z1 /O
Z* b*V*qD `1/S /1,hZV ,a1 `*4-,`m P bWnV
Z1YD
/`d- Z ],`*hS,*1baq , b,p ab`Zd S +,O
`3Sb1WnZ dWm+*1baqD 1+q 4*abS-WS ,`*a]WfE
S bmDDD dWm+*1jnaq , b,1bD Z ]/f/Sb S Z1`1O
jSb1WnZ Z*hSZ*1bB
P `S,1bD
P `S,1bD
P Ã1Zq 4,db b*aD

Y*WnhSV*Y
b1+1 ]`S+WS3*pbaq /,1 /ZVW*aaZSV,D
b1+q a3SY*1baq a1`/g1 P Z* oby Z1/1W1 ZS
d31 /,* `*4* ]mb*WSan 4*ab*,Sbn b1+q 4*VdO
`SbnD 'b +d/1b b`1bSy `*4D
1`,my -,`SbB
P bE ]qbn aVdh*1jnH Y1Zq hbOb /Wq b1+q
1abnD 'b b1+q `*4,1a1WSbDDD
w bObx Z ]`S4ZaSb a a+y SZbZ*gS1yD
‹
Z W141b , V*`Y*ZE S bm d31 4Z*1jnE hb Z
a1yh*a /ab*Z1bD S-*`1bdD 1`/g1 d b1+q
a3SY*1baq 1k1 aSWnZ11D

`1/SaW,S1 7

P m d Z*a Z,1ZnVSyH
P ˙*E Ym ]1`11f*WS ]*`d Z1/1Wn Z*4*/D
L `ab Z1 ,1`SbaqE hb bm Z*q,d `*4-,*`SO
,*1jn a b*aYIM
P Wdj*yEP ]`/W3*1b b*aEP a1-/Zq ]aW1
jVWm d Y1Zq a+S`*1baq VY]*ZSqD h1jnE
]`Sf/SD
db Z ]ZS3*1b -Wa SE 4*-*/hZ dWm+*qanE
-,`SbB
P WnV /W31Z b1+q ]`1/d]`1/SbnB `/Sb1O
W1y Z1 +d/1bD aS/SYE 1abn hb ,m]SbnD
b aV*31jnH
b*a 3/1b b b1+q b,1b*D Áp+*q /`d-*q
/1,hZV* a`*4d +m aV*4*W* w/*xI
hb aV*31jn bmH

P Ä1 Z*/E q 3 ,*Y d31 -,`SWE hbDDD
b`y ]1`1+S,*1b b1+qB
P bE ,1`* Z1 ]4,Wq1bH 1]1`n b1+1 ZSh1-
Z1Wn4qH
P WS bm ]`ab aW*+*VH
P ˙* Z1 aW*+*V qDDD
/SZ S4 ZSf VW*/1b b1+1 Z* ]W1h `dVd S /`d31O
aVS -,`SbB
P Äd b-/* ]]`+dyI
˙`d-y ]/ZaSb aS-*`1bd b1+1 V -d+*Y S fSb`
dWm+*1baqB
P Ãm ZSVYd Z1 aV*31YD ÄSVb Z1 d4Z*1bD
*V bm ]abd]SjnH

˙ Ä%˚ aSbd*gSS V*3/my /1Zn ,4ZSV*pb
]`*VbSh1aVS , ,a1f d-WV*f 41YWSD `*,/*E /ZS
`1+qb* ]/-b,W1Zm V b*VSY Sa]mb*ZSqY Wdhj1E
/`d-S1 P fd31D -/* Y*WnhSV* 4*ab*,Wqpb 4*O
Vd`SbnE Z Y31b ]/dY*bnB w) Z1 fhd dabd]*bnE
Z ob d31 Z1,mZaSYI h1Yd q Z1 Y-d SY /O
V*4*bnE hb q tZ`Y*WnZmyrHx WS V-/* /1,djVd
Vd/*Ob ]`S-W*j*1b YW/y h1W,1VE 1y Z1,WnZ
]`Sf/qb , -W,d YmaWSB w Z ,`/1 ]`SWShZmyD
Ã31bE `*4V P bWnV `*4VI P aV*4*bn t/*rHx
/Z*V YZ-S1 YW/m1 Wp/S Z*dhSWSan b,1Ò
/ bab*S,*bn a,S d+13/1ZSqD E V*V ZS ab`*ZO
ZE /*,W1ZS1 Z* ZSf aW*+1,*1bD b1W +m S bm
obYd Z*dhSbnaqH -/* /Wq b1+q 1abn f`j*q ZO
,abn P bm Y31jnI *V ob a/1W*bnH
b`d/ZabqYSE ,4ZSV*pkSYS a1-/Zq d YWO
/13SE ]Y-*1b a]`*,Sbnaq S+WSqD Z1y bm Z*yO
/1jn ]`1,af/Zm1 a,1bmE ,1/n 11 Z*]Sa*ZS1
,/fZ,SW - L6 SYe1p 7B5:E 5;MD V*VSf ae1O
`*f 3S4ZS ]Y-*1b S+WSqH aYb`S Z* ]`S,1O
/1ZZmy ZS31 ]1`1h1Zn S ]ab*,n Ä Z*]`bS, ,O
]à,E a+1ZZ *Vbd*WnZmf /Wq b1+qD
ı O *V +k*bnaq a ]`bS,]W3ZmY ]WYH
O *V a,mVZdbnaq a S4Y1Z1ZSqYS , `-*ZS4Y1H
O *V 4*,1abS /`d41yH
O *V ]`bS,abqbn /*,W1ZSp , jVW1H
O *V `*a]`q3*bnaq /1Zn-*YSH
O *V W*/Sbn a `/Sb1WqYSH
O *V a]`*,Sbnaq a a,SYS hd,ab,*YSH
O *V ,m+S`*bn `*4,W1h1ZSqH
O *V `*abS /df,ZH
˚aWS bm ]aYb`Sjn Z* ab`*ZSgm 8 S 9E b
4*Y1bSjnE hb ]1`1hSaW1ZZm1 ,mj1 ,]àm +O
ad3/*pbaq , /1,qbS `*4/1W*f oby VZS-SD Ä*O
]`bS, V*VSf ,]à, bm ]ab*,SW -*WhVSH

`1/SaW,S1 9

Ã31jn Z*h*bn hb1ZS1 a ab,1bab,dpkSf `*4/1O
W,D V*3/Y `*4/1W1 bm Z*y/1jn +S+W1yaVS1
]`SZgS]m S Z*dhSjnaq ]`SY1Zqbn Sf , 3S4ZS1D
Sb*q obd VZS-dE bm aY31jn b*V31 11 /]WO
ZSbnD Ä*]`SY1È ]/ VZ1g V*3/y -W*,m ]Y1k1O
Z* `*YV* w W*Z /1yab,SyIxD b1+q +d/1b ,4Y3O
Zabn S4W3Sbn a,S YmaWS bYE V*V ]`SY1ZSbn
]`hSb*ZZ1D *+hS1 af1YmE b*VS1E V*V wÃS /1yO
ab,Sq , daW,Sqf ]`1aaSZ-*x Lab`D 576 S 577ME ]YO
-db b1+1 ]`/dY*bn b*VbSVd ],1/1ZSq , b`d/Zmf
aSbd*gSqfD `Y1 b-E , VZg1 V*3/- `*4/1W*
bm Z*y/1jn wÃy /Z1,ZSVxE , Vb`Y Y3Z 4*O
‹
]Sa*bnE V*V bb SWS SZy ,]à ]`SY1ZSY , b,O
1y 3S4ZSD Ä* ab`*ZSg*f VZS-S b1+1 ,ab`1bqbaq /1O
,qbn w `SY1`, S4 ]`jW-xD m ]`hSb*1jn +
d]YqZdbmf , S+WSS Wp/qfE d Vb`mf 1abn h1Yd
]dhSbnaqD
S+WSq ]`S4m,*1bB w `S+`1b*y Yd/àbnE
]`S+`1b*y ]ZSY*ZS1x L `SbhS 8B9MD / aW,*O
YS wYd/àbnx S w]ZSY*ZS1x ]/`*4dY1,*1baq
+Wnj1E h1Y ]àb 4Z*ZS1 b-E hb f`jE * hb
]WfD `1+d1baq ]ZSY*ZS1 ]`ShSZ S ]aW1/O
ab,SyD Ä*]`SY1È 1aWS bm 4Z*1jnE V h1Yd ]`S,O
/qb f`jS1 /1W*E * V h1Yd P ]WfS1E b1+1 +d/1b
W1-h1 a b,1`/abnp S Yd31ab,Y ]`bS,abqbn
/d`ZYd ,WSqZSp , jVW1D
˛Z*yB V*VSYS +m Z1]`1/WSYmYS ZS V*4*WSan
b,S ]`+W1YmE bm Z1 /SZVD ÃZ-S1 Z*dhSWSan
da]1jZ a]`*,Wqbnaq a b*VSYS 31 b`d/ZabqYSD
1+1 ob b31 ]/ aSWdI dabn b1+1 , obY ]Y31b
6Oy bY VZS-S w b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àmxD m d+1O
/SjnaqE hb Z*SWdhjS1 a,1bm Z*f/qbaq , S+O
WSSI
1 obd VZS-d ,jWS YZ-S1 a,1bm S4 `d+`SVS w ]àm YW/13Sx
3d`Z*W* w `+d/Sb1anIxE Vb`my S4/*pb ,S/1b1WS 1-,mD

10 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm

, oby VZS-1 bm Z*y/1jnDDD

=
VWph1,m1 b1Vabm S4 S+WSSE
]/h1`VS,*pkS1 -W*,Zdp
YmaWn

Ä ˚

]`*VbSh1aVS1 ]/aV*4VSE
Vb`m1 b1+1 h1Zn
]Y-db
˛Ä ˚"& Á

4*ab*,WqpkS1
%DDD
?
4*/dY*bnaq e*Vbm

]W*Z /1yab,SyI
ı ,4Y3Zabn Z*]Sa*bnE V*V bm
a+S`*1jnaq ]`SY1ZSbn
]`hSb*ZZ1
O ˚Ã H

˘ ,]`amE Vb`m1 ]Y-db
b1+1 ]`*4YmjWqbn

* V`Y1 b-DDD
Yy /Z1,ZSV
bm Y31jn ,1abS /Z1,O
ZSV P , VZg1 V*3/-
`*4/1W* /Wq ob-
b,1/1Z* ab`*ZSg* Ã˚ ˛ "Á
`*aaV*4m + d]YqZdbmf
, S+WSS Wp/qfE Vb`m1
/abyZm ]/`*3*ZSq

Ä "˚Ä ) Á 1
Ä* ]1`1Y1Z1 YSY
b1+qE /1`3*an ı
4* `dVSE ]`f/Sb O ÃZ1 ,a1 `*,Z
]*`hV*D b bm O Ä1YZ- 4*,S/dp
hd,ab,d1jnH O SWnZ 4*,S/dp

m S/1jn a /`d4nqYS
, VSZE Z V*4m,*1baqE
hb d ,a1fE V`Y1 b1+qE O ÃZ1 ,a1 `*,Z
1abn ]*`*D b bm O Ä1YZ- Z1W,V
hd,ab,d1jnH O SWnZ 4*,S/dp

,y WdhjSy /`d-
Z1/*,Z Z*h*W a V1YOb O ) `*/
,ab`1h*bnaqD b bm O Ä1YZ- 4*,S/dp
hd,ab,d1jnH O ) 4Wpan

d/* ZS ]aYb`S P ,Wp+W1ZZm1 ]*`hO
VSD jVW1E Z* dWSg1E , ad]1`Y*`V1b1D aqO
VSy `*4 b1+q /W1,*1b ab`1 31W*ZS1 Z*yO
bS ]*`d S a1+1D Ä -b, WS bm V obYdH ˚aWS
/* E b V*V Z*ybS b-E Vb ]/f/Sb b1+1H
1aWS bm Z*j1W b*V- h1W,1V*E V*V af`*O
ZSbn hSabbd bZj1ZSy , ,`1Yq df*3S,*O
ZSqH W*,m 5P9 ]Y-db b1+1 b,1bSbn Z*
obS ,]`amD

13

1

b, WS q a V1YOb
,ab`1h*bnaqH
Wp+,np S a,S/*ZSqYS P a]WjZy
]`1aaSZ-D bYd 31 ,V`d- abWnV
aSY]*bShZmf ]*`Z1yI SbZS
Ä1Vb`m1 /1,djVS b*V Z*abyhS,mI
`y b`d/Z SY bV*4*bnD Ä q 4Z*pE
‹
hb aV*3db `/Sb1WSE 1aWS q fbq +m
4*SVZdan + obYD SWS]]

˝˚Á Ä ˚ +mbn `q/Y a b1YE Vb Z`*,Sbaq b1+1 S VYd
Z`*,Sjnaq bmE Y31b +mbn Z1,1`qbZ aSWnZmYE /*31
, h1Zn pZY ,4`*ab1D ˙1,djV* ] SY1ZS ˙31ZSe1`
]/1WSW*anB w 31 , 55 W1b q hd,ab,,*W* a1+q Z1W,V b
b-E hb 1k1 Z1 /`d3d a Y*WnhSVYxD ,b hb `*aaV*O
4*W* `SbZSB w˚aWS bm Z1 ,ab`1h*1jnaq P fbn a V1YO
ZS+d/nEP b , jVW1 hd,ab,d1jn a1+q Z1]WZg1ZZyIx

14 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]`am

bmH b, WS bm V `Y*ZbSh1aVSY bZj1ZSqYH
`13/1 h1Y b,1bSbnE ]/dY*y Z*/ /ZSY ,*3ZmY ,O
]àYB
b 4Z*hSb w,ab`1h*bnaqxH
b,1bn Z* aW1/dpkS1 ,]àmB
m h*ab ]`,/Sjn ,`1Yq a /ZSY S ı
b1Y 31 h1W,1VY ]`bS,]W3Z- O ˙*
]W*D m ,ab`1h*1b1anH O Ä1b
m hd,ab,d1b1 ,4*SYZdp aSY]*bSpD
Ä1aVWnV `*4 , /1Zn ,m +Y1ZS,*1b1an
Ã Oa+k1ZSqYS SWS `*4-,*`S,*1b1 O ˙*
] b1W1eZdD m ,ab`1h*1b1anH O Ä1b
*3/my `*4 , VY]*ZSS bm ,a1 a,1 ,ZSO
Y*ZS1 d/1Wq1jn /ZYd S bYd 31 h1W,1Vd O ˙*
]`bS,]W3Z- ]W*D m ,ab`1h*1b1anH O Ä1b

V`11 ,a1-E Z* ]1`,my ,]à bm b,1bSW W1-VE
Z Z*/ /`d-SYS ]`SjWan ]/dY*bnD b 31 4Z*hSb P
,ab`1h*bnaqH -/* Wp/S Sa]mbm,*pb /`d- V /`d-d Ò
Y*ZbSh1aVS1 hd,ab,* S ,Y1ab1 ]`,/qb ,`1YqE V*Vdp
+m e`Yd Sf +k1ZS1 ZS ]`SZSY*WE b Y3Z ahSO
b*bnE hb ZS ,ab`1h*pbaqD ˛Z*hSbE ]`*,SWnZmy b,1b
Z* ,a1 b`S ,]à* P /*D ˚aWS ,mE 4Z*q hd,ab,*f /`d-
/`d-*E ]abqZZ +k*1b1an WShZ SWS ] b1W1eZdE bO
V`mb SWS b*yZ P ob Y3Z Z*4,*bn `Y*ZbSh1aVSO
YS bZj1ZSqYSD Ä -b, WS bm V b*Vy b,1bab,1ZZO
abSH W1/dpkS1 b`S ,]à* ]Y-db b1+1 ob ]ZqbnD
*VS1 d b1+q Z*Y1`1ZSqH
YZ-Sf VdWnbd`*f df*3S,*ZS1 S a,S/*ZSq P ZÒ
Y*WnZmy a]a+ ]4Z*VYSbnaq ]+WS31D WnV d a,SO
/*ZSy /W3Z* +mbn /abyZ*q g1Wn P ]Yhn pZj1 S
/1,djV1 ]`1/1WSbnE fbqb WS ZS ]31ZSbnaqD
/Z*V Z1Vb`m1 V df*3S,*ZSqY bZaqbaq W1-O
VYmaW1ZZD ZS Z1 a+S`*pbaq ,abd]*bn , +`*VE
]àb SY Z`*,Sbaq +k*bnaq a ]`1/1W1ZZmY h1W,1O
VYD /Wq Z1Vb`mf ,+k1 /`d- SWS ]/`d-* P ob


ab`1h*qan +14 Z*Y1`1ZSq ,abd]Sbn
, +`*VE bm ]abd]*1jn V*V `1+1ZVE
Vb`my d,W1V*1baq Z,y S-`djVyE
* ]bY +à*1b 11

Z1 +Wnj1 h1Y bè1y Sf Wp+,O
Zmf ]+1/ SWS Y/Zmy *Va1aadO
*È Vb`mY Y3Z ]V`*a,*bnO
aq S ]b1jSbn a,1 a*YWp+S1D
/Z*V h*ab b*VS1 ],1`fZabO
Zm1 bZj1ZSq +mab` 4*V*ZhSO
,*pbaqD b hb 4*Y1bSW* /1,djO
V* ] SY1ZS S`*B wÃZ-S1 pZm1
]*`m `*aab*pbaq ,a1- WSjn h1`14
Z1/1Wp SWS /,1D Y*ZbSh1aVS1 bZj1ZSq ab*Z,qbaq
/Wq ZSf h1YOb ,`/1 `*4,W1h1ZSqD Z1Vb`Y aYmaO
W1E ZS -b,qbaq Z1 V +`*VdE *E aV`11E V `*4,/dxD
`Y1 b-E 4*,q4m,*q `Y*ZbSh1aVdp /`d3+dE Z1
4*+m,*yE hb d /`d-- h1W,1V* b31 1abn hd,ab,*D O
obYd d+1/SanE hb b,S Z*Y1`1ZSq /abyZmD b1W
+m bmE hb+m VbOb S-`*W a b,SYS hd,ab,*YSE V*V a
S-`djVyEP ]S-`*W S +àSWH ˙1,djV*E Vb`dp 4O
,db 1WaSE -,`SbB w Z-/* q /dY*pE hb /`d3+* a ]*Ò
Z1Y P ]àb 4*+*,*D Ä V-/* /SZ bZaSbaq V obYd
a1`n14ZE * /`d-y P Z1bE ab*Z,Sbaq Z1 / jdbVxD
VWnV b1+1 W1bH
V*VY ,4`*ab1E ]Ob,1YdE /]dabSYm `Y*ZbSO
h1aVS1 bZj1ZSqH ı ...........
1]1`n a]àS + obY a,Sf `/Sb1W1y S Z*]SjS
b,1bD DDDDDDDDDDD
1`qbZE ]1`,*q gSe`* Y1Znj1 ,b`yD Y31bE S
Z1bD 4Y3ZE bmE V*V S YZ-S1 ]/àbVSE ]abd]*O
1jn Yd/` S Z1 b`]Sjnaq a a,S/*ZSqYSE 3S/*q
,`1Y1ZSE V-/* ],4àW11jn S Wdhj1 d4Z*1jn a*Y-
a1+qD Y1ZZ b*Vy Z*ab`y ]`q,Wq1b 5;OW1bZqq ˙*O
ZSoWW*D Z* -,`SbB w E hb q fb1W* ,S/1bn , a,O

16 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm '
' ˚Ã
˚Ã ˝˚
˝˚ ˚# ˚ )
˚# ˚ )
Ã˚ 5E Á
Ã˚ 5E Á 6= 7>
6= 7>

1Y +d/dk1Y Yd31 /,* -/* Z*4*/E , V`Z1
bWSh*1baq b b-E h1- q 3S/*p a1-/O
ZqD 1abZ -,`qE q S a1yh*a Z1 Y-d 1k1
]`1/1WSbnaqE h1- SY1ZZ q fhdD -/*
fbq +m ]*`d W1b q +d/d hd,ab,,*bnE hb
Yq WShZabn +W11OY1Z11 ae`YS`O
,*W*anE b-/* S ]/dY*p bYE hb+m
Z*h*bn a V1YOZS+d/n ,ab`1h*bnaqxD
˚abn 1k1 /Z* ]`ShSZ*E ]h1Yd `*O
4dYZ11 Z1 b`]SbnaqD `1YqE V-/*
]W,1 ,W1h1ZS1 S `Y*ZbSh1aVS1 hd,O
ab,* a+1ZZ aSWnZmE , S+WSS Z*4m,*O
1baq w`*ag,1bY pZabSx L5 `SZeqZ*Y
;B7:MD ˚aWS d b1+q 1k1 Z1 YSZdW `*ag,1b
pZabSE +WS4V1 +k1ZS1 a h1W,1VY
]`bS,]W3Z- ]W* Y31b daSWSbn ob ,W1h1ZS1
S ]`S,1abS V /d`ZmY ]abd]V*YD 4Y3ZE /Wq b,O

?
Sf /ZVW*aaZSV, ]/+O
Zm1 `*aad3/1ZSq P ]daby ˛Ä ˚"& Á %DDD
4,dVD YZ-Sf Z* dY1 bWnV
/Z P w]]`+,*bnx a1VaD -W*aZ YZ-hSaO
Ä bm Y31jn +mbn ,mj1 W1ZZmY SaaW1/,*ZSqYE
b1E Vb ,abd]*1b , +`*V
b*V- ]`S41YW1ZZ- YmjO
, ,4`*ab1 / 6> W1bE
W1ZSqI L SYWqZ*Y 56B6MD 1Y ,1`qbZE `*4,1/dbaq
+W11 hb S+WSq ]`S4m,*1b , b1h1ZS1 9 W1bD
b1+q wS4+1-*bn ]W,y `*aO
]dk1ZZabSx L5 `SZeqZ*Y
:B5<E W*-*q ,1abnMD ˚aWS ]/3/*bnE ]V* Z1 ]`y/1b
`*ag,1b pZabSE b +d/1b W1-h1 wb,`*bSbn +1/dx L'VO
VW14S*ab 55B5>MD
b, WS bm V ,abd]W1ZSp , +`*VH
˙Wq b- hb+m b,1bSbn Z* obb ,]`aE Zd3Z ,ZSO
Y*b1WnZ ]aYb`1bn Z* a1+qD /dY*y Z*/ aW1/dpO
kSYD
bZj1ZSqD *VS1 d b1+q bZj1ZSq a `/Sb1WqO
YSE * b*V31 a b,SYS +`*bnqYS S a1ab`*YSH *ab WS ,
`*4-,`1 a ZSYS bm ,mf/Sjn S4 a1+qE q4,Sjn SWS


‘‘ ˙dY*pE hb ,ab`1h*bnaq Y3Z b-/*E
V-/* obb h1W,1V hbOb /Wq b1+q
4Z*hSb S V-/* V*31baqE hb d ,*jSf
bZj1ZSy 1abn +d/dk11D ˙Wq b1+q ,*O

’’
31Z a*Y h1W,1VE * Z1 31W*ZS1 ]`ab
,ab`1h*bnaq a V1YOZS+d/n 'Y+1`

-`d+SjnH hb ZS aV*3db b1+1 , obY bZj1ZSSH
E V*V bm +k*1jnaq a `/ZmYSE ]V*4m,*1bE V*V bm
+d/1jn bZaSbnaq V a,1Yd a]dbZSVd 3S4ZSD L `hSO
b*y 'e1aqZ*Y 8B75DM
Ä*ab`yD ˝S4Z1`*/abZmy bm SWS ,1hZ Z1/,WnO
ZmyH VW*/Sabmy SWS ,a1-/* Z*ab*S,*1jn Z* a,1YH
Ã31jn WS af`*Zqbn a]Vyab,S1 , ab`1aa,y aSbdO
*gSSH ˚abn WS d b1+q b1`]1ZS1H *4,S,*q , a1+1 ]W/
3n1- /df* a1yh*aE bm ab*Z1jn f`jSY Yd31Y SWS
31Zy , +d/dk1YD L `hSb*y *W*b*Y 9B66E 67DM
˙1Zn-SD *V bm `*a]`q3*1jnaq /1Zn-*YSH *ab
WS bm VYdOb /W31ZH /*1baq WS b1+1 d/1`3*bnO
aq Z* `*+h1Y Y1ab1H ˚aWS Z1bE b hb bYd ,SZyH
*Y* `*+b*H *+b/*b1WSH WS 31 b,S ]`S,mhVS
S h1`bm f*`*Vb1`*E Z*/ Vb`mYS Z*/ `*+b*bnH ˚aO
WS bm Z1 dY11jn ]`*,SWnZ `*a]`q3*bnaq /1Zn-*YSE
b V*V bm +d/1jn a/1`3*bn a1YnpH L `hSb*y 5 SYO

Ä
e1p 9B<DM
˚ ˙df,ZabnD ˚aWS bm
,S/1b1Wn 1-,mE hb bm
`hSb*y 6 1b`* Y31jn aV*4*bn a,1y /dO
5B9Q; S ,m+1`S V*h1O f,ZabSH Zb1`1aZ WS b1O
ab,E Z*/ Vb`mY b1+1
Z*/ `*+b*bnE hb+m +1 hSb*bn W, -*E ]`SO
]/-b,Sbnaq V df*3SO ZSY*bn dh*abS1 , aWd31ZSS
,*ZSp S +`*VdD 1`14 S , f`SabS*ZaVSf ,ab`1h*fH
Y1aqg ]`,1`nE hb bm ,y +d/dkSy a]dbZSV 3S4O
d4Z*W + obY V*h1ab,1 ZS /abSZ b-E hb+m `qO
S ab*W WS ]`q,Wqbn /Y a ZSY +mW /df,Z
1- Wdhj1D 4`1Wmy h1W,1VD L `hSb*y
'VVW14S*ab 8B=E 5>D)

18 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]`am

=
r *aad/Sb1WnZmy +/dYm,*1b a,S j*-SsD
`SbhS 58B59
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

b bm Y31jn /1W*bn
`1/ab*,nE hb b1+1 ,/`d- aV*4*WS a/*,*bn oV4*Y1Z
] ]`1/Y1bdE Vb`my b1+1 bWnV Z*h*WS ]`1]/*,*bnD
ÄdE ob +mW +m Z1h1abZI 1+1 Zd3Z ,`1YqE hb+m
S4dhSbn ]`1/Y1b S ]/-b,Sbnaq V oV4*Y1ZdD
31 a*Y1E 1aWS b1+q ]/b*WVS,*pb a V1YOb ,ab`1O
h*bnaqE V-/* bm V obYd Z1 -b,D *V Ym d,S/1WSE
V df*3S,*ZSp Z1Wn4q bZaSbnaq W1-VYmaW1ZZD
*V hb ]1`1/ b1YE V*V aa`1/bhSbn a,1 ,ZSY*ZS1 Z*
V*VYOb /ZY h1W,1V1E Zd3Z ,`1YqE hb+m S4dhSbn
h1Zn ,*3Zmy w]`1/Y1bx P a4/*ZS1 ]`hZy /`d3O
+mD ]bYE V-/* bm ,ab`1bSjn b-E Vb b1+1 ]/fO
/SbE bm +d/1jn , aabqZSS ]ab`Sbn V`1]VS1 bZO
j1ZSqD 1/n f`jSy +`*V P ob ap4 /,df f`jSf
/`d41yD

]W*Z /1yab,SyI
b+m Wdhj1 ]/-b,Sbnaq V +`*VdE YZ1 Zd3Z
`*+b*bn Z*/ b*VSYS V*h1ab,*YSE V*VDDD

ı .................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................

*+b*bn Z*/ obSYS V*h1ab,*YS YZ1 ]Y31bDDD
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

]`amE Vb`m1 q fhd 4*/*bn `/Sb1WqYB
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

,`1Y1ZS, a df*3S,*ZSqYSE bm Z1 -`*ZShSjn
a,p a,+/dD Ä*]`bS,E d b1+q +d/1b +Wnj1 a,+O
/mE hb+m w,1a1WSbnaqDDD ]V* bm pZx L'VVW14S*ab 55B=MD
b1+q +d/1b ,`1Yq ae`YS`,*bnaq V*V WShZabn SE hb
1k1 ,*3Z11E `*4,Sbn a,p /df,Zabn L W*h 1`1YSS
7B6;MD
]V* bm Y31jn ]`SqbZ ]`,/Sbn ,`1Yq a a,O
SYS `,1aZSV*YS ]`bS,]W3Z- ]W*D *VH Ádhj1
,a1-E 1aWS bm +d/1jn +k*bnaq , VY]*ZSqf ]/ ]`SO
aYb`Y V-Ob S4 ,4`aWmfD ˙1,djV* ] SY1ZS oYYS
-,`SbB w) /dY*pE hb , b*Vy VY]*ZSS SZb1`1aZ11D
Ádhj1 SY1bn YZ- /`d41yxD *V 31 ahSb*1b S ÃZSV*B

w'b ]`1V`*aZ*q S/1qD VY]*ZSS bm d4Z*1jn `*4Zmf
Wp/1yxD
˚aWS 31 bm ]a]1jSjn aa`1/bhSbnaq Z* VYOb
/ZYE b +`1h1jn a1+q Z* /dj1,Zm1 ab`*/*ZSqD O
obYd Z1 b`]SanD V* bm YW/E Sa]Wn4dy ,`1YqE
hb+m Z*dhSbnaq `*4,S,*bn S af`*Zqbn /`d3+dD ]4O
31E 1aWS bm `1jSjn a V1YOb ,ab`1h*bnaqE bm d31 +dO
/1jn SY1bn ]`1/ab*,W1ZS1 bYE Vb bm 1abn S h1- bm
3S/*1jn b a]dbZSV* 3S4ZSD

Á˚˙ (#˚• Á ˚ 4ZSV*1b WS d b1+q SaVdj1ZS1
a V1YOb ,ab`1h*bnaq ,b*yZ1 b `/Sb1W1yH 'b V`1b , a1+1
-`*4/ +Wnjdp ]*aZabnE h1Y bmE ,4Y3ZE /dY*1jnD

O ˚Ã H

˘ *V +mW +m dY1abZ +k*bnaq a `,1aZSV*YS
]`bS,]W3Z- ]W*H
˘ b +m bm ]a,1b,*W a,1Yd +`*bd SWS a1ab`1E
1aWS ZS fbqb a V1YOb ,ab`1h*bnaqE Z SY 1k1 `*ZH
˘ ˚aWS bm a V1YOb ,ab`1h*1jnaqE Z1 a+S`*qan ,abd]Sbn
, +`*VE b V*V ob Y31b b`*4Sbnaq Z* hd,ab,*f
b- h1W,1V*H

20 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]`am

2

b ]Wf- ,
b*yZmf a,S/*ZSqfH
˙31aaSV* +mW* Z* `*a]dbn1D a1 Z*h*Wan
a b-E hb 11 /ZVW*aaZSVE ˙31`1YSE ab*W
]`q,Wqbn V Z1y ,ZSY*ZS1D w Z b*Vy aSY]*O
bShZmy ]*`1ZnEP ]`S4Z*W*an ˙31aaSV*DP
˙1,hZVS , /SZ -Wa b,1`/SWSE hb +W11
]`q/hZ- YZ1 Z1 Z*ybSD ÃZ-S1 fb1WS
a ZSY /`d3SbnE Z Z ,m+`*W Y1ZqxD
aV`1 ˙31`1YS ]`1/W3SW ˙31aaSV1
,ab`1h*bnaqD ˙31aaSV* 1Yd b,1bSW*E
hb Z* ,S/1b1Wn 1-,m S 1y Z1 `*4`1j*O
pb ,ab`1h*bnaq a b1YSE Vb Z1 `*4/1Wq1b
11 ,1`mD Z* ,a]YSZ*1bB w -/* d ˙31`1YS
`/SW*an S/1qD Z aV*4*WB t /*,*y +d/1Y
/`d3Sbn ,b*yZ1 b b,Sf `/Sb1W1yIrxD

˚ Á Z1+14`*4WShZmy b1+1 h1O
W,1V a/1W*W +m b*V1 ]`1/WO
31ZS1E V*V +m bm ]abd]SWH ÃO
31bE bm d/S,SjnaqE Z ˙31aaSV*
]`SZqW* ]W*Z ˙31`1YSD Z*
`*aaV*4*W*B w) +mW* d,1`1Z*E hb
1aWS Z*hZd a ZSY ,ab`1h*bnaqE b
]Y-d 1Yd ]Wp+Sbn 1-,dxD b
S4 ob- ,mjWE Ym d4Z*1Y ]431D
aZ*h*W* ,mqaZSYE ]h1Yd Z1VO
b`m1 ]//*pbaq a+W*4Zd S Z*O
hSZ*pb b*yZ ,ab`1h*bnaqD
b Sf V obYd
]+d3/*1bH
˛*h1Y ,ab`1h*bnaq b*yO
ZH (Zj* ] SY1ZS ˙*,S/

bhZ ]/Y1bSWB w ZS 4Z*pbE hb `/Sb1WS SY Z1 `*4`1O
j*bE ,b ZS SY S Z1 -,`qbxD ˙31yZ bY1bSW* 1k1 /O
Zd ,1`qbZdp ]`ShSZdD w *yZmy `Y*Z P ob ]]mbV*
/V*4*bn a,p a*Yabqb1WnZabnD ˚aWS a b+y +`*O
k*pbaq V*V a `1+1ZVYE b-/* V*V bm hd,ab,d1jn a1+q
,4`aWmYE fh1baq aV*4*bnB q +d/d /1W*bn ,a1E hb fhdE
S Z1 +q4*Z bhSbm,*bnaq ]1`1/ `/Sb1WqYSxD
Ã31jn WS bm Z*4,*bn /`d-S1 ]`ShSZmE ]h1Yd Z1O
Vb`m1 ,ab`1h*pbaq b*yZH Ä*]SjS Sf ZS31D
ı .............................................................................
.............................................................................
Z1hZE bm 4Z*1jnE hb S+WSq ,1O
WSb b1+1 aWdj*bnaq `/Sb1W1y L'e1aqO
Z*Y :B5MD `*4 ZS Z1 /*pb b1+1 ,ab`1O
h*bnaqE d ZSf /W3Zm +mbn Z* b
,1aVS1 ]`ShSZmD 1Y Z1 Y1Z11 Z1dO
/S,Sb1WnZE hb b1+q +d/db ]a1k*bn
b*VS1 YmaWSB
˘ ) hd,ab,dp a1+q S4-1YE ]bO
Yd hb ,a1 ,ab`1h*pbaqE V`Y1
Y1ZqD
˘ Ã1Zq bqZ1b V bYdE Vb Z1
`*4/1Wq1b Y1y ,1`mD
˘ ) +m fb1W ,ab`1h*bnaq
a V1YOb S4 a+`*ZSqE fbn
YZ1 1k1 `*Z ,abd]*bn ,
+`*VD
mE Z*,1`Z1E /-*/mO
,*1jnaqE V*Vy +mW* +m
`1*VgSq `/Sb1W1yE `*aO
aV*3S bm SY + obSf
YmaWqfD , -Wd+SZ1 /dO
jS 4Z*1jnE hb ZS
]`*,mD Ä , b 31 ,`1O
Yq bmE ,4Y3ZE /dO
Y*1jnE V*V /1,djV*
] SY1ZS Ã*Z*YSB

w˙*,W1ZS1 Z*abWnV aSWnZ1E hb ,`1Y1Z*YS q VO
W1+Wpan , a,Sf d+13/1ZSqfD ˙Wq YW/13S a1-O
/Zq Z1YmaWSY Z1 ,ab`1h*bnaqD `Y1 b-E +mbn /O
Zy Z1 h1ZnOb ,1a1WIx b*Vy aSbd*gSS Z1Vb`m1
Z*hSZ*pb ,ab`1h*bnaq ,b*yZ1 b a,Sf `/Sb1W1yD
*VH
wÄ*Y aV*4*WS /1`3*bn ob , b*yZ1x
*Y b1`YSZ wb*yZm1 a,S/*ZSqx ]`1/]W*-*1b ]`1O
/1W1ZZdp Y1`d +Y*Z* P ]àb +14 ob- Z1 +ybSanD
Ä1Vb`mY d/*1baq f`*ZSbn , b*yZ1 a,S bZj1ZSqE
+k*qan , aZ,ZY ] b1W1eZd SWS h1`14 Zb1`Z1bD
Ä* Wp/qf ZS ]àb /`d4nqE Z Sf oW1Vb`ZZ*q ]1`1O
]SaV*E Ã Oa+k1ZSq S `*4-,`m ] b1W1eZd `SadO
pb a,1`j1ZZ SZdp V*`bSZdD
˚k1 /Z* fSb`*q b*VbSV* P ,ab`1h*bnaq , VY]*O
ZSSE Z b*VE hb+m 31W*pkS1 Y-WS ]bY b/1WSbnaq
S ]+mbn ,/,1YD b hb aV*4*W ˙31yYaB w *VOb `*4
Ym a+`*WSan a ]`Sqb1WqYSE * ]bY d4Z*WSE hb ,a1
ob `*/S b-E hb+m /Z* ]*`hV* Y-W* ]+mbn ,Y1O
ab1D Ä*Y aV*4*WS /1`3*bn ob , b*yZ1xD
*abE V*V 4*Y1bSW ˙31yYaE b*yZm1 a,S/*ZSq ,4O
Y3Zm ]`S a/1yab,SS /`d41yD wÄ1`1/V V*V YSZSO
YdY /SZ /`d- , Vdà1 /1W*E Z ]`1/]hSb*1b YWO
h*bnE hb+m Z1 ]àWmbn /ZahSVYxEP 4*Y1bSW*
o`WD Z-/* /f/Sb / bV`,1ZZy W3SD aWO

?
,*Y 5;OW1bZ1y 1bE wYZ-SYE
hb+m SY1bn ,4Y3Zabn ˛Ä ˚"& Á %DDD
b*yZ ,ab`1h*bnaqE ]`SfO
/Sbaq W-*bn `/Sb1WqYE Vd/* `hZm1 ,4*SYO
ZS S/dbxD ÃSa*VSE Vb`y bZj1ZSq ab`qbaq
5= W1bE SY1ZZ b*V S /1W*O Z* /,1`SSD ab`1h*qan
b*yZE bm +Y*Zm,*1jn
W*D Z* `*aaV*4*W*B w) ]`SO /,1`S1 `/Sb1W1y S
‹
/dYm,*W* aVW*/Zm1 Sab`SS ]`bSjn bZj1ZSq
SE hb+m Z1 ]b1`qbn /,1O a b1YE a V1Y ,ab`1O
`Sq `/Sb1W1yE ab*`*W*an ZS h*1jnaqD
, h1Y /`d-Y Sf Z1 +Y*ZmO
,*bnxD


=
r ,a1Y fbSY ,1abS a1+q h1abZsD
˚,`1qY 57B5<
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

]*aZabS b*yZmf a,S/*ZSy
˚aWS bm abSjn ]1`1/ a+W*4ZY b*yZmf a,S/*O
ZSy P SWS d31 b*yZ a V1YOb ,ab`1h*1jnaqEP b1+1
Z*/ 4*/*bn a1+1 aW1/dpkS1 /,* ,]à*B
1Y ob 4*VZhSbaqH +S`*1jnaq WS bm ,aV`1
,abd]Sbn a obSY h1W,1VY , +`*VH w ab`1h*bnaqE Z1
a+S`*qan ]31ZSbnaqEP ob ,a1 `*,Z hb `1VW*YSO
`,*bn V*VdpOb ,1knE Z1 a+S`*qan 11 ]`/*,*bnxEP
aV*4*W 6>OW1bZSy ',*ZD h1Yd ob ]`S,/SbH `SbO
h*f 57B56 -,`SbaqB w b 4*bqZd,j1-aq 3S/*ZSq +O
WSb a1`/g1xD h1jn WS bm ]`ShSZSbn /dj1,Zdp
+Wn bYdE Vb b1+1 Z`*,SbaqH /dY*y 1k1 ,b h1YB
b*yZ ,ab`1h*qanE bm bV*4m,*1jnaq b Wp+,S S 4*+O
bm a,Sf `/Sb1W1y S /`d-Sf ,4àWmf Wp/1yE Vb`m1
b1+1 +1a]VqbaqD S4O4* ob- ,4`*ab*1b ,1`qbO
Zabn b-E hb bm ]]*/1jn , W,djVd a1Vad*WnZy
+14Z`*,ab,1ZZabS L *W*b*Y :B;MD
b + obY /dY*1b - 1-,*H S+WSS aV*4*O
ZE hb w,a1 +Z*31Z S bV`mb ]1`1/ -W*4*YS b-E
VYd Ym /*/SY bh1bx L˚,`1qY 8B57MD obYdE 1aWS bm
]mb*1jnaq aV`mbn ]f3/1ZSq P a,S SWS a,1- /`dO
-*EP ]YZSB 1-,* ZSf d31 4Z*1bD 1aWS b1+1 ]`SO
f/Sbaq W-*bnE abSb ,a1`n14 4*/dY*bnaqD 1-,* -
Z1Z*,S/Sb W3nD Ã13/d ]`hSYE wW3S,my q4mVx abSb
hdbn WS Z1 Z* ]1`,Y Y1ab1 , a]SaV1 Z1Z*,SabZmf /Wq
Z1- ,1k1y L `SbhS :B5:P5=MD
W3S VZ1g +Y*Zd
14daW,ZE b1+1 Wdhj1 ]-,`Sbn a `/Sb1WqYS
SWS a V1YOb S4 /df,Z 4`1Wmf f`SabS*Z Wp+mf b*yO
Zmf bZj1ZSqfE , Vb`m1 bmE ,4Y3ZE ,,W1h1ZD
˚aWS d b1+q 1abn /`d-E Vb`my a V1YOb b*yZ ,ab`1O
h*1baqE Z1 ab*Z,San adh*abZSVYE ]Y-*q 1Yd ,a1
aV`m,*bn L5 SYe1p 9B66MD ,/`d- /1W ]Wf VZO

24 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm

ÃWh*bn bYE
hb b,y /`d- a V1YOb
b*yZ ,ab`1h*1baqEP
,a1 `*,Z hb ]`SV`m,*bn
/S*+1bSV*E Vb`my
b*yZ ]1/*1b aW*/abS

hSbaqH *4,1 bm Z1
+d/1jn fbq +m bO
h*abS ,SZ,*bH *VO
, b1+1 +d/1bH
˙Wq ]`SY1`*B hbE
1aWS +m d b1+q +mW
/`d-E ab`*/*pkSy a*f*`ZmY /S*+1bYE Vb`my +m
b*yVY ]1/*W aW*/abS S dYWqW b1+q ZSVYd + obY
Z1 `*aaV*4m,*bnH h1Y +m bm +1a]VSWaq , ]1Ò
,dp h1`1/n P V*V ]`SV`mbn 1- SWS V*V a]*abS 1Yd
3S4ZnH
/+Z1 ]`Saf/SbE V-/* VbOb S4 b,Sf /`d41y
Z*hSZ*1b b*yZ ,ab`1h*bnaqD Ä1 +yaqE hb Z*,1VS ]O
b1`q1jn /`d-*I ,`1Y1Z1Y Z*abqkSy /`d- ]yY1bE
hb bm /1yab,,*W 1Yd 31 , +W*- L a*WY 585B9MD
`*, Z* WShZdp 3S4Zn
Z1hZE a1V`1bZabn , a,q4S a df*3S,*ZS1Y Z1
,a1-/* ]/`*4dY1,*1b +Y*ZD Ä*]`SY1È 1aWS /,1 YO
W/mf Wp/1y fbqb Wdhj1
d4Z*bn /`d- /`d-*E b ZS
Y-db ]31W*bn ,`1Y1ZZ
˚
Ä
Z1 ]`1/*,*bn a,S bZj1O m Z1 +q4*Zm wb`dO
ZSq -W*aV1D h1YdH ÃWO +Sbnx a,1y /`d3+1D
/Z*V `*aaV*3Sb1
/y h1W,1V ] SY1ZS Y*a Z1y b1YE Vb SY11b
]`S,/Sb b*Vdp ]`ShSZdB ]`*, 4Z*bnEP ,*jSY
wÄ1 fh1baqE hb+m b1+1 /O `/Sb1WqYD
Vdh*WS ,]à*YS bS]*B tÄd
S V-/* ,m ]31ZSb1anHrxD


Ä1Zd3Z1 /*,W1ZS1 V`d3*pkSf Y31b +mbn /*O
31 ,`1/ZmY L 1aZn ]1aZ1y 6B;MD obYd Z* ]1`,mf
]`*f df*3S,*ZSq Z1Vb`m1 Z1+14aZ,*b1WnZ
]`1/]hSb*pb Z1 ,mab*,Wqbn a,S bZj1ZSq Z*O
]V*4 L `SbhS 5>B5=MD w *V ]q,Wq1baq ,`1Yq ,a1 fO
`j1ZnV +/dY*bnEP aV*4*W* 6>OW1bZqq ZZ*DP ˚aWS
,*jS bZj1ZSq ab*Z,qbaq +W11 a1`n14ZmYSE b-/*
Y3Z ,ab`1h*bnaq bV`mbxD
`S obY +mW +m Z1]`*,SWnZ aV`m,*bn a,S bO
Zj1ZSq b b1fE Vb SY11b ]`*, ZSf 4Z*bnE Z*]`SO
Y1` b a,SfE * b*V31 b 1- LSWS 11M `/Sb1W1yD ˚aWS
31 bm Z1 Y31jn ,a1 SY h1abZ `*aaV*4*bnE b a]`O
aS a1+q ]h1Yd H ˛Z*1jn WS bm , -Wd+SZ1 /djSE hb
b,S `/Sb1WS +d/db ]`bS, S hb Sf ]`b1ab ,a1Ob*VS
+d/1b +aZ,*ZH
w) ]ZqW*E hb YZ1 Z*/ /1W*bnx
˙31aaSV*E Vb`y -,`SWan ,Z*h*W1E `1jSW*
]`1V`*bSbn b*yZm1 a,S/*ZSq a ˙31`1YSE V-/* daWmO
j*W* ]f3dp Sab`Sp /Zy f`SabS*ZVSD w 4Z*,E

]W*Z /1yab,SyI
˚aWS q b*yZ ,ab`1h*pan a V1YOb
S4 a,1`dpkSfE qDDD
ı ..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................

˚aWS Yy /`d- a V1YOb b*yZ ,ab`1h*1baqE qDDD
..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

‘‘ ) ]`1V`*bSW* b*yZ ,ab`1h*bnaqD
Z1hZE V*3/my /1Zn ,S/1bnaq a obSY
]*`Z1Y , jVW1 +mW Z1W1-VD Ä 1-,*

’’
- 4Z*1b +Wnj1E h1Y YmD ˚Yd Z*/
]`ab /,1`qbn ˙31aaSV*

V*V Z* ]`,*W* a a,SY /`d-YEP `*aaV*4*W* ˙31aO
‹
aSV*EP q ]ZqW*E hb YZ1 Z*/ /1W*bnxD Á1-V WS
/*Waq 1y obb j*-H w'b +mW 1/SZab,1ZZmy ]*`1ZnE VO
b`my YZ1 ,+k1 V-/*OWS+ ]OZ*abqk1Yd Z`*,SWO
aqEP ]`S4Z*W*an ˙31aaSV*DP ) `1,1W* Z1aVWnV Z1O
/1Wn ]/`q/xD
Ä ˙31aaSV* 4Z*W*E hb Wp+Sb 1-,dD bq Z*
a+SW*an a ]dbSE Z* a*YY /1W1 Z* 31W*W* ]abd]*bn
]`*,SWnZD ,`1Y1Z1Y +Wn `*aab*,*ZSq dbSfW*D w 1O
]1`n YS bZj1ZSq a 1-,y Wdhj1E h1Y V-/*OWSO
+ ]`13/1EP -,`Sb ˙31aaSV*DP ) b*V +W*-/*`O
Z*E hb Z /*1b Z*Y `dV,/ab, , a*Ymy Zd3Zmy
YY1ZbIx
Á˚˙ (#˚• Á ˚ m d31 /ab*bhZ 4`1WE hb+m
,ab`1h*bnaqE S b1+1 VbOb Z`*,SbaqD Ä V*V d4Z*bnE
]/f/Sb1 WS ,m /`d- /`d-dH

O ˚Ã H

˘ 4-WqZS 1k1 `*4 Z* aW,*E ,m/1W1ZZm1 3S`ZmY
j`SebY Z* ab`*ZSg1 66D m,*W WS hbOb
]f311 a b+y H
˘ *V a obSY a]`*,SbnaqE Z1 4*,/q b*yZy /`d3+mH
˘ ˚aWS +m bm d4Z*WE hb b,y /`d- ,b*yZ1
a V1YOb ,ab`1h*1baqE b hb +m bm a/1W*WH
h1YdH


3

/f/SY
WS Ym /`d-
/`d-dH

/1WS ]*`d YSZdbE hb+m b,1bSbn Z* ,]Ò
am ob- b1ab*D
*VSYS V*h1ab,*YS /W31Z +W*/*bn
+d/dkSy a]dbZSV 3S4ZSH ]`S,1/1ZZY ZS31
a]SaV1 ]ab*,n Ä Z*]`bS, h1bm`1f a*YmfE
Z* b,y ,4-Wq/E ,*3Zmf V*h1ab,D
ıO SY]*bShZmy O ˙df,Zmy
O Y]*Z1yaVSy O Ä*/13Zmy
O ]dWq`Zmy O maVZ`*,ab,1ZZmy
O 1a1Wmy O 1W1dab`1YW1ZZmy
mW WS bm , V-Ob ,Wp+W1ZE V-/* +mW YWO
31H ]`S,1/1ZZY ,mj1 ]1`1hZ1 ]ab*,n
Z*]`bS, b- V*h1ab,*E Vb`1 ]`S,W1VW
b1+q b-/* , h1W,1V1 +Wnj1 ,a1-D

˚ ]1`1hSaW1ZZmf ,mj1 V*h1ab,*f Z1b ZSh1-
]Wf-D *3/1 ]Oa,1Yd ]`S,W1V*b1WnZD Ä a-W*O
aSanE hb , ]`d pZj1aVy ,Wp+W1ZZabS h1W,1Vd
a,yab,1ZZ ,S/1bn aV`11 ,Z1jZ11E Z*]`SY1` V*h1O
ab,*E dV*4*ZZm1 , W1,Y abW+g1D
/Z*VE ,4àW1qE bm ab*Z,Sjnaq ]`ZSg*b1WnO
Z11 S ,S/Sjn , Wp/qf +W11 -Wd+VS1 V*h1ab,*E Z*O
]`SY1` b1E hb ]`S,1/1Zm , abW+g1 a]`*,*D *VE a
,`1Y1Z1Y ]ZSY*1jnE hb a*Y*q V`*aS,*q /1,djV*
, /,`1 P Z1 +q4*b1WnZ a*Y*q Z*/13Z*qE * a*Ymy
]]dWq`Zmy Y*WnhSV , VW*aa1 P Z1 ,a1-/* a*Ymy ,mO
aVZ`*,ab,1ZZmyD ˚aWS d b1+q d31 YSZ,*W `*ag,1b
pZabSE b-/*E b,1h*q Z* ,]àB w /f/SY WS Ym
/`d- /`d-dHx P bmE Z*,1`ZqV*E +d/1jn ,S/1bn , h1WO
,1V1 Z1 bWnV ,Z1jZ11D
Ä*hZS a a1+q
`13/1 h1Y b,1bSbn Z* ,]àE Vb b1+1
]/y/1bE Zd3Z d4Z*bn a1+qD obY b1O
+1 ]Y-db aW1/dpkS1 ,]àmB

/f/SY WS Ym /`d- /`d-dH 29

*VS1 d Y1Zq /abSZab,*H
ı ..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................
*VS1 d Y1Zq Z1/ab*bVS SWS aW*+abSH
..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................
h1Y q Zd3/*pan /df,Z S oYgSZ*WnZH
..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................
*4+`*bnaq , a1+1 P /1W Z1 S4 W1-VSfE Z Y3O
Z Z*h*bn fbq +m a ,mj1]`S,1/1ZZmf ,]`a,D 1Y
Wdhj1 bm d4Z*1jn a1+qE b1Y W1-h1 +d/1b Z*ybS b-E
Vb daSWSb b,S /abSZab,*E * Z1 b,S Z1/ab*bVS1D
V*V +mbnE 1aWS b1+1 V*31baqE hb bm Z*j1W SY1ZZ
wb- h1W,1V*xH
aqVSy WS ]/y/1bH
wÃ3Z a b+y ]+WS31 ]4Z*VYSbnaqHx 4*,SO
aSYabS b b-E Vb ob -,`SbE bm +d/1jn WS+ ,
d3*a1E WS+ , ,ab`-1D `1/]W3SYE bm b,1bSjn
db,1`/Sb1WnZD *V a ,`1Y1Z1Y ]`1/1WSbnE ]/O
f/Sb b1+1 obb h1W,1V SWS Z1bH
˙]dabSYE bm fh1jn
Vd]Sbn a1+1 Z,dp +d,nD
m 4*f/Sjn , Y*-*4SZE S
b,1 ,ZSY*ZS1 ]`S,W1V*O
1 m Wdhj1 d4Z*1jn a1+qE 1aWS
`*aaYb`Sjn ,]`amE ]/ZqO
bm1 , -W*,1 5E ]/4*-W,V w O
b, WS bm V ,abd]W1ZSp , +`*VHxD

Ä1 ,aqV- `*4Y1`* +d,n
]/y/1b b1+1C bhZ b*V 31
Z1 ,aqVSy h1W,1V ]/y/1b
b1+1 V*V a]dbZSV 3S4ZS
30

1b ]*`* V`*aS,mf bde1WnD m Sf ]`SY1`q1jnE ZE d,mE
ZS b1+1 3YdbD *V bm ]abd]SjnH a1 `*,Z Sf VdO
]Sjn SWS ]Sk1jn /`d-S1H ˙1W qaZ1 P ]`S/1baq
]ab*,Sbn Sf Z* Y1ab S SaV*bn /*Wnj1D Ã*W
d/,Wnab,Sq ZaSbn +d,nE Vb`*q b1+1 Z1 ] `*4O
Y1`dI
f31 /1W +abSb S a ,m+`Y a]dbZSV* 3S4ZSD
4Y3ZE b,1 ,ZSY*ZS1 ]`S,W1h1b Z1 /SZ h1WO
,1VD Ä b1+1 ]/y/1b /*W1V Z1 V*3/myD m ,a1Ob*VS
fh1jnE hb+m `q/Y a b+y +mW h1W,1VE a Vb`mY
bm hd,ab,d1jn a1+q d,1`1ZZE Vb`my ]/f/Sb b1+1
] f*`*Vb1`d S SY11b ]f3S1 g1WS L mbS1 6B5<C Ã*bO
e1q 5=B8P:MD Ä*j1W WS bm b*V- h1W,1V*H ˚aWS /*E
V*V d4Z*bnE ]/f/Sb WS Z b1+1H
Yb`S -Wd+31
b+m b,1bSbn Z* obb ,]àE ,4-WqZS +l1VbS,O
Z Z* ]`1/]W*-*1Y- a]dbZSV* 3S4ZSD WnV +d/n
ab`31ZI V`11 ,a1-E bm +d/1jn aVWZ1Z ,S/1bn
WSjn bE hb b1+1 fh1baq d,S/1bnD Ä1 b`]SanD O
ab*`*yaq ]Zqbn ]/WSZZdp adkZabn h1W,1V*D 'b
+d/1b Z1W1-VD b`1+dpbaq daSWSqD Ä*]`SY1È ]`1/O
ab*,nE hb bm fh1jn Vd]Sbn Y*jSZdD b ],WSq1b
Z* b,y ,m+`H WnV ,Z1jZSy ,S/H Ä1 Wdhj1 WS ]O
aYb`1bn -Wd+31H Ä*]`SY1È d4Z*bnE , V*VY aabqO
ZSS /,S-*b1WnH

˙ab*bhZ WS ]`S ,m+`1
Y*jSZm aYb`1bn WSjn Z*
11 ,Z1jZSy ,S/H 1Y +W11
Zd3Z aYb`1bn -Wd+31
]`S ,m+`1 a]dbZSV*
3S4ZSI

m+` a]dbZSV* 3S4ZS Vd/* a1`n14Z11 ,m+`* Y*O
jSZmD Ä YZ-S1 , ]`d df*3S,*ZSq ,S/qb WSjn
,Z1jZ11D ZS bWnV S -,`qb hb af/ab,1 ,Vda,
S SZb1`1a,B wÄ*Y +SY Z`*,Sbaq /Z* S b* 31 Yd4mO
V*xE wÃm Wp+SY /ZS S b1 31 4*ZqbSqxE wÄ*jS YZ1ZSq
a,]*/*pb , ,a1YIx 1Y Z1 Y1Z11E V*V -,`SWan ,mO
j1E 1aWS `*ag,1b pZabS d b1+q Z* a*YY /1W1 YSZdWE
bm +d/1jn aYb`1bn Z1 bWnV Z* ,Z1jZS1 V*h1ab,*D
m ]yY1jnB ,*3Z `*4-Wq/1bn wbE hb aV`mb , a1`/O
g1 h1W,1V*x L5 1b`* 7B8C 'e1aqZ*Y 7B5:MD
‹
]`SY1`dE Z*,1`ZqV* +Wnj1 d4Z*1jn h1W,1O
V1E 1aWS +d/1jn ]/Y1h*bn Z1 bE V*V h*ab ,m afO
/Sb1an , YZ1ZSqfE * bE hb ]`Saf/SbE V-/* ,*O
‹
jS YZ1ZSq `*af/qbaqD ˙`d-SYS aW,*YSE V*V Z SWS
Z* ,1/1b a1+q , VZeWSVbZy aSbd*gSSH Ä*ab*S,*1b
WS Z* a,1YE /]dabSYE /*,*q ,Wp w,a]mjV*Y -Z1,*x
SWS waV`+Sb1WnZy `1hSxH L *W*b*Y 9B5=E 6>C WaO
aqZ*Y 7B<MD `q,Wq1b WS +W*-`*4dYS1 P -b,Zabn
dabd]Sbn `*/S YS`*E V-/* ,]à Z1 ]`SZgS]S*W1ZH
L *V,* 7B5;MD
/dY*yB Z1 aVWZ1Z WS Z SWS Z* Y*ZS]dWSÒ

Ä
,*bn /`d-SYS SWS `1,ZO
˚ ,*bnH Ä1 ,1/1b WS a1+q V*V
a+ab,1ZZSVH Ä1 b`1+d1b
˛*ZSY*yb1an /1W*YSE WS bh1b* 4* V*3/my b,y
Vb`m1 ,mq,Wqpb j*-H w˚abn b*VS1 ]*`mE VO
WShZm1 V*h1ab,*B b`m1 aa`qbaq S4O4* b-E
˘ ,Y1ab1 S4dh*yb1 hb /SZ Z1 b1`]SbE V-/*
W, -*C /`d-y 4*+m,*1b tbhSb*bnO
˘ 4*Y1h*yE V*V b,y /`d- aqrE -/1 +mWEP -,`Sb /1O
]`SZSY*1b dh*abS1 , ,djV* ] SY1ZS ÄSVWnDP
,ab`1h*f a+`*ZSq S ) /dY*pE ob ]Wfy ]`SO
, aWd31ZSSC 4Z*Vx L5 `SZeqZ*Y 57B8MD
˘ ,Y1ab1 ]Y-*yb1 /Zqbm1 ,]àm +O
, d+`V1 ˛*W* *àb,*E `*k*pb ,ZSY*ZS1 Z* f*O
dh*ab,dyb1 , ab`yV*fD `*Vb1` S ],1/1ZS1 h1W,1O
V*D /Z*V Z1 Y1Z11 ,*3Z

32 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm

Ã˚ ˛ "Á

dW*YSbqZV*
dW*YSbqZV*E ,a]1b*q , 1aZS ]1aZ1y WYZ*E
a4Z*,*W*E hb , `Y*ZbSh1aVSf bZj1ZSqf ,*3Z
af`*Zqbn 4/`*,YmaWS1D Z* aV*4*W* a,SY ]/`dO
-*YB w VWqZSb1anE hb Z1 ab*Z1b1 ZS ]`+d3/*bnE ZS
4*3S-*bn , YZ1 Wp+,SE ]V* Z* a*Y* Z1 ]`+d/SbaqxD
˙1,djV* 4Z*W*E hb hd,ab,* Y-db ,Z14*]Z ,4qbn
,1`f Z*/ `*aad/VYD Ä*]`SY1È Z* ]ZSY*W*E hb ]/
,WSqZS1Y ]/`d- Y31b bVWSVZdbnaq Z* df*3S,*ZSq
h1W,1V*E Vb`my 1y Z1 ]/f/SbD ˙*31 11 a+ab,1ZO
Zm1 hd,ab,* Y-WS +m 4*bYSbn a]a+Zabn b`14,
g1ZSbn aSbd*gSpD Ä adW*YSbqZV* ab*,*W*an
abyVyE V*V wab1Z*x L 1aZn ]1aZ1y <B8E 5>MD
˚abn WS d b1+q b*V1 31 4`1W1 bZj1ZS1 V Wp+,SH
Ã31jn WS bm ]`SaWdjS,*bnaq Z1 bWnV V a1`/gdE Z
S V `*4dYdH L `SbhS 6B5>E 55MD Z-/* V`d3*pkS1
Y-db V*4m,*bn Z* b1+q /*,W1ZS1E ]+d3/*q Z*h*bn
a V1YOb ,ab`1h*bnaqE V-/* bm V obYd 1k1 Z1 -b,D
4Y3ZE bm /*31 a*Y Z* a1+q V*4m,*1jn b*V1 /*,O
W1ZS1D Ä*]`SY1È bm ,S/Sjn ,Wp+W1ZZdp ]*`hVdE
Vb`*q /1`3Sbaq 4* `dVSD Ä1 Z*hSZ*1jn WS bm bh*O
qZZ 31W*bn b- 31E b*V hb /*31 a-W*a1Z ,ab`1O
h*bnaq a h1W,1VYE Z1 `*4/1WqpkSY b,Sf +S+W1yO
aVSf d+13/1ZSyH adW*YSbqZVS +mW 4`1Wmy ,4-Wq/
Z* `Y*ZbSh1aVS1 bZj1ZSqD 1`S a Z11 ]`SY1Ì

“Z1 ,]`q-*yb1an , Z1`*,Z1 q`Y”
wÄ1 ,]`q-*yb1an , Z1`*,Z1 q`Y a Z1,1`dpkSYSxD
Ä*,1`ZE bm ]ZSY*1jn aYmaW ob- +S+W1yaV- ]`SZgSO
]* S4 6 `SZeqZ*Y :B58D 1Y Z1 Y1Z11 b1+qE ,4Y3ZE
bqZ1b V Z1,1`dpk1Yd h1W,1VdD h1YdH Z-/* ob ]Ò
ab eS4Sh1aV1 ,W1h1ZS1D (Zj* ] SY1ZS Ã*`V `*aaV*O
4*WB w'b* /1,djV* +mW* , Z*j1y -`d]]1 ] eS4VdWnbd`1D
Z* a*Y* ]/f/SW* V YZ1 ]+Wb*bnD mW Z1b`d/Z
4*,1abS a Z1y /`d3+dxD
˚aWS bm 4Z*1jnE h1- fh1jnE 1aWS bm b,1`/ , a,Sf /dO
f,Zmf d+13/1ZSqf S 1aWS bm /ab*bhZ 4`1WE hb+m Z1
]//*,*bnaq hd,ab,*YE b bm Z1 +d/1jn b1`qbnaq , /-*/O
V*fE hb b1+1 /1W*bnD *VSY +m ]`S,W1V*b1WnZmYE h*Ò
,*b1WnZmY SWS ,maVZ`*,ab,1ZZmY ZS V*4*Waq obb h1WO
,1V P Z Z1 dV`1]Sb b,p /`d3+d a -Y L *V,* 8B8MD
Z1hZE 1aWS bm d31 4*,q4*W `Y*ZbSh1aVS1 bZj1O
ZSqE ]`,*bn Sf +d/1b Z1W1-VD obY d+1/SW*an SZ/SD
Z* aV*4*W*B w) V*3/my /1Zn ]W*V*W*D ) ]abqZZ Z1Y
/dY*W*E /*31 Z* ,ab`1h*f a+`*ZSqD ) b*V aSWnZ 1- WpO
+SW*E hb -b,* +mW* aV`11 dY1`1bnE h1Y ]b1`qbn 1-xD
/Z*V ]`jW ,`1YqE S SZ/S ]ZqW*E hb Y*Y*E VbO
`*q +mW* ]`bS, b-E hb+m Z* ,ab`1h*W*an a Z1,1`dpO
kSYE +mW* ]`*,*D ˙1,djV* -,`SbB w `jE hb q a ZSY
`*aab*W*anD ) d,1`1Z*E hb 1-,* + YZ1 ]4*+bSbaqxD
˚aWS bm b31 4*,q4*W bZj1ZSq a Z1,1`dpkSYE b
Z1 ]mb*yaq a]`*,Sbnaq , /SZhVdD -,`S a `/Sb1WqO
YSD *V ]abd]SW ˙3SYE V-/* ,Wp+SWaq , /1,djVd S4
a,1y jVWmD Z `*aaV*4*WB w VZg1 VZg, q +`*bSWaq
4* ]Yknp V `/Sb1WqYD 'b S ]Y-W YZ1 a]`*,Sbnaq
a hd,ab,*YSxD Yhn Y-db b*V31 ab*`1yjSZm f`SabS*ZO
aV- a+`*ZSqD h1Yd +m b1+1 Z1 ]-,`Sbn a V1YOb
S4 ZSf a,Sf ]1`13S,*ZSqfH L a*Sq 76B5E 6MD
34 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm

d4Z*bn 1- `1]db*gSSD b Z1Y /dY*pb V`d3*pO
kS1H -,`S a b1YSE Vb d31 Z1Vb`1 ,`1Yq 4Z*1b
ob- h1W,1V*E Z*]`SY1` a 4`1WmYS f`SabS*Z*YS
S4 1- a+`*ZSqD *V bm d4Z*1jnE f`j b4m,*pbaq
+ obY h1W,1V1 SWS Z1b L˙1qZSq 5:B5E 6MD
m YZ-1 ]yY1jnE 1aWS 4*]Sj1jn a,S Z*+WpO
/1ZSqD b + obY h1W,1V1 Y3Z aV*4*bn , a,q4S a
aW1/dpkSYB
*`*Vb1` ı ......................................................................
..................................................................................................
,1/1ZS1 .......................................................................
..................................................................................................
1]db*gSq .......................................................................
..................................................................................................
W14Z b*V31 `*aaYb`1bn `*YVd w d/1b WS Z
YZ1 f`jSY Yd31YHx Lab`D 7=M SWS w d/1b WS Z* YZ1
f`j1y 31ZyHx Lab`D 8>MD ]àm , `*YV1 ]Y-db
]`1/1WSbnE ]/f/Sb b1+1 obb h1W,1V V*V a]dbZSV
3S4ZS SWS Z1bD
`1/]W3SYE bm ,a1 ,4,1aSW S ]ZqWE hb bbE a
V1Y bm ,ab`1h*1jnaqE b1+1 Z1 ]/f/SbD -/* ]1`1/
b+y abSb a1`n14Zmy ,]àB
bSb WS ]`1V`*bSbn /`d3+dH
Z-/* `*4`m, bZj1ZSy P 1/SZab,1ZZmy ]`*O

?
,SWnZmy ,m+`D b hb
aWdhSWan a ˙3dWS1yD Z* ˛Ä ˚"& Á %DDD
`*aaV*4*W*B w Z*h*W* YZ1
WnabSW bE hb Yy /`d- ,a1O aaW1/,*ZSq Z1S4Y1ZO
-/* +1a]VSWaqE -/1 qE a V1Y Z ]V*4m,*pbE hbE
q S hb q /1W*pD Ä /jW / V-/* , +`*V ,abd]*pb
b-E hb q Z1 Y-W* d31 ZS Wp/SE Sa],1/dpkS1
`*4Zm1 `1WS-SSE ,1Ò
a V1Y ]`,/Sbn ,`1Yq VÒ qbZabn `*4,/* aSWnZ
Y1 V*V a ZSYD Z /*31 ab*W d,1WShS,*1baqD
`1,Z,*bn Y1Zq V Y1y 31


=
rÃ*WnhSV* Y3Z d4Z*bn S ] 1-
4*ZqbSqY P hSab WS S h1abZ WS
bE hb Z /1W*1bsD
`SbhS 6>B55
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

a1Yn1E a+1ZZ V bgdD -/* q `*4`,*W* bZj1ZSqE
bhZ -`* a,*WSW*an a YSf ]W1hIx
*`m +mW Z1hb ]/+Z1D Z* ab*W* 4*Y1h*bnE
hb ˙3ZE 11 YW/y h1W,1VEP q4,Sb1WnZmyE b`1+O
,*b1WnZmy S -`d+myD *`* ,a]YSZ*1bB w *VOb `*4 Z
]`Sj1W Z* b`S h*a* ]431I bV`mW* /,1`n
Y*Y*D Z Z* Z11 P ZWn ,ZSY*ZSqE 4*O
j1W S -,`Sb YZ1B t jWSD Ãm ]*4O
/m,*1YrD Ä1 t) ]4/*WrE * tÃm ]*4O
/m,*1YrD Z /*31 Z1 S4,SZSWaq S
ZSh1- Z1 +lqaZSWD Ä -W*,Z1 P
Z Z1 ]`q,SW d,*31ZSq V Y*Y1Ix
Z1hZE 1/SZab,1ZZmy Z1]`S-O
Wq/Zmy ]abd]V SWS h1`b* Z1
+`1V*1b ,*jS bZj1ZSq Z* Z1O
d/*hd L a*WY 57>B7MD Ä V-/*
*`* ]ZqW*E hb -`d+abn ˙3O
Z* aV`11 ]`*,SWE h1Y SaVWpO
h1ZS1E Z* `1jSW* a ZSY ]Ò
,*bnD
bE 1aWS bmE ]/+Z ˙3dO
WSS S *`1E `1jSWE hb h1W,1VE
a Vb`mY bm ,ab`1h*1jnaqE Z1
+d/1b /Wq b1+q ]/f/qkSY a]dbZSVY
3S4ZSH -/* Z1 ]`1Z1+`1-*y a,SYS hd,ab,*YS I *V
+m b`d/Z b1+1 ZS +mWE a*Y1 Wdhj11 P `*aab*bnO
aqD `Sbh*f 66B7 -,`SbaqB w `1/daYb`Sb1WnO
Zmy ,S/Sb +1/ab,S1 S dV`m,*1baqxD Ä*]`SY1È 1aWS
bm 4*Y1h*1jn /SZ SWS Z1aVWnV aS-Z*W, ]*aZO
abSE d]YqZdbmf Z* ab`*ZSg*f 7= S 8>E Wdhj1 ,a1-
]`1V`*bSbn bZj1ZSq P ] V`*yZ1y Y1`1 ]V* ]Ò
+W1Y* Z1 +d/1b dab`*Z1Z*D Ä*/ ]`S4Z*bnE hb `*aab*O

36 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm '
' ˚Ã
˚Ã ˝˚
˝˚ ˚# ˚ )
˚# ˚ )
Ã˚ 5E Á ˚ 75
Ã˚ 5E Á ˚ 75

‘‘ Z SWS Z* +d/1b bZaSbnaq

’’
V b1+1 b*V 31E V*V bZaSbaq
V hW1Z*Y a,1y a1YnS ZS

,*ZS1 P /1W Z1 S4 W1-VSfD Ä +`*V P ob ap4 Z*
,ap 3S4ZnD Ádhj1 ]1`1b1`]1bn +Wn a1yh*aE h1Y ]O
bY ,ap 3S4Zn -`nV a3*W1bnI
*V + obY aV*4*bnH
*V a+kSbn a,1Y `1j1ZSSH `13/1 ,a1-E ,mO
+1`S ]/f/qkdp +ab*Z,Vd /Wq `*4-,`*D *VdpH
b+m ]Zqbn obE ]ab*,n a1+q Z* Y1ab b- h1W,1O
V* LÃ*be1q ;B56MD b1W +m bmE hb+m b1+1 +lq,SWS
`*4`m,1 bZj1ZSy ]`S Wp/qfH `q/ WSD ˚aWS Z1b
a+mf ]`ShSZE Z1 abSb ]`S+1-*bn V ]YkS oW1VO
b`ZZy ]hbmE *,bb,1bhSV* SWS Ã D ab*O
`*yaq ,m+`*bn ,`1Yq S Y1abE Vb`m1 ]O
4,Wqb /W3ZmY +`*4Y +-,`Sbn obb
a1`n14Zmy ,]`aD
b SY1ZZ aV*4*bnH ]abW *,1W
]`S4m,*W f`SabS*Z w-,`Sbn SabSZdx
/`d- /`d-d L'e1aqZ*Y 8B69MD obYd a*O
Y1 ]`*,SWnZ1 P +mbn b*VbShZmYE Z
]`qYmYD 1bV +lqaZSE ]h1Yd bm ahSO
b*1jnE hb obb h1W,1V Z1 ]/f/Sb
b1+1D Ä14*h1Y ]`S,/Sbn /WSZZmy ]1O
`1h1Zn 1- ]`Y*f, SWS +`djS,*bn W*O
,SZd V`SbSVSD Y1ab b- hb+m -O
,`SbnB w m Z1 /W31Z +mWDDDx SWS
w m ZSV-/* Z1DDDx P Wdhj1 ]/+S`*bn
aW,*E b`*3*pkS1 b,S hd,ab,*E Z*O
]`SY1`B w) fhdE hb+m a YZy `q/Y
+mWDDDx SWS wÃZ1 V*31baqE Z*Y Zd3Z
`*aab*bnaqE ]bYd hbDDDxD
Ä1 ,`1Yq ]`q,Wqbn aW*+f*`*Vb1`Zabn SWS ]/O
/*,*bnaq Z* d-,`mD YZSE hb bm `1jSWaq Z*


`*4`m, ] ,1aVSY ]`ShSZ*YD obYd +d/n Z*h1VdE
1aWS b,y /`d-E hb+m ]1`1d+1/Sbn b1+qE Z*hZ1b bO
+y bZV Y*ZS]dWS`,*bnD ˙1,djV* ] SY1ZS Á`S
aV*4*W*B w -/* q ]`1V`*bSW* Z*jS bZj1ZSqE Yy
+m,jSy ]*`1Zn ab*W Z*]daV*bn Z* a1+q 3*WVSy ,S/E
hb+m q ]hd,ab,,*W* a1+q ,SZ,*byD ÃZ1 S ]`*,O
/* +mW ]WfD Ä q Z1 ]4,WSW*E hb+m 1- ],1/1O
ZS1 S4Y1ZSW Y1 `1j1ZS1xD *V S Á`SE /dY*y a,1y
-W,yD `S/1`3S,*yaq a,1- `1j1ZSqD dabn b,1
wZ1bx 4Z*h*1b wZ1bx L *V,* 9B56MD
aW1 `*4`m,*
Ä1 d/S,WqyaqE hb ]aW1 `*4`m,* bm V*V1Ob
,`1Yq +d/1jn ]/*,W1ZD Ã31bE d b1+q +d/db b*VS1 31
hd,ab,*E V*V d ]a*WY]1,g*B w) ]b1`qW ]VyE aO
-ZdWaq / 41YWSE g1Wmy /1Zn f3d ]1h*W1ZZmyx
L a*WY 7<B:MD `y /`d4nq S4 WdhjSf ]+d3/1O
ZSy Y-db d-,*`S,*bn b1+q /*bn ,*jSY bZj1ZSO
qY 1k1 /SZ j*ZaD Ä 4Z*yB 3Sbn a b,SY `1j1ZS1Y
]`S/1baq b1+1E * Z1 b,SY /`d4nqYD obYd Z1 +yaq

]W*Z /1yab,SyI
˚aWS Y1Zq ]`S,W1V*1b Z1,1`dpkSy h1W,1VE qDDD

ı ..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................

b+m d4Z*bnE V*V,* `1]db*gSq Y1- /`d-*E qDDD

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................


..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

+d/1b WS Z YZ1
f`jSY Yd31YH
aZ,Zm1 f*`*Vb1`SabSVS
˚ ˚aWS 1Yd /,1`1Z* ]`1/1W1ZZ*q ,W*abnE
V*V Z 1p `*a]`q3*1baqH
LÃ*be1q 6>B69E 6:MD
˚ *V,m 1- g1WSH L5 SYe1p 8B59MD
˚ b*`*1baq WS Z d31 a1yh*a /abS-*bn obSf g1W1yH
L5 `SZeqZ*Y =B6:E 6;MD
˚ hbSb1WnZ WS Z bZaSbaq V hW1Z*Y a,1y a1YnSH
L af/ 6>B56MD
˚ b 1- /`d4nqH L `SbhS 57B6>MD
˚ h1Y Z h*ab `*4-,*`S,*1bH LÁdVS :B89MD
˚ *V Z bZaSbaq V /1Zn-*YH L˚,`1qY 57B9E :MD
˚ *VS1 Z ]`1/]hSb*1b `*4,W1h1ZSqH L a*WY =;B5>MD
˚ h1Y ]`q,Wq1baq 1- Wp+,n V 1-,1H L5 *ZZ* 9B7MD
/abSZab,*
˚ `d/Wp+S, WS ZH L `SbhS :B=P55MD
˚ 1`n14Z WS Z ]/f/Sb V eSZ*Za,mY ,]`a*YH
LÁdVS 58B6<MD
˚ `j WS Z1Y b4m,*pbaqH L˙1qZSq 5:B5E 6MD
˚ ZSY*b1W1Z WS Z V /`d-SYH L SWS]]Syg*Y 6B8MD
aS-Z*Wm ]*aZabS
˚ a]mWnhS, WS ZH L `SbhS 66B68MD
˚ mb*1baq WS Z ,,W1hn b1+q , Z1/4,W1ZZm1
a1Vad*WnZm1 /1yab,SqH L *W*b*Y 9B5=MD
˚ m,*1b WS Z -`d+ aW,1aZ SWS eS4Sh1aVSH
L'e1aqZ*Y 8B75MD
˚ Äd31Z WS 1Yd *WV-WnE hb+m f`j ]`,1abS
,`1YqH L `SbhS 6>B5MD
˚ `q,Wq1b WS Z `1,Zabn S o-S4YH
L5 `SZeqZ*Y 57B8E 9MD


+d/1b WS Z* YZ1
f`j1y 31ZyH
aZ,Zm1 f*`*Vb1`SabSVS
˚ *V Z* ]`q,Wq1b ],SZ,1ZS1 , a1Yn1
S , a+`*ZSSH L'e1aqZ*Y 9B65E 66MD
˚ hbSb1WnZ WS Z* bZaSbaq V hW1Z*Y
a,1y a1YnSH L af/ 6>B56MD
˚ b 11 /`d4nqH L `SbhS 57B6>MD
˚ h1Y Z* h*ab `*4-,*`S,*1bH LÁdVS :B89MD
˚ *V Z* bZaSbaq V /1Zn-*YH L5 *ZZ* 6B59P5;MD
˚ *V,m 11 g1WSH L5 SYe1p 8B59MD
˚ b*`*1baq WS Z* d31 a1yh*a /abS-*bn obSf g1W1yH
L5 `SZeqZ*Y =B6:E 6;MD
˚ *VS1 Z* ]`1/]hSb*1b `*4,W1h1ZSqH L a*WY =;B5>MD
˚ h1Y ]`q,Wq1baq 11 Wp+,n V 1-,1H L5 *ZZ* 9B7MD
/abSZab,*
˚ `d/Wp+S,* WS Z*H L `SbhS 75B5;E 5=E 65E 66E 6;MD
˚ 1`n14Z WS Z* ]/f/Sb V eSZ*Za,mY ,]`a*YH
L `SbhS 75B5:E 5<MD
˚ `j WS Z1y b4m,*pbaqH L den 7B55MD
˚ ZSY*b1WnZ* WS Z* V /`d-SYH L `SbhS 75B6>MD
aS-Z*Wm ]*aZabS
˚ Áp+Sb WS Z* a]`SbnH L `SbhS 65B5=MD
˚ mb*1baq WS Z* ,,W1hn b1+q , Z1/4,W1ZZm1
a1Vad*WnZm1 /1yab,SqH L *W*b*Y 9B5=MD
˚ m,*1b WS Z* -`d+y aW,1aZ SWS eS4Sh1aVSH
L'e1aqZ*Y 8B75MD
˚ Äd31Z WS 1y *WV-WnE hb+m f`j ]`,1abS
,`1YqH L `SbhS 6>B5MD
˚ `q,Wq1b WS Z* `1,Zabn S o-S4YH
L5 `SZeqZ*Y 57B8E 9MD

40 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]`am

]`q,Wqbn b,1`/abnE /*31 1aWS bm -`h1Z aWdhS,O
jSYaqD
Ä1 aYZ1,*yaqE hb a ,`1Y1Z1Y +Wn ]`y/1bD
]V*E hb+m a]`*,Sbnaq a hd,ab,*YSE ]]`+dy
]`1/]`SZqbn aW1/dpk11D
/1WSan a,SYS hd,ab,*YS a +WS4VSY /`d-Y1
L `SbhS 59B66MD ÃWSan 1-,1 L a*WY 99B66MD b*O
`*yaq +mbn 4*ZqbmY L5 `SZeqZ*Y 59B9<MD Ä1 4*YmO
V*yaq , a1+1 L `SbhS 5<B5MD +k*yaq a b1YSE Vb YO
31b b1+q +/`SbnD b*`*yaq aa`1/bhS,*bnaq Z*
]W3Sb1WnZmf YmaWqf L SWS]]Syg*Y 8B<MD
,`1Y1Z1Y bmE ,4Y3ZE ]4Z*VYSjnaq a /`dO
-SY h1W,1VYD Ä1aYZ1ZZE bm +d/1jn /1yab,,*bn
1k1 +W11 +/dY*ZZD mbn Y31bE b-/* Z* ,]àB
w /f/SY WS Ym /`d- /`d-dHx P bm aY31jn aV*O
4*bn w/*xI
1 Yhn b1+1 Y-db `/Sb1WS S /`d-S1 ,4àWm1E Z*]`SY1` ab*`1yO
jSZm a+`*ZSqD 4Y3ZE bm d4Z*1jnE hb S ZS , b,1Y ,4`*ab1
ab*WVS,*WSan a ]/+ZmYS aSbd*gSqYSD

Á˚˙ (#˚• Á ˚ ˚aWS bm d31 a V1YOb ,ab`1h*1jnaqE
V*V ]`1/1WSbnE V*VS1 ]`q,W1ZSq hd,ab, dY1abZmE
* V*VS1 P Z1bH

O ˚Ã H

˘ *VS1 S4 b,Sf /abSZab, ]a]a+ab,dpb
da]1jZYd +`*VdH
˘ *VS1 V*h1ab,* /Wq b1+q ,*3Z11 ,a1- , a]dbZSV1
3S4ZSH
˘ *VS1 b`d/ZabS ,4ZSVZdbE 1aWS bm ,abd]Sjn , +`*V
a h1W,1VYE Vb`my Z1 `*4/1Wq1b b,1y ,1`mH
˘ *V Y3Z Wdhj1 d4Z*bn f*`*Vb1È ],1/1ZS1
S `1]db*gSp b-E a V1Y bm ,ab`1h*1jnaqH


4

/1 -`*Zn
/4,W1ZZ-H
bY1bnE ,1`Z SWS Z1,1`ZH
ı
]1`S/ df*3S,*ZSq Wp+y O 1`Z
eS4Sh1aVSy VZb*Vb Z1/]dabSYD O Ä1,1`Z
*`1Zn S /1,djV*E Z1 a,1`jS,
]W,y *VbE ,a1 31 Y-db O 1`Z
+mbn ,SZ,ZmYS , +Wd/1D O Ä1,1`Z
˚aWS ,Wp+W1ZZm1 ,4/1`3S,*pbaq
b hd,ab,1ZZmf W*aVE 4Z*hSbE ZS O 1`Z
Z1 Wp+qb /`d- /`d-*D O Ä1,1`Z

Ä˚ ÃÄ˚ÄÄ E bm YZ- + obY /dY*WD ˚aWS bm a V1YO
b ,ab`1h*1jnaqE ]1`1/ b+yE ,4Y3ZE abSb Z1O
]àby ,]àB hb Y3ZE * h1- Z1Wn4q , ]`q,W1ZSS
Z13Zmf hd,ab,H ˙*,*y +ad/SY , a,1b1 3n1- W,*
b`S ,mj1]`S,1/1ZZmf db,1`3/1ZSq S `*4+1`1YaqE -/1
-`*Zn /4,W1ZZ-D

42 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm

˘ ]1`S/ df*3S,*ZSq Wp+y eS4Sh1aVSy
VZb*Vb Z1/]dabSYD
Ä1,1`ZD S+WSq Z1 ad3/*1b dY1abZm1E g1WYd/O
`1ZZm1 ]`q,W1ZSq Z13Zmf hd,ab,D Ä*]`SY1È S+WSq
`*aaV*4m,*1b /1,djV1OadW*YSbqZV1 S pZY ]*abdO
f1E Vb`m1 ]Wp+SWS /`d- /`d-*D f bZj1ZSq +mWS
+14d]`1hZmD ÄE ] ,a1y ,S/SYabSE ZS +Y1ZS,*WSan
Z1Vb`mYS W*aV*YS 1k1 / +`*V* L 1aZn ]1aZ1y 5B6C
6B:C <B9MD 1-/Zq b31 1abn ]*`mE Vb`m1 ahSb*pbE hb
1aWS ZS ]W*ZS`dpb ]31ZSbnaqE b ]`1/1W1ZZm1 hSO
abm1 ]`q,W1ZSq Z13Zmf hd,ab, dY1abZm1D
/Z*V ]*`1Zn S /1,djV* /W3Zm +mbn ]`1/1WnZ
ab`3ZmYS , ]1`S/ df*3S,*ZSqD a1E hb ,4+d3O
/*1bE Z*]`SY1` ]g1WdS S +lqbSqE Y31b 4*VZhSbnO
aq +14Z`*,ab,1ZZabnpD ˙*31 SY1q a*Ym1 +W*-`/O
Zm1 Z*Y1`1ZSqE Y3Z W1-V ]b1`qbn a*Y+W*/*ZS1 S
/]dabSbn a1Vad*WnZdp +14Z`*,ab,1ZZabn L WaaqZ*Y
7B9MD
˘ *`1Zn S /1,djV*E Z1 a,1`jS, ]W,y *VbE
,a1 31 Y-db +mbn ,SZ,ZmYS , +Wd/1D
‹
1`ZD `1h1aV1 aW, ]`Z1y*E ]1`1,/SY1 , S+O
WSS V*V w+Wd/xE SY11b jS`V1 4Z*h1ZS1D Z 4Z*h*1b

?
Wp+m1 a1Vad*WnZm1 bZj1O
ZSq ,Z1 +`*V*D obYd +Wd/ P ˛Ä ˚"& Á %DDD
ob Z1 bWnV ]W,y *VbE
Z b*V31 `*WnZmy S *Z*WnO ˚aWS ,m a+S`*1b1an
Zmy a1VaE `*4/`*31ZS1 ]WO ]31ZSbnaqE ,*Y Z*/
,mf `-*Z, /`d-- h1W,1V* +ad/Sbn Z1Vb`m1
S ]`hS1 /1yab,SqE a,q4*ZZm1 SZbSYZm1 ,]àmD
/Z*V bV`,1ZZm1
a Z1/4,W1ZZmY Sa]Wn4,*O `*4-,`mE Z*g1W1ZZm1
ZS1Y ]W,mf `-*Z,D Z* ,4+d3/1ZS1 a1VadO
*WnZ- 31W*ZSqEP
1 Z1Vb`mf ab`*Z*f ahSb*1baq Z1O
]`SWShZmY S aV`+Sb1WnZmYE V-/* ob /SZ S4 ,S/, Z1O
Z131Z*bm1 Wp/S Z* ,S/d d /`d-Sf ]Ò hSabbmE /*31 1aWS
q,Wqpb /`d- V /`d-d Z13Zm1 hd,ab,*D ZS ,1/dbaq ] b1W1O
`SabS*Z1 /W3Zm aW1/SbnE hb+m Sf eZd SWS h1`14 Ã D
],1/1ZS1 Z1 ab*W /Wq V-Ob ]`1bO
VZ,1ZS1Y L6 `SZeqZ*Y :B7MD

/1 -`*Zn /4,W1ZZ-H 43

hbE 1aWS Ym ]1`1jWS -`*ZnH
b /1W*bnE 1aWS bm ,,W1Vaq , +14Z`*,ab,1ZZabnH
Ä1 abSb +Y*Zm,*bn a1+qE /dY*qE hb bm a*Y aY31jn
`1jSbn ]`+W1YdD /Z* /1,djV* ]`S4Z*W*anB w) YWSO
W*anB t Y-S Z*Y +Wnj1 ob- Z1 /1W*bnIr Z-/* ob
]Y-*WE Z Z1 ,a1-/*xD *V hb ]-,`S a `/Sb1WqYSD
S+WSS /*1baq Yd/`my a,1b ]4,*bn ab*`1yjSZ a+`*O
ZSq L *V,* 9B58MD 'bS f`SabS*ZaVS1 ]*abm`S /*/db a,1bE
Z*ab*,W1ZS1 S ]Y-db b1+1 ,aab*Z,Sbn a,S bZj1O
ZSq a -YD

W11 b-E S+WSq ad3/*1b Z1 bWnV +Wd/D ]abW
*,1W ]Sa*WB w /1W* ]WbS q,ZmE ob P +Wd/E Z1hSabb*E
`*a]dbZ1 ],1/1ZS1xD ˙*W11 Z /+*,SWB w abd]*pkS1
b*V g*àb,* -* Z1 Z*aW1/dpbx L *W*b*Y 9B5=P65M.
b b*V1 wZ1hSabb*xH `1h1aV1 aW,E abqk11 4*
obSY ]ZqbS1YE bZaSbaq V ,aqV- `/* Z1hSabb1E
Z*]`SY1` , `1hS SWS ],1/1ZSSD ˚aWS VbOb ]4,WqO
1b a1+1 4*+S`*bnaq `dV*YS ]/ /13/d /`d-- h1W,1O
V*E aZSY*bn 11 SWS W*aV*bn SZbSYZm1 4ZmE Z*]`SY1`
-`d/nEP ob d31 Z1 Z*4,1jn hSabmYS bZj1ZSqO
YSD S+WSS W*aV*ZS1 -`d/S bZaSbaq V d/,Wnab,SO
qYE b,1/1ZZmY bWnV /Wq ad]`d31aVSf ]*` L `SbhS
9B5<E 5=MD
,`1Y1ZZm1 ]/àbVS ]`y +144*ab1ZhS, ]`1O
Z1+`1-*pb 3nSYS Z`Y*YS Y`*WSE Z*Y1`1ZZ 4*fO
/q aWSjVY /*W1V SWS a 3*/Zabnp 4*,/q Z,mf
/`d41y SWS ]/`d31VE hb+m ,,W1V*bn Sf , a1VadO
*WnZdp Z1hSabbdD Ä1Vb`m1 /*31 /f/qb / b-E hb
*]abW *,1W Z*4,*W w`*a]dbZmY ],1/1ZS1YxD `1h1O
aV1 aW,E Vb`1 ]1`1,/Sbaq V*V w`*a]dbZ1 ],1O
/1ZS1xE 4Z*h*1b waV`+Sb1WnZm1 /1yab,SqE Z1dY1`1ZO
ZabnE /1`4abnE Z1+d4/*ZZ*q ]fbnxD Ä1aYZ1ZZE bm

44 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm '
' ˚Ã
˚Ã ˝˚
˝˚ ˚# ˚ )
˚# ˚ )
Ã˚ 5E Á ˚ 68
Ã˚ 5E Á ˚ 68

=
rÁp+,nDDD Z1 ,1/1b
a1+q Z1]`SWShZsD
5 `SZeqZ*Y 57B8E 9
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

Z1 31W*1jnE wdb`*bS, ,aqVSy abm/xE ]`1/*bnaq w`*a]dbO
ZYd ],1/1ZSpE hb+m a 3*/Zabnp 4*ZSY*bnaq ,aqVO
- `/* Z1hSabbyx L'e1aqZ*Y 8B5;P5=MD
˘ ˚aWS ,Wp+W1ZZm1 ,4/1`3S,*pbaq b hd,abO
,1ZZmf W*aVE 4Z*hSbE ZS Z1 Wp+qb /`d- /`d-*D
Ä1,1`ZD ]`1VS YZ1ZSp b/1WnZmf Wp/1yE Z1O
dY1abZm1 W*aVS Z1 dV`1]Wqpb bZj1ZSyD Ä*]`bS,E
ZS `*4`dj*pb ,4*SYZ1 d,*31ZS1 S /,1`S1D b hb
aWdhSWan a Á`yB w /SZ `*4E V-/* Y*Ym Z1 +mW /Y*E
Yy ]*`1Zn ]`Sj1W V YZ1E qV+mE ]aYb`1bn b1W1,SO
4`D Z*h*W* Z ]àb /1`3*W Y1Zq 4* `dVdD ]bY 1-
`dVS ,/`d- ab*WS +Wd3/*bnD ) +qW*an 1- ab*Z,SbnE
/dY*W*E hb Z +S/Sbaq S dy/1bxD
*V bm /dY*1jnE obb ]*`1Zn /1yab,Sb1WnZ Wp+SW
Á`d SWS 31 ]àb SaV*W a1+1 d/,Wnab,SqH ˚aWS VbO
b ]mb*1baq ,,W1hn b1+q , Z1hSab1 ],1/1ZS1E b Y3O
Z WS aV*4*bnE hb Z /1yab,Sb1WnZ b1+q Wp+SbH
˚aWS ]*`1Zn ]+d3/*1b /1,djVd ]abd]Sbn ,`*4`14
a 11 f`SabS*ZaVSY ,a]Sb*ZS1Y S a,1abnpE Z Z*`dO
j*1b 4*VZ -*D bq Z S db,1`3/*1bE hb Wp+Sb
11E 1- /1W* -,`qb +`*bZ1D
1aWS /1,djV* ]//*1baq b*O
VYd /*,W1ZSpE b Z* ]4,O
˚
Ä
Wq1bE hb+m 1p ]Wn4,*WSanD +k*yb1an , VY]*ZSS
hb fd31E Z* ,,W1V*1baq , SWS ,a1-/* ]`S-W*j*yb1
b`1bn1-D 4+1-*yb1
Z1hSabbd SE ,4Y3ZE /*31 ]*aZmf aSbd*gSyD Ä*O
a,1`j*1b +Wd/1 L5 `SZeqO ]`SY1È Z1 ab*,*yb1an
Z*Y :B=E 5>MD Z*1/SZ1 , V,*`bS`1E /O
Y1 SWS ]`S]*`V,*ZZy
1 Z1hZE bE hb +ad3/*1baq , Y*jSZ1D
obY *+4*g1E bZaSbaq V ]`1/ab*,Sb1O
WqY +Sf ]W,D

/1 -`*Zn /4,W1ZZ-H 45

‘‘ Ãm a YSY 31ZSfY ,Y1ab1 hSb*1Y
aZ,*ZZm1 Z* S+WSS ab*bnS bYE
V*V f`*ZSbn g1WYd/`S1D Ãm g1ZSY obS

’’
a,1bmE ]aVWnVd ZS ]Y-*pb Z*Y
af`*Zqbn a,1abn hSaby Á1bSanq

ab*Z,S h1bVS1 -`*ZSgm
˚aWS bm a V1YOb ,ab`1h*1jnaqE V*V bm Y31jn
S4+13*bn Z1dY1abZ- ,m`*31ZSq hd,ab,H Ãd/` 4*`*O
Z11 dab*Z,Sbn h1bVS1 -`*ZSgm /4,W1ZZ-D `SbO
h*f 57B5> -,`SbaqB w a,1bdpkSfaq P Yd/`abnxD O
-,`S a a,SY S4+`*ZZSVY bYE V*VS1 ,m`*31ZSq
hd,ab, dY1abZmE * V*VS1 P Z1bD ˙3S/*bnaq SZbSYZy S
hd,ab,1ZZy +ab*Z,VSE hb+m /-,`Sbnaq ]`*,SO
W*fEP ob ,a1 `*,Z hb /3S/*bnaq ]3*`*E hb+m ]O
ab*,Sbn aS-Z*WS4*gSpD
4Y3ZE b1+1 +d/1b b`d/Z S Z1W,V +ad3/*bn b*O
Vy /1WSV*bZmy ,]`aE a+1ZZ 1aWS ,m bWnV Z*h*WS
,ab`1h*bnaqD Ä 1aWS 4*`*Z11 dab*Z,Sbn -`*ZSgm /4O
,W1ZZ-E Y3Z ]`1/b,`*bSbn ,4ZSVZ,1ZS1 a1`n14O

]W*Z /1yab,SyI
ÃZ1 +d/1b W1-h1 ab`ZSbnaq SaVdj1ZSyE 1aWS qDDD
ı ..........................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................

˚aWS h1W,1VE a Vb`mY q ,ab`1h*panE aVWZq1b
Y1Zq V Z1hSabmY ]abd]V*YE qDDD
..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................

b*W +m bm /3S/*bnaq ]3*`*E hb+m ]ab*,Sbn
aS-Z*WS4*gSpH -/* Z1 /3S/*yaq ]mWVSf
ab`*ab1yE hb+m dab*Z,Sbn -`*ZSgm
/4,W1ZZ-

Zmf ]`+W1YD *4dYZm1 -`*ZSgm Y3Z a`*,ZSbn a /1O
b1Vb`Y /mY*E Vb`my ]`S ]1`,Y ]`S4Z*V1 ]3*`*
]/*ab aS-Z*WD bYd 31 ,*j1 dY1ZS1 +ad3/*bn b*VS1
,]`am a,S/1b1Wnab,d1b bYE aY31b1 WS ,m , +d/dO
k1Y /abS-*bn ,4*SY]ZSY*ZSqD 1/n /Wq b- hb+m ,
+`*V1 a1Vad*WnZm1 bZj1ZSq ]`SZaSWS d/,W1b,`1O
ZS1 S `*/abnE Z1+f/SYm b*VS1 V*h1ab,*E V*V a*Y+O
W*/*ZS1E b1`]1ZS1 S +1aV`mabS1 L5 `SZeqZ*Y ;B7E 8MD
1aa]`ZE ]`S/1`3S,*bnaq 3nSf Z`Y ]`*,1/ZO
abS Z1W1-VD /Z*V bm Y31jn /,1`qbn a,1bd 1-O
,mD a*SS 8<B5; -,`SbaqE hb - wdhSb b1+q ]W14O
ZYdE ,1/1b b1+q ] bYd ]dbSE ] Vb`Yd b1+1 Zd3Z
S/bSxD 1-,* 31W*1b b1+1 bWnV a*Y- Wdhj1-I

Á˚˙ (#˚• Á ˚ ˙1,ab,1ZZabn ,,a1 Z1 a,S/1b1Wnab,d1b
b,1y Z1]WZg1ZZabSD Ä*+`bE ob Yd/`my ,m+`D
4Z*y ]h1YdD
O ˚Ã H

˘ *VS1 +m bm dab*Z,SW -`*ZSgm , bZj1ZSS
]`SVaZ,1ZSy V h1W,1Vd ]`bS,]W3Z- ]W*H

˘ +lqaZSE , h1Y `*4ZSg* Y13/d +Wd/YE Z1hSabby
S `*a]dbZmY ],1/1ZS1YD

/1 -`*Zn /4,W1ZZ-H 47

5
˛*h1Y 3/*bn
/ +`*V*H
Ã1Zq ]abqZZ aVWZqpb ]]`+,*bn a1VaD 1WWS
ÃZ1 ab`*ZZE hb q 1k1 Z1 +mW a /1,djVyD ˙3`/Z

w % E 1k1 /1,ab,1ZZSg*Hx w m / aSf ]` tY*WnO
hSVrHx /+Zm1 ,]àm Y-db ,m+Sbn d b1+q ]h,d S4O
]/ Z-D a,`1Y1ZZY +k1ab,1 Z* pZj1y S /1,dO
j1VE Vb`m1 Z1 a]1j*b `*aab*bnaq a /1,ab,1ZZabnpE
]`y aYb`qb V*V Z* +1Wmf ,`ZD Ä1d/S,Sb1WnZE hb
YZ-S1 YW/m1 Wp/S d31 , ]/àbV,Y ,4`*ab1 ]mO
b*pbaq ]`S+`1abS a1Vad*WnZmy ]mbD
˝1W*ZS1 S4Zdb`SE /*,W1ZS1 aZ*`d3S
˚aWS bm f`SabS*ZSZE b 4Z*1jn +S+W1yaVdp 4*]O
,1/n w,4/1`3S,*bnaq b +Wd/*x L5 1aa*WZSVSyg*Y

48 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm

V*VSYS +d/db `1*WnZm1 ]aW1/ab,SqH
Z1+`*hZmy a1Va h*ab V`*aS, ]`1]/ZaSbaqD ,S
a,1àbZSVSE * b*V31 SZ/dab`Sq `*4,W1h1ZSy W,V aV`m,*O
pb 1- Z1]`SqbZm1 ]aW1/ab,SqD b b`S bS]ShZm1 aSbd*gSSD
*V ]Ob,1YdE hb ]`S4y/1b Z* a*YY /1W1H
˘ ,y /ZVW*aaZSV f,*ab*1baqE hb d Z1- +mW YZ- /1O
,dj1VD Z -,`SbE hb ob wVW*aaZx S wZS d V- ZSV*VSf
]`+W1YxD Ä hb `1*WnZ ]`S4y/1b /*Wnj1 P
S a b1YS /1,djV*YSE S a ZSYH ı .............................................
..................................................................................................

˘ SWnY 4*V*ZhS,*1baq eS4Sh1aVy +WS4abnp /,df ,Wp+O
W1ZZmf ]/àbV,D b ]`S4jW +m /*Wnj1 , `1*WnO
ZabSH ......................................................................................
..................................................................................................

˘ m ]4Z*VYSW*an a V`*aS,mY ]*`Z1YE S Z aVWZq1b b1+q
V a1VadD Z -,`SbE hb + obY ZSVb Z1 d4Z*1bD ˚aWS +m
bm a-W*aSW*an S 4*fb1W* ob aV`mbnE V h1Yd +m ob ]`S,1W
, `1*WnZabSH ..........................................................................
..................................................................................................

8B7MD 1Y Z1 Y1Z11 b1+1 Y31b +mbn b`d/Z a/1`3S,*bn
a,S a1Vad*WnZm1 31W*ZSqD (Zj* ] SY1ZS W ]`SO
4Z*WaqB w `y YmaWS a1Va1 ,4ZSV*pb d Y1Zq , -WO
,1 +14 ,S/SYmf Z* b ]`ShSZxD Ä1 ,WZdyaqB , aZ,ZY
b*VS1 hd,ab,* Z`Y*WnZmD
Z1hZE Z1]`SqbZE V-/* Z*/ b+y S4/1,*pbaq S
aY1pbaq S4O4* b-E hb bm Z1 b`]Sjnaq a ]W,mO
YS bZj1ZSqYSD 1+qb* Y-db -,`Sbn b1+1E +d/b bm
wZ1 Yd3hSZ*x SWS w1k1 /1,hV*xE ]aVWnVd d b1+q ]O
V* Z1 +mW a1Vad*WnZ- ]mb*D 'WW1Z aV*4*W*B w ,1Ò
abZSVS ,mab*,Wqpb a1Va V*V hbOb ]SV*ZbZ1 S a,1Ò
j1ZZ 1ab1ab,1ZZ1D ˚aWS bm Z1 4*ZSY*1jnaq a1VaYE
b1+q ahSb*pb ab`*ZZmYxD

˛*h1Y 3/*bn / +`*V*H 49

Ã˚ ˛ "Á

aSe
aSe V*4*Waq , b`d/Zy aSbd*gSSD ˝1Z* 1-
-a]/SZ* d31 Z1 `*4 ]mb*W*an 1- a+W*4ZSbnD /O
Z*3/m Z* aZ,* ab*W* 1- d-,*`S,*bnD Ä aSe
b,1`/ `1jSW Z1 ]//*,*bnaqD Z b,1bSW 1yB w *V
31 q Y-d a,1`jSbn b*V1 ,1WSV1 4W S a-`1jSbn
]`bS, -*Hx Ä ob* 31ZkSZ* S aWdj*bn ZSh1- Z1
fb1W*C Z* /*31 af,*bSW* 1- 4* /13/dD aSe Z1
]abm/SWaq d+13*bnD Z /*31 ,maVhSW S4 /Y*E
]abd]S, V*V ,maVZ`*,ab,1ZZmy h1W,1V
L mbS1 7=B;P56MD
m Y31jn V*4*bnaq , ]/+Zy aSbd*gSSE V-/*
VbOb 4*fh1bE hb+m bm ]j1W Z* ],/d d a,Sf
a1Vad*WnZmf 31W*ZSyD b+m ]`bS,abqbn SYE
b`1+d1baq Z1 bWnV aSW* ,WSD W*,Z1 P ob 31W*O
ZS1 Z1 -`h*bn a,1- 4/*b1WqE 1-,d -*D
Ä1aYZ1ZZE d aSe*E V*V S d b1+qE +mWS a1Vad*WnO
Zm1 31W*ZSqD /Z*V Z Z1 /]daV*W S YmaWS bYE
hb+m d/,W1b,`Sbn Sf b*VE hb ob aV`+SW +m
4/*b1WqD *3ZE hb+m S bm +mW d+13/1ZB Z`*,O
ab,1ZZ*q Z1hSabb* aV`+Wq1b -* SE , VZ1hZY
ah1b1E WSj*1b /dj1,Z- a]Vyab,SqD obYd
ab`1YSan V Z`*,ab,1ZZy hSabb1 S af`*Zqy 11E
V*V aSeD

‘‘ ) ]YZp aW,* S4 'e1aqZ*Y 9B9E hb
tZSV*Vy +Wd/ZSVE Z1hSabmyDDD Z1 SY11b
Z*aW1/ab,* , g*àb,1r -*E S ob ]YO

’’
-*1b YZ1 a]`bS,Wqbnaq SaVdj1ZSp
a,1`jSbn +14Z`*,ab,1ZZabn ÁS/Sq

Ä b,S a,1àbZSVSE aV`11 ,a1-E Z1 +`*k*pb ,ZSO
Y*ZSq Z* bE hb 1abn +`*bZ*q ab`Z* Y1/*WSD Ä*]`SO
Y1È Ã*`SqE d Vb`y +mWS ]W,m1 bZj1ZSq a 11
]*`Z1YE `*aaV*4*W*B w bY q Sa]mbm,*W* aYdk1ZS1 S
abm/D ) Z1Z*,S/1W* S 1-E S a1+qxD ob ]`Saf/Sb h*O
k1E h1Y /dY*pb YZ-S1 ]/àbVSD Ä* a*YY /1W1 /O
+`*hZmy a1Va h*ab ,m4m,*1b /dj1,Zdp +Wn S SY11b
-d+Sb1WnZm1 ]aW1/ab,SqD
w˛*h1Y b-/* - Z*/1WSW Z*a a1Vad*WnZmYS 31W*O
ZSqYSE 1aWS / ,abd]W1ZSq , +`*V Sf Z1Wn4q d/,W1b,O
`qbnHx *Vy `14ZZmy ,]à 4*/*W* /1,djV* ] SY1O
ZS "*Z/*D ˙*,*y ]`*aad3/*1YB
*4,1 a1Vad*WnZ1 ,W1h1ZS1 P 1/SZab,1ZZ1 S4
aSWnZmf 31W*ZSyE Vb`m1 d b1+q ,4ZSV*pbH O
Z1hZE Z1bD 1-,* - a4/*W b1+q a a]a+Zabnp SaO
]mbm,*bn `*4WShZm1 31W*ZSq S hd,ab,*D b1]1`n ]O

?
/dY*yB
˙W31Z WS bm a`*4d 31 ˛Ä ˚"& Á %DDD
d/,W1b,`qbn Wp+m1 a,S
31W*ZSq S ]`m,mH Ä1bD b ]`S,mV V a1VadO
- b*V31 /*W b1+1 ,4Y3O *WnZmY ,WnZabqY
Zabn VZb`WS`,*bn a,S / +`*V*E +mhZ
/1yab,SqD Z1 S4Y1Zq1b a,SY
]`S,mhV*Y S ]aW1
*Vy Y3Z a/1W*bn ,mO
a,*/n+mD Z*]`bS,E
,/H 4Y3ZE b1 SWS SZm1 Vb ]`S/1`3S,*Waq
31W*ZSq ,4ZSV*pb d b1+q Z`*,ab,1ZZmf Z`Y
‹
Z1]`S4,WnZE Z hb bm -* / +`*V*E aV`11
+d/1jn /1W*bnE V-/* ZS ]O ,a1-E +d/1b ,1`1Z a,O
q,qbaqEP 4*,SaSb b b1+qD 1Yd a]dbZSVd 3S4ZSD
//*,*bnaq V*3/Yd a1VO
ad*WnZYd ]`m,d b*V 31

˛*h1Y 3/*bn / +`*V*H 51

Z1]`*,SWnZ S -Wd]E V*V +Sbn V-Ob ,aqVSy `*4E V-O
/* bm 4WSjnaqD
˙1W , bYE hb - ZSV-/* Z1 fb1WE hb+m Ym
Z1/abyZ ]Wn4,*WSan a,SYS /1b`/ZmYS `-*O
Z*YSD -W*aZ S+WSSE ,Wq -* , bYE whb+m V*3O
/myDDD 4Z*WE V*V ,W*/1bn a,SY aad/Y b1WY€ , a,qbO
abS S h1abSx L5 1aa*WZSVSyg*Y 8B8MD *V 1abn w,`1Yq
Wp+Sbn S ,`1Yq Z1Z*,S/1bnxE b*V 1abn ,`1Yq WS+ d/,O
W1b,`qbn a,S a1Vad*WnZm1 31W*ZSqE WS+ Z1b L'VVW1O
4S*ab 7B5P<MD VZ1hZY ah1b1E bm a*Y f4qSZ a,Sf
31W*ZSyI
V*V +mbnE 1aWS VbOb Z*aY1f*1baq S a d/S,W1ZSO
1Y a]`*jS,*1bB w b1+q hbE ]`*,/* / aSf ]` tZSVO

Ä
- Z1 +mWrHx Ä1 /*y ]`S,1O
˚ abS a1+q , ab`*f S aYqb1ZS1D
˚aWS b1+q ]àb fbqb dZSO
4+1-*y +k1ZSq a b1YSE 4SbnE bm Y- +m b,1bSbnB
d V- Z1b b,1`/mf YO w˙*D 4Z*1jn hb P ob
`*WnZmf ]`SZgS],E Y1 `1j1ZS1 S q obYd `*/Ix
/*31 1aWS ZS db,1Ò WS Y3Z aV*4*bnB w'b
3/*pbE hb `*4/1Wqpb Y1 WShZ1 /1WD ) Z1 fO
b,S ,1`,*ZSqD hd ob +ad3/*bnx1 L `ShbS
6:B8C WaaqZ*Y 8B:MD YO
31bE bm `1jSjnE hb a h1WO
,1VY abSb ]`/W3Sbn `*4-,`D -/* `*aaV*3S 1Yd
a,Sf aZ,*ZZmf Z* S+WSS d+13/1ZSqfD
*V +m bm 1k1 Y- b,1bSbn Z* ,]à bS]*B w b1+q
hbE ]`*,/* / aSf ]` tZSV- Z1 +mWrHx Ä*]SjSD
ı ..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................

1ZZmy /*`
*V - bZaSbaq V ]W,mY bZj1ZSqY / +`*O
V*H `1/ab*,nE hb bm Vd]SW /Wq /`d-* ]/*`VD Ä
]`13/1 h1Y bm 1- ]/*`SWE Z S4 Wp+]mbab,* bV`mW
1 Zb1`1aZE hb Sada `1jSW Z1 b,1h*bn Z* `*aa]àm `/* LÁdO
VS 67B<E =MD -/* b1+q ]`,gS`dpbE V*V ]`*,SWE Wdhj1 ]àb YWO
h*bnD

52 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm '
' ˚Ã
˚Ã ˝˚
˝˚ ˚# ˚ )
˚# ˚ )
Ã˚ 5E Á ˚ 68
Ã˚ 5E Á ˚ 68

r˚aWS VbObDDD , a,1Y a1`/g1 `1jSW

=
af`*Zqbn a,p /1,ab,1ZZabnE
b Z ]abd]*1b f`jsD
5 `SZeqZ*Y ;B7;
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

1-D `SqbZ WS b1+1 +d/1bH b1]1`n ]/dY*yE hb ]O
hd,ab,d1b -E 1aWS bm `*Znj1 ,`1Y1ZS ,abd]Sjn , ]O
W,m1 bZj1ZSqD Z fh1bE hb+m bm `*/,*Waq obYd
/*`d bWnV ]aW1 ,abd]W1ZSq , +`*V L mbS1 5B6<MD
Ä hb 31 /1W*bnE 1aWS bm hd,ab,d1jn ]W,1 ,W1O
h1ZS1H `bV -,`qE Zd3Z Z*dhSbnaq 1- a/1`3SO
,*bnD 1+1 ob ]/ aSWdI ÃWSan 1-,1 ]YkSD ˚-
/df ]Y31b b1+1 ]`q,Wqbn a*Y+W*/*ZS1 L *W*b*Y
9B66E 67MD Ä*]YSZ*y a1+1E hb wb f/qkSf , +14d]`1hO
ZabS 1-,* Z1 ab*Z1b d/1`3S,*bn /+`1x L a*WY
<8B55MD (Zj* ] SY1ZS `/Z aV*4*WB w *V bWnV
YZ1 Z*hSZ*1b V*4*bnaqE hb a1Va / +`*V* P ob Z1 b*V

]W*Z /1yab,SyI
b+m af`*ZSbn g1WYd/`S1 / +`*V*E
YZ1 Zd3ZDDD

ı .................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................

˚aWS Yy V`d- +k1ZSq Y1j*1b YZ1 af`*Zqbn
, obY b,1`/abnE qDDD
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

abd]Sbn , ]W,dp a,q4n
/ +`*V* P b 31 a*Y1E
hb bV`mbn ]/*`VE Vb`my
b1+1 1k1 Z1 ]/*`SWS

d3 ]WfE q bdb 31 /dY*p
]WfSf /df,Zmf ]aW1/ab,SO
qfD VZ1hZY ah1b1E ZS /Z
-`1f,Z1 Z*aW*3/1ZS1 Z1 abO
Sb YSf bZj1ZSy a 1-,yxD
adbSE /1,ab,1ZZabn Z1 1abn hbOb ab`*ZZ1
SWS Z1Z`Y*WnZ1D 1Va / +`*V* P ,b hb dZS4SO
b1WnZE aV`+Sb1WnZ S ]*aZD dabn b1+q Z1 +Y*O
Z1b YSàV*q ]`]*-*Z/*E Vb`*q ]mb*1baq ,ZdjSbnE
+d/b a b+y hbOb Z1 b*VE 1aWS bm ]`S/1`3S,*O
1jnaq +S+W1yaVSf ]`SZgS],D f`*Zqq g1WYd/O
`S1 / +`*V*E bm af`*ZSjn a,1 eS4Sh1aV1 S /dj1,O
Z1 4/`,n1E * a*Y1 -W*,Z1 P f`jS1 bZj1ZSq a
-YD

O ˚Ã H

˘ h1Yd Z*/ ]/àbV*YSE b,1`-*pkSYS
Z1]`SabyZm1 ]`1/W31ZSqE ]`y Z*aY1f*pbaqH

˘ h1Yd Z1W1-V af`*Zqbn Z`*,ab,1ZZdp hSabbdH

˘ h1Yd abSb af`*Zqbn g1WYd/`S1 / +`*V*H

˘ *V +m bm +lqaZSW ob YW*/j1Yd +`*bd SWS a1ab`1H

54 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm

1 Ä "˚Ä ) Á

Yy /Z1,ZSV
˚aWS bm /dY*1jn +`*V1E 4*]SjS /,* a*Ymf
-W*,Zmf V*h1ab,*E Vb`m1 bm fb1W +m ,S/1bn
, a]dbZSV1 3S4ZSE S +lqaZSE ]h1Yd bm g1ZSjn
obS V*h1ab,*D ˚aWS bmE ] V`*yZ1y Y1`1 ,`1Y1ZZE
fh1jn ab*,*bnaq +14+`*hZmYE b 4*]SjS
/,* ]`1SYdk1ab,* +14+`*hSqD

ı

55

˚ ˚Ã˚Ä%
˝ ˛Ä 2
`1,3Sb WS b1+q bE
V*V `*4,S,*1baq ı
b,y `-*ZS4YH O ˙* O Ä1b
d,ab,d1jn WS bm
, a,q4S a ]1`1f/ZmY
,4`*abY /SZh1ab,E
`*ab1`qZZabn
SWS ab`*fH O ˙* O Ä1b
/W1,*pb WS b1+q
YmaWS ]`bS,O
]W3ZY ]W1H O ˙* O Ä1b

˚aWS Z* Z1Vb`m1 S4 obSf ,]`a, bm
b,1bSW w/*xE Z1 ]1`13S,*y P a b+y ,a1 ,
]`q/V1D a*YY /1W1E eS4Sh1aVS1 S oYO
gSZ*WnZm1 S4Y1Z1ZSqE Vb`m1 a b+y
]`Saf/qbE Y-db ,m4m,*bn `*/abnE dZmO
ZS1 S 1k1 g1Wmy `q/ hd,ab,D m 31 ,a1-/*
fb1W ab*bn ,4`aWmYI 1]1`n obb ]`g1aa
Z*h*WaqE SE ,4Y3ZE hbOb b1+q ]d-*1bD
W*,m :P< ]Y-db b1+1 */*]bS`,*bnaq
V ]`Saf/qkSY ]1`1Y1Z*YD

57

6

b a YZy
]`Saf/SbH

) +mab` àE /Z*V S4O4* ob- Sa]mbmO
,*W +WSD Z1hZE +mW 4/`,E hb q ab*O
Z,SWaq ,maVSYE Z d Y1Zq +mWS ad/`-S
, Z-*fD ) hd,ab,,*W a1+q d3*aZD W*Z
m 4Z*1jnE hb b,q ,Z1jZabn Y1Zq1bO
aqE Z Z*/11jnaqE hb /`d-S1 ob- Z1 4*Y1O
h*pbD ]bY V*V*qOb /+`*q b1bq
dV*4m,*1b Z* b,S jS`VS1 +1/`*
S -,`SbB w /f/qk*q eS-d`* /Wq
+d/dk1y Y*YhVSIx V,4n 41YWp
]`,*WSbnaq +mI "*Z1Wn

˚ ˚˚˛˝ Á WS bm V-/*OZS+d/n
, /`d-y -`/H Ä*,1`Z1E +mO
W b`d/ZE ]aVWnVd ]`SjWan
aY1ZSbn /Y S jVWdE * b*V31
`*aab*bnaq a /`d4nqYSD Äd3Z
+mW ,`1YqE hb+m ]`S,mVZdbn
V Z,y a`1/1D
1`1f/Zmy ,4`*ab P
ob ,`1YqE V-/* bm
ab*Z,Sjnaq ,4àO
WmY S a b+y ]Ò

Saf/qb -`YZm1 ]1`1Y1ZmD +`*4Z -,`qE bm ]1O
`1143*1jn , Z14Z*VYmy -`/D WZSb1WnZH ˚k1
V*VI 1`1f/ V 4`1WabS ,m4m,*1b aY1j*ZZm1 hd,O
ab,*E S V Z,mY +abqb1Wnab,*Y +m,*1b b`d/Z
]`S,mVZdbnD V*VSYS S4Y1Z1ZSqYS a,q4*Z obb
SZb1`1aZmyE Z , b 31 ,`1Yq +1a]VyZmy ]1`S/
3S4ZSH
WnV /Wq /1,h1V
/àbV,my ,4`*ab P ,`1Yq +WnjSf ]1`1Y1ZD
Ä1Vb`m1 S4 ZSf aSWnZ ,WSqpb Z* ,Z1jZabnD Ä*O
]`SY1È -`YZm abSYdWS`dpb àb ,Wa , +W*O
abS -1ZSb*WSyD m b*V31 4*Y1h*1jnE hb d b1+q `*ab1b
-`d/nE +1/`* S q-/SgmD m d31 Z1 ]f3* Z* `1+1ZV*E
b,1 b1W ]`S+`1b*1b +W11 31Zab,1ZZm1 h1`b*ZSqD
1a]VSbnaq Z1 abSbE ,a1 ob a,1`j1ZZ Z`Y*WnO
ZD *VS1 ]1`1Y1Zm a,S/1b1Wnab,dpbE hb b,y `-*O
ZS4Y -b,Sbaq V ,`1Y1ZSE V-/* bm aY31jn ab*bn
Y*YyD
aV`1 ]aW1 ob- d b1+q Z*hZ1baq Y1Zab`d*WnZmy
gSVWD ˚aWS V obYd Z1 ]/-b,SbnaqE b ]1`,*q Y1ZO
ab`d*gSq Y31b b1+q Z*]d-*bnD b hb `*aaV*4*W*
*Y*Zb*B w -/* d Y1Zq Z*h*WSan Y1aqhZm1E q +mW* 4*O
abS-Zdb* ,`*a]WfD d,ab,dq a1+q -`q4ZyE q , ,*ZZy
a +`14-WS,abnp b1`W* a1+q Yh*WVyD ÃmaWn bYE
hb b*VS1 Ydh1ZSq +d/db ],b`qbnaq V*3/my Y1aqg
S4 -/* , -/E ]`S,/SO
W* Y1Zq , d3*aIx

`k*bnaq a /1bab,Y P
ob aW,Z d143*bn S4
`/Z- -`/*D Ä
]`Sa]a+Sbnaq Y3Z
59

YZS ,a1 31E hb Y1Zab`d*WnZmy gSVW a,S/1b1WnO
ab,d1b `*4,SbSS , b,1Y `-*ZS4Y1 /1b`/Zmf
edZVgSyD fbq 1k1 ]`y/db -/mE ]`13/1 h1Y bm
+d/1jn -b,* V `3/1ZSp /1b1yE a1yh*a bm abSjn
Z* ]`-1 ,4àWy 3S4ZSD /Z*V Z*h*W Y1Zab`dO
*gSy Y31b ,m4,*bn , b,1y /dj1 aYqb1ZS1D ˙1,djO
V* ] SY1ZS 1WWS ]/1WSW*anB w `d/Z11 ,a1- +mO
W a ]1`1]*/*YS Z*ab`1ZSqD ) ]d-*W*anE V-/* ,1an

?
/1Zn +mW* Z* ]/l1Y1 S , bb
˛Ä ˚"& Á %DDD 31 ,1h1` ZS a b- ZS a a1O
- Z*hSZ*W* +14db1jZ `mO
W,1 a4`1,*ZS1 d /*bnxD
V-Ob Z*hSZ*1baq , <E
˚aWS b1+q /W1,*pb ]O
* d V-Ob , 58 W1b SWS
]431D ZqbS1 Z`Ym /+Zm1 hd,ab,*E Z*+1`San
, obY ,]à1 bZO b1`]1ZSqD ,`1Y1Z1Y bm
aSb1WnZD a ZSYS a]`*,SjnaqD YbO
`SE hb `*aaV*4*W* 6>OW1bO
Zqq ZZ1bbB w V*VyOb YO
Y1Zb q a4Z*W*E hb ab*Z,Wpan ,4àWy S hb
1-,* ]/*`SW YZ1 a]a+Zabn SY1bn /1b1yD *V1
a4Z*ZS1 ]`Sf/Sb Z1 a`*4dE S Z1Vb`mY /1,hV*Y
+m,*1b h1Zn b`d/ZE Z a ,`1Y1Z1Y a,mV*1jnaq a ]1O
`1Y1Z*YSxD
`Saf/qb WS a b+y d]YqZdbm1 ,mj1 eS4SWO
-Sh1aVS1 ]1`1Y1ZmH ˚aWS , a,q4S a obSY d b1+q 1abn
,]àmE 4*]SjS SfD ı .......................................................
..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................

WnV /Wq Y*WnhSV,
Y*WnhSV, ]1`S/ ]W,- a4`1,*ZSq a,qO
4*Z a 4Z*hSb1WnZmYS S4Y1Z1ZSqYS , ,Z1jZabSD
3* d b1+qE ,4Y3ZE ab*Z,Sbaq 3S`ZyE ]q,WqO
pbaq ]`mkS S d-`S1D w `mkS h1Zn `*4/`*3*pbEP
1 /+Z1 b*V31 ]`Saf/Sb a /1,djV*YSD +mhZ ]Y-*1b ]`*O
,SWnZmy df/ 4* V31yD

60 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm

‘‘ 1`1f/Zmy ,4`*ab ]`1]/ZaSb abWnO
V ap`]`S4,E hb ZSV-/* Z1 4Z*1jnE h1-
3/*bn b a,1- `-*ZS4Y* , aW1/dpkSy
`*4D Ä bm ,4àW11jn S dhSjnaq ]`SO

’’
ZSY*bn S /*31 ]`S,1bab,,*bn
]1`1Y1Zm ZZ1bb

aV*4*W 5<OW1bZSy Ã*`bSZEP ]`Sf/Sbaq a ZSYS +O
`bnaqE ob a*Y*q Z*abqk*q ,yZ*D Ä1 4Z*1jnE bO
abd]qb WS ZS V-/*OZS+d/nE ab*,qb WS j`*Ym S +dO
/db WS bb*WVS,*bn b b1+q Wp/1yxD
/`d-y ab`ZmE bm 4*Y1h*1jnE hb ab*Z,SjnO
aq +Wnj1E aSWnZ11E jS`1 , ]W1h*fD ]1`S/ ]W,O
- a4`1,*ZSq Z* Z-*fE -`d/SE WSg1 S ]/ YmjV*YS
`*abdb ,WamD ab*bSE VWSh1ab, ,Wa Z1 ]`1/1O
Wq1bE Z*aVWnV bm wZ*abqkSy Yd3hSZ*xD Wam P
ob ,a1- WSjn ,]à Z*aW1/ab,1ZZabSD
obY ,4`*ab1 Z1 ,a1 h*abS b1W* `*abdb a /SO
Z*V,y aVàbnpE ]obYdE ,4Y3ZE bm ,m-WqO
/Sjn Z1aVW*/ZmYD ˙d*yZ a dWm+Vy ,a]YSZ*1bB
w) +mW W,VE V*V 3S`*e Z* `WSV*fD *4*WanE aS-O
Z*Wm b Y4-* /f/SWS / YSf VZ1hZab1y bWnV
h1`14 Z1/1WpIx
]/àbV,Y ,4`*ab1 -Wa d b1+q ]ab1]1ZZ
ab*Z,Sbaq ZS31D Ä SZ-O
/* bm a`m,*1jnaq Z* w]1O
bdjSZmy V`SVxE Vb`my
˚
Ä
]`y aY1jSb V`d3*pO aVWnVd bm d31 Z1
kSfD Ä1 ]1`13S,*yE a ,`1O `1+1ZVE aW1/S 4* /13O
/yE hb+m Z1 ,m4m,*bn
Y1Z1Y -Wa ,m`,Zq1baqD Z1dY1abZ- ,ZSY*ZSqD
Ä*dhSan bZaSbnaq V a1O a1-/* /1,*yaq wa
+1 a pY`YE S bm +d/1jn aV`YZabnp S 4/`*,O
Y1Znj1 aYdk*bnaqD YmaWS1Yx L5 SYe1p
W,1 `*4,SbS1 aO 6B=MD
]`,3/*1baq d,1WSh1ZS1Y

b a YZy ]`Saf/SbH 61

=
r d/d f,*WSbn b1+qE ]bYd hb q a4/*Z
d/S,Sb1WnZ S ob ,Zdj*1b +W*--,1ZS1sD
a*WY 57=B58
˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙ ˙

]W,mf `-*Z, S ]q,W1ZS1Y VW ZSf ,WaD Ä*O
hSZ*1b ,m`*+*bm,*bnaq a1Y1ZZ*q 3S/VabnE a/1Ò
3*k*q YSWWSZm a]1`Y*b4S/,E Vb`m1 Sa]daV*O
pbaq , ,`1Yq ]W,mf aZj1ZSyD ]1`Y*b4S/
a]a+1Z ]W/b,`Sbn qyg1VW1bVd 31ZkSZmE , `1O
4dWnb*b1 h1- ]`Saf/Sb 4*h*bS1D
Y1`1 b- V*V , `-*ZS4Y1 +`*4d1baq a1Y1ZO
Z*q 3S/VabnE Z* bh*abS ]-Wk*1baq `-*ZS4YYE
bh*abS ,m,/Sbaq S4 Z1- , ,`1Yq aZ*D *VS1 ,m/1O
W1ZSq 1ab1ab,1ZZmD ZSf d]YSZ*1baq /*31 , S+O
WSS LÁ1,Sb 59B5:E 5;MD ZS dV*4m,*pb Z* bE hb b,S
]W,m1 `-*Zm edZVgSZS`dpb Z`Y*WnZ S bm /O
abS-*1jn 4`1WabSD
`Saf/qb WS a b+y d]YqZdbm1 ,mj1 eS4SO
W-Sh1aVS1 ]1`1Y1ZmH ˚aWS , a,q4S a obSY d b1+q
1abn ,]àmE 4*]SjS SfD ı ..............................................
..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................

*V a]`*,Sbnaq a Z,mYS hd,ab,*YS
Y1`1 /abS31ZSq ]W,y 4`1WabS d pZO
j1y S /1,dj1V ]`+d3/*1baq SZb1`1a V ]`bS,]O
W3ZYd ]WdD Ã*`bSZ `*aaV*4m,*1bB w ]1`1f/ZY
,4`*ab1 q ab*W 4*Y1h*bnE aVWnV ,V`d- V`*aSO
,mf /1,dj1VD 'b Y1Zq d-Z1b*WE b*V V*V q ]ZSY*WE
hb YZ1 1k1 `*Z 4*,/Sbn `Y*ZbSh1aVS1 bZj1O
ZSqxD bYE V*V a]`*,Sbnaq a b*VSYS hd,ab,*YSE bm
aY31jn ]`hSb*bn , 6=Oy -W*,1 oby VZS-SD ]O
V* Z*ab`yaq Z* bE hb+m dhSbnaq a/1`3S,*bn a,S
a1Vad*WnZm1 31W*ZSq L WaaqZ*Y 7B9MD *VSY +m

62 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm

V*V YZ1 ]-,`Sbn a1Va1
a ]*]y SWS Y*YyH
˚aWS d Y1Zq ,4ZSVZ1b ÃZ1 +m /dfd
,]à a1Va1E q ,`q/ WS Z1 f,*bSW 4*-,`Sbn
]y/d V `/Sb1WqYD 1b + obYD ˙1ZZSa
˛Z*VYm1 hd,ab,*H Z1hZE aSbd*gSq Z1]àb*qB d b1+q
1abn ,]àm a1Va1 S b,1bSbn Z* ZSf Y-WS +m `/Sb1WSE
Z b1+1 Y1Znj1 ,a1- fh1baq a]`*jS,*bn + obY d ZSfD
1+q YZ-1 ab*Z*,WS,*1bE Z*]`SY1`B
b ZS ]` Y1Zq ]/dY*pbH
w panE hb 1aWS 4*-,`p a ZSYSE b ,m4,d
V a1+1 ]/4`1ZSqx L˙31aaSV*MD
w ZS /dY*pbE hb bm ,1hZ +d/1jn pZy
S Z1,SZZyE Z abSb b1+1 4*-,`Sbn a1Va1E
S bm hbOb b1`q1jn , Sf -W*4*fx L 1bMD

b ZS aV*3dbH
w˙dY*pE hb abSb bWnV YZ1 bV`mbn `bE V*V
`/Sb1WS a/1W*pb ]a]1jZm1 ,m,/m S ]dabqbaq
, Z`*,dh1ZSqx L W`SqMD
wÃS `/Sb1WS Z1 Y-db aV`m,*bn a,Sf hd,ab,D
panE hb Z* WSg1 d ZSf a`*4d b`*4Sbaq d3*aD
) Z*hZd -,`SbnE * ]*]* bdb 31 ab*Z1b ahSZqbn
/dj1a]*aSb1WnZdp `1hnx L *Y1W*MD

Ä1 SabWVdpb WS ZS ]`1,`*bZ YS YbS,mH
w ZS Y-db b`1*-S`,*bn aWSjVY ab`D
Ä*hZ1baqB t b1+1 hbE ]`Sab*,*WSHr SWS
tÄ* b1+q /*,qb a,1àbZSVSHr YZ1 ]àb
Wp+]mbZx LÁS4*MD
w WnV 4*-,`p V*VYOZS+d/n Y*WnhSV1E
V*V ]*]* Y1Zq1baq , WSg1 S aZ,* ]`SZSY*1baq
4* Y1 ]W,1 ,a]Sb*ZS1D q /dY*pB t *E q ]àb
aV*4*W*E hb Z VW*aaZmy ]*`1ZnD Y1Zq S YmaWS
Z1 +mW ]` 4*Yd31ab, SWS a1Varx LÄ*abqMD

b a YZy ]`Saf/SbH 63

˚aWS ob b1+q fbn Z1YZ- db1jSbE b b,SY `/Sb1WqYE
,4Y3ZE b*V 31 Z1d/+Z -,`Sbn a1Va1 a b+yE V*V S
b1+1 a ZSYS I Ã31bE ob S +lqaZq1bE ]h1Yd :9 ]`g1Zb,
`/Sb1W1y , f/1 /Z- SaaW1/,*ZSq db,1`3/*WSE hb -,O
`SWS a a,SYS /1bnYS a1Va1E b-/* V*V bWnV 85 ]`g1Zb
/1b1y ]`S]YSZ*pb b*Vy `*4-,`D
*V hb b,S `/Sb1WSE ,4Y3ZE Z1 `1j*pbaq 4*-,O
`Sbn Z* obd b1YdD V`11 ,a1-E Sf `/Sb1WS ZSV-/* Z1
-,`SWS + obY a ZSYSI *V +m b ZS +mWE bZ1aSan V ZSY
a ]ZSY*ZS1YD Ã31b +mbnE ]1`,myE `1jSb1WnZmy j*- Y-
+m a/1W*bn bmD Ä V*VH

*V bV`mbn b1YdH
/Sb1WqY 1abn hb ],1/*bn b1+1 ] ,]à*Y a1Va*D
Ä*/ bWnV ]/+`*bn V ZSY VWphSVD b Z1Vb`m1 a,1bmB
5 +lqaZSE ]h1Yd bm +Sjnaq + obY 4*-,`SbnD
wÄ1 4Z*pE abSb WS -,`SbnD panE V*V +m bm
Z1 ]/dY*WE hb qDDDx
6 bY aV*3SE ]h1Yd bm `1jSW ]/ybS SY1ZZ
V ZSYD wÄ d Y1Zq 1abn ,]àE S q /dY*pE Wdhj1
a]`jd d b1+qE h1Y d V-Ob 1k1xD
7 1]1`n ]àb 4*/*y a,y ,]àD w) fhd
a]àSbnDDDx
8 ˛*VZhS `*4-,` b*VE hb+m ]bY +mW W1-V
V Z1Yd ,1`ZdbnaqD wÃ3ZE 1aWS hbE Ym ]qbn
]-,`SY + obYHx
mE VZ1hZE S b*V 4Z*1jnE hb ZS aV*3dbB wÃ3ZxD
ÄE a]àS, + obYE bm ab*,Sjn ,4Y3Zabn ,1`Zdbnaq
V +1a1/1D b*VE ]]`+dyI Ã31bE , Sb-1 bm a-W*aSjnaq
a `SZyE Vb`y a1yh*a 68 -/*D Z* ,a]YSZ*1bB w -/*
Ym a Y*Yy ab*WS -,`Sbn Z* obd b1YdE q ]/dY*W*E hb
Wdhj1 +m Ym Z1 Z*hSZ*WS obb `*4-,`D Ä b1]1`n q `*/*E
hb Y*Y* -,`SW* a YZy ]`qY S bV`,1ZZD Ã1Zq ob
d+1`1-W b YZ-Sf ]`+W1YIx

64 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm

b`d/ZmY b1+1 ob ZS V*4*WanE +d/n d,1`1Z P ob ,4O
Y3Z I
]1`S/ ]W,- a4`1,*ZSq bm ,mZd3/1Z +O
`bnaq S a /`d-SYS hd,ab,*YSD Ä*]`SY1È a hd,ab,Y
4*ZS31ZZy a*Yg1ZVSD `1Y1Z*YS Y31b Z*fWmO
Zdbn /SZh1ab,E dZmZS1 S baV*D b*VSf aWdh*qf
+mW +m Z1]Wf ]-,`Sbn a `/Sb1WqYS SWS 1k1
a V1YOb S4 ,4àWmfE VYd bm /,1`q1jnD Ä*]SjSE
a V1Y bm Y- +m ]/1WSbnaq a,SYS hd,ab,*YSD
ı ..................................................................................................
*Y1 ,*3Z1 `*4,SbS1
Ä a*Y1 ,*3Z1 `*4,SbS1 a,q4*Z Z1 a WSgYE
eS-d`y SWS àbYE * a b,1y WShZabnp P a b,O
SY dYab,1ZZmYE oYgSZ*WnZmY SE ]`13/1 ,a1-E
/df,ZmY ab*Z,W1ZS1YD ]abW *,1W ]Sa*WB w -O
/* q +mW YW*/1Zg1YE b -,`SW V*V YW*/1Z1gE /dO
Y*W V*V YW*/1Z1gE `*aad3/*W V*V YW*/1Z1gE Z b1O
]1`nE ab*, Yd3hSZyE q `*aab*Waq a YW*/1Zh1aVSYx
L5 `SZeqZ*Y 57B55MD m,/ qa1ZB ]àb ,m-Wq/1bn

]W*Z /1yab,SyI
V* q ,4àW1pE YZ1 Z*/ +`*k*bn a+1
,ZSY*ZS1 Z* b*Vdp h1`bd f*`*Vb1`*E V*VDDD

ı .................................................................................................................................
b+m `*abS b*V31 /df,ZE qDDD

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................


.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

]O,4àWYd P Y*WD Äd3Z dhSbnaq ]O,4àWO
Yd ]abd]*bnE -,`Sbn S /dY*bnD Ä1 /*,*y 4*+b1
,Z1jZabS d,W1hn b1+q Z*abWnVE hb bm ]1`1ab*O
Z1jn d/1Wqbn ,ZSY*ZS1 a,1y ,Zdb`1ZZ1y adbSD
*V31 ]YZSE hb - w,S/Sb a1`/g1x L5 *YdSO
W* 5:B;MD S+WSS aV*4*ZE hb *dW +mW ,maO
VSY S V`*aS,mYE Z Z +mW Z1aabqb1WnZmY g*`1Y
S aV,1`ZmY h1W,1VY L5 *YdSW* =B6MD ˛*Vf1yE Z*O
+`bE +mW h1W,1VY wY*W1ZnV- àb*xE Z d Z1O
- f,*bSW ,Zdb`1ZZ1y aSWmE hb+m V`1ZZmY +`*O
4Y S4Y1ZSbn a,p 3S4Zn S ab*bn dh1ZSVY `Sab*
LÁdVS 5=B6P5>MD )aZE hb a*Y1 -W*,Z1 P V*Vy bm
,Zdb`SD
b*VE ,`1Yq Z1 ab*Z,Sbn S Z1 daV`SbnD O
obYd ab*`*yaq ,ab`1h*bn ]1`1Y1Zm Z1 a ab`*fY S
,`*3/1+ZabnpE * a /abSZab,Y S hd,ab,Y pYO
`*D 1`1f/Zmy ,4`*ab P ob Z1 +W14ZnD 1`14 Z1-
]`f/qb ,a1D *V hb Z1 aYZ1,*yaqB bm a]`*,Sjnaq
a b`d/ZabqYSE ]1`13S,1jn ob +1a]VyZ1 ,`1Yq S
ab*Z1jn ]WZg1ZZmY ,4àWmY h1W,1VYI

Á˚˙ (#˚• Á ˚ bE 1aWSE -Wq/q , 41`V*WE
bm a1+1 Z1 Z`*,SjnaqH *V ]`*,SWnZ bZaSbnaq
V a,1y ,Z1jZabSH

O ˚Ã H

˘ h1Yd b*V Z1W1-V a]`*,Wqbnaq a b`d/ZabqYS
]1`1f/Z- ,4`*ab*H

˘ h1Y b1+1 a]`*,Wqbnaq b`d/Z11 ,a1-H

˘ h1Yd , ]1`1f/ZY ,4`*ab1 b,q Wp+,n
V -d Y31b fW*/1bnE Z V*V ob-
Z1 /]dabSbnH

66 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm

7

Ä1Z*,S3d
a,p
,Z1jZabnD
*V YZ1
+mbnH

*ab WS bm Z1/,W1Z ı
a,1y ,Z1jZabnpH O ˙* O Ä1b

˙dY*W WS bm ]W*abSh1aVy
]1`*gSS SWS ab`-y /S1b1E
31W*q Sa]`*,Sbn V*VS1Ob
Z1/ab*bVS ,Z1jZabSH O ˙* O Ä1b
ab 1a
˚aWS +m bm Y-E hb +m bm S-d`* Wam
S4Y1ZSW , a1+1H L +,1/SDM ÁSg Wa

˚ Á Z* ]1`,m1 /,* ,]à* bm b,1bSW w/*xE * , b`1O
bn1Y ,]à1 +,1W b`S SWS +W11 aW,*E b ]dabn b1+q
db1jSb YmaWnE hb /`d-S1 ,`q/ WS aYb`qb Z* b1+q
b*V 31 ]`S/S`hS,E V*V bm a*YD 1`1ahd` +1a]Vqan
a,1y ,Z1jZabSE W1-V Y3Z ,]*abn , V`*yZabnD
-W*aZ /ZYd ]àdE Z*+`*bn WSjZS1 VSW-`*YO
Ym Z1Vb`m1 /1,djVS +qbaq +Wnj1E h1Y q/1`Zy
,yZmE `*V* S /*31 aY1`bS `/Sb1W1yI
14daW,ZE ,Z1jZabn ,WSq1b Z* a*Yg1ZVd S
Z* bZj1ZS1 V b1+1 /`d-Sf Wp/1yD 5=OW1bZqq Ã*`SO
Z* -,`SbB wÃS /,1 ab*`jS1 a1ab`m +mWS V`*a*O
,Sg*YSE * q +mW* ]dfW1ZnVyD
Ä*/ YZy h*ab Z*aY1f*WSan , ,1 a*Y,a]`SqbS1
jVW1D 1bq ,/+*,V ]`4,*O Y31b +mbn ]/+Z
W* Y1Zq t]ZhSVYrD hb fd31 b`*31ZSp , V`S,Y
41`V*W1
,a1- P b*V 31 Z* Z*4m,*W*
a,p bV`YW1ZZdp a+*hO
VdxD 5:OW1bZ1y (WS +mW
]/+Zmy aWdh*yD Z* `*aO
aV*4m,*1bB w /Z* /1,hZO
V* , jVW1 /`*4ZSW* Y1ZqE
-,`qE hb d Y1Zq 4d+m
V*V d V`WSV*D `/1 Y1O
WhnE Z Y1Zq ob b*V 4*/1O
WE hb q / aSf ]` VYO
]W1Vadp ] ],/d a,Sf
4d+,xD
1a]Vyab, SWS
]Y1j*b1Wnab,H
+1a]Vyab,1 a,1y
,Z1jZabS Z1b ZSh1- ]WO
f-D Zb1`1aZE hb , S+O
WSS V*V /Z S4 /abSZab,
*``mE *fSWSE aSe*E ˙*O
,S/*E ,S-1S Z*4m,*1baq Sf
V`*aS,*q ,Z1jZabnD S+O
WSS b*V31 -,`Sbaq /1,djV1

68 b,1bm Z* b,S ,]àm

‘‘ Ã1Zq /W- /`*4ZSWS ]dh1-W*4yD ) Z*O
dhSW*an +`*k*bn ,a1 , jdbVd S , b
31 ,`1Yq +mbn d,1`1ZZy , a1+1 S a,Sf
/abSZab,*fD ) aYS`SW*an a b1YE V*V

’’
q ,m-Wq3dE S ]`SZSY*p a1+q b*VyE
V*V*q 1abn 'Y+1`

] SY1ZS ,Sa*-*E Vb`*q +mW* wZ1+mh*yZ V`*aSO
,*x L5 *`1y 5B8MD
/Z*V YZ-S1 ]/`abVS aW,Z ]Y1j*WSan Z*
bYE V*V ZS ,m-Wq/qbD Ä1Vb`m1 /1,djVSE Z*O
]`SY1`E ,ZdjSWS a1+1E hb aSZZSY V`*abm P fdO
/+*D ,a1y ,S/SYabSE Z* Sf YmjW1ZS1 ,WSqO
pb +`*4m fd/k*,mf V`*a*,SgE Vb`mYS ]1ab`qb
-WqZg1,m1 3d`Z*WmD `*,/*E /1,djVS 4*+m,*pbE hb
obS eb-`*eSS +mWS /`*+b*Zm a ]Yknp VYO
]npb1`Z- YZb*3* S a]1goee1Vb, S hb obS
Y/1WS /W3Zm aS/1bn Z* -W/Zy /S1b1E hb+m aO
f`*ZSbn eS-d`dI ÄE a`*,ZS,*q a1+q a obSYS ebO
-`*eSqYSE /1,djVSE ,4Y3ZE ,]*/*pb , bh*qZS1D
b 31 /1W*bnE 1aWS b,q ,Z1jZabn b1+q -Wd+V d/O
`dh*1bH ˙Wq Z*h*W* Zd3Z ,4-WqZdbn Z* a1+q `1*WSO

?
abShZD
˛Ä ˚"& Á %DDD
`S,1 41`V*W
m V-/*OZS+d/n +m,*W , ]1gS*WSabm ]`1/dO
wVYZ*b1 aY1f*xH V`S,mf ]`13/*pbE hb 1aWS
41`V*W*f bm V*31jnaq WS+ Y`Sbn a1+q -W/Y
h1Zn bWabmYE WS+ bkSYD `*/S ]fd/1ZSqE b
*V SWS SZ*h1E b,1 b`*31O `-*ZS4Y Y31b ]1O
ZS1 Z1 ab,1bab,d1b `1*WnO `1ybS , wV`SbSh1aVSy
ZabSD `13SYx S 4*Y1/WSbn
+Y1Z ,1k1ab,D ]O
YZ-Sf YW/mf WpO b1`qZZmy ,1a ]bY
/1y ]`1/ab*,W1ZS1 a*YSf +mab` ,aab*Z,SbaqI
a1+1 Z*]YSZ*1b b`*31O
ZS1 , V`S,Y 41`V*W1D b

Ä1Z*,S3d a,p ,Z1jZabnD *V YZ1 +mbnH 69

Yp2 u

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Andere mochten auch

Andere mochten auch (12)

Yp2 u