HISTORY OF INDO-PAK WARS..... ACCURACY OF THE DATA ARE 75% ACCURATE AS PER ALL AVAILABLE REFERENCES......... SINCERE THANKS TO, GOOGLE,WIKIPEDIA , AND ALL WEBSITES PROVIDED INFORMATION.....

1. WAR OR PEACE
THE MISSION NEVER ENDS

6.  1947/OCTOBER/21 - 1948/DECEMBER/31
PASHTHOON TRIBE AND PAKISTHAN ARMY
INVADED KASHMIR
KASHMIR MAHARAJ - HARI SING REQUESTED INDIAN
HELP
HENCE INSTRUMENT OF ACCESION WAS SIGNED AND
KASHMIR BECAME A PART OF INDIA
INDIAN MILITERY WENT ON ACTION
DECCOTTA AIRCRAFTS OF INDIAN AIR FORCE
CARRYING ARMED PERSONALS LANDED
SREENAGAR

8. • INDIAN ARMY DEFENTEDTHE PAKISTHAN
INVASION
BARAMULLA , URI , DRASS SECTORS WERE
RECAPTURED
• IN 1947 NOVEMBER FIRST WEEK HIGH ALTITUDE
AREAS SURROUNDING POONCHTOWN WERE
OCCUPIED BY PAKISTHANITROOPS
•JAMMU KASHMIR RIFFLE TROOPERS (1400 IN
STRENGTH) ALONG WITH THE LOCAL KASHMIRI
VILLEGERS AND REFUGEES (AROUND 40,000)
FROM OTHER PAK OCCUPIED KASHMIR SECTORS
LEAD A SURRVIVAL MISSION AROUND ONE YEAR

9. •ON NOVEMBER 21 1948 BRG: PRITHAM SINGH
ALONG WITH 419 GHUMAYOON REGIMENT
SOLDIERS ENTERD POONCH
• UNDERTAKING THE COMMAND OF POONCH
SECTOR , HE ALONG WITH LOCAL SUPPORT
USED AVAILABLE RESOURCES TO
CONSTRUCT ADVANCE LANDIG GROUND
•BY DECEMBER SECOND WEEK 1948
DECCOTA AIRCRACTS OF IAF CAME FOR
RESCUE

10. •AROUND 2100 SQ KM AREA WAS RE CAPTURED
•THE CODE NAME GIVEN FOR THIS MISSION WAS
OPERATION EASY
AND
BRG: PRITHAM SINGH IS KNOWN AS
SAVIOR OF POONCH

14. • BY THE BEGINNING OF 1948 SKURD SECTOR
WAS CAPTURED BY PAKISTHAN
• FURTHERTHEY SET MARCHTO LEH
• TO DEFENDTHEM MAJOR : PRITHI CHAND
WITH DOGRA REGIMENTVOLENTERS (40 IN
NUMBER), SECCUAREDTHE ZOGI – LA PASS
ON MARCH 8

15. •DISREGARDING THE BONE FREESINGTEMPERATURE AND
HEAVY SNOW FALL ,THETEAM DEFENDEDTHE PAKISTHAN
INVASION
•INDIAN PRESSENCE IN KARGIL SECTOR WAS LIMITED
• UTTILISINGTHIS OPPORTUNITY PAK RIDERS (ATRIBEL
MILITERY GROUP) SUPPORTED BY HEAVY SHELLING INVADED
KARGIL ON 1948 MAY 10
• BUT THIS PROGRESS WASTEMPORARY
• ON 1948 NOVEMBER 23 , SOLDIERS OF GOORKHA RIFFELS
RECAPTURED KARGIL

16.  INORDERTO RECAPTURE ZOGI – LA , DRASS
SECTORS INDIAN ARMY PLANNED AN
OPERATION WICH WAS CODE NAMED AS
OPERATION BISON
 M 5TANKS WERE DISMANTILLED AND CARRIED
TOTHE WAR ZONE AND LATTER RECOMBINED
 ON 1 NOVEMBER 1948 INDIAN ARMY FACED
PAKISTHANITROOPS WITH 3.7 INCH GUNS AND
Q.F 25 POWNDER GUNS

17.  UN GENERAL COUNSIL ORDERD BOTH
COUNTRIES T O CEASE FIRE
 ON JANUARY- 1 – 1948 FIRST INDIA – PAK WAR
COMES TO AN END
 KASHMIR WAS TORN INTO 2 PARTS
AN END OF A WAR BUT A BEGINING OF
ANOTHER

18. KASHMIR AFTER 1948

19.  BORNED ON 1899 IN KARNATAKA
 IT WAS HIM WHO PLANNED THE OPERATION
BISON AND OPERATION EASY
 FOR HIS GREAT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE
ARMY HE WAS GIVEN THE RANK OF
FIELD MARSHEL

20. FIELD MARSHEL : K.M KARIYAPPA
(1899-1993)

21.  OPERATION GIBRALTER
 Pakistan believed that the population of
KASHMIR was generally discontented with
Indian rule and that a resistance movement
could be ignited by a few infiltrating saboteurs
 Pakistan attempted to ignite the resistance
movement by means of a covert infiltration,
codenamed OPERATION GIBRALTER

22. •On August 5, 1965 between 26,000 and 33,000
Pakistani soldiers crossed the LINE OF CONTROLL
dressed as Kashmiri locals headed for various areas
within Kashmir
•The Pakistani infiltrators were soon discovered,
however , their presence reported by local Kashmir's
and the operation ended in a complete failure.
•Indian forces, tipped off by the local populace, crossed
the cease fire line on August 15
•This mission was lead by MAJOR.GEN. AKTHAR
HUSSAIN MALIK & SSG COMMANDOS
.

23. • Initially,
The Indian Army met with considerable success,
capturing three important mountain positions after
a prolonged artillery barrage .
• By the end of August , however , both sides had
relative progress ; Pakistan had made progress in
areas such as Tithwal , Uri and Poonch and India
had captured the Haji Pir Pass , 8 km into Pakistan-
Administered Kashmir

25.  On 1 September 1965 , Pakistan
launched a counterattack , called
Operation Grand Slam , with the
objective to capture the vital town of
Akhnoor in Jammu , which would sever
communications and cut off supply
routes to Indian troops.

26. • Attacking with an overwhelming ratio of troops
and technically superior tanks , Pakistan made
gains against Indian forces , who were caught
unprepared and suffered heavy losses
• Indian Patton tanks ( French – A M S 13) suffered
heavy loss due to Pakistan's American made tank
attacks

28.  OPERATION GRAND SLAM WAS LEAD BY
MAJOR.GEN: AKTHAR HUSSAIN MALIK
 BUT ON SEPTEMBER 2 -1965 , PAK-PRESIDENT
AYOOB KHAN APPOINTED MAJOR.GEN:YAHYA
KHAN ASTHE COMMANDER OFTHE OPERATION
 THIS SUDDEN CHANGE INTHE COMMANDIG
CREATED A CONFUSION AMONG PAKISTHANI
FORCES
 THE OPERATIONWAS HAULTED FOR A DAY

29. •THIS CONFUSION GAVE 24 HOUR TIME TO THE
INDIAN MILITERY TO RE -ENFORCE
• ON SEPTEMBER - 3- 1965 , WHEN PAKISTHAN
RESUMED THE OPERATION THEY WERE DEFENTED
STONGLY BY RE- ENFORCED INDIAN FORCES
• PAK DEFEAT WAS SERTAIN
•ON SEPTEMBER-6-1965 INDIAN ARMY OPENED A
NEW PHASE TO THE WAR
•INDIAN FORCES CROSSED THE LOC OVER
PUNJAB

30. • PAKISTHAN INORDER TO DEFEND INDIAN INVASION
OVER PUNJAB HAD TO WITHDRAW FORCES FROM
KASHMIR
• HENCE OPERATION GRAND SLAM
FAILED

31.  ON SEPTEMBER 6 INDIAN FORCES LEAD BY
MAJOR.GEN:PRASAD CROSSED LOC OVER
PUNJAB
 THEY CAPTURED LAHORE AND SURROUNDING
PLACES WITHIN 3 DAYS
 INDIAN FORCES COVERING AN DISTANCE OF 130
KM AHEAD LAHORE , FAUGHT WITH PAKISTHAN
ARMY FOR CONTINEOUS 6 DAYS IN SIALKOTT
(17-22)

34.  225 INDIANTANKS OF 1 ARMOR DIVISION
REACHED CHAVIND IN SIALKOTT
DISTRICT
 THE MISSION WAS TO TAKE CONTROLL
OF GRAND TRUNK ROAD AND BREAK
PAKISTHANI SUPPLY LINES
 BUT PAKISTHAN DEFEATED INDIAN
ATTEMPWITH 282 TANKS

35.  ON SEPTEMBER 8 PAKISTAN’S 1ARMOUR
DIVISSION ONTHE MISSIONTO CAPTURE
AMRITHSIR FOUGHTWITH INDIAN FORCES IN
KHENKHARAN VILLAGE IN PUNJAB
 INDIAN FORCES SURROUNDEDTHE ENEMY
FROM 3 SIDES AND FOUGHT
 THIS BATTLE WAS CALLED ASSAL UTTHAR
( RIGHT ANSWER)

36. • AROUND 97 PAKISTHANI TANKS WERE DISTROYED
SEVERAL OTHER CAPTURED
• CAPTURED PAKISTHANI TANKS ARE STILL EXIBITTED
•THE LAND WHICH BECAME THE SEMETRY OF PAK
TANKS ARE STILL KNOWN AS PATTON NAGAR
• PARVES MUSHEREF , FORMRE PAK MILITERY
GENERAL AND PRESIDENT FOUGHT THIS BATTLE AS
A LEUTANENT

42. • DISTROYED 7 PAKISTHANI TANKS ALONE USING
RECOIL LEAD GUN
• HIS MATRYDOM WAS PRAISED BYTHE COUNTRY
BY OFFERING
PARAMVIR CHAKRA

43.  The war saw aircraft of the Indian Air Force
(IAF) and the Pakistan Air Force (PAF)
engaging in combat for the first time since
independence
 The IAF was flying large numbers of
Hawker Hunter, Indian-manufactured
Folland Gnats, de Havilland Vampires, EE
Canberra bombers and a squadron of MiG-
21s.

44. • The PAF's fighter force comprised 102 F-86F Sabres and
12 F-104 Starfighters, along with 24 B-57 Canberra
bombers. During the conflict the PAF was out-numbered
by around 5:1.
• The two countries have made contradictory claims of
combat losses during the war and few neutral sources
have verified the claims of either country.The PAF claimed
it shot down 104 IAF planes and lost 19 of its own, while
the IAF claimed it shot down 73 PAF planes and lost 59

45. PAK F 86 SABER

46. Indian Folland Gnat on display at the PAF Museum
Gallery.

47.  INORDER TO DISTROY IAF BASES , PAK SPECIAL
SERVICE GROUP COMMANDOS WERE PARA
DROPPED OVER HALVARA , PATHANCODE AND
ADHAM PUR ON SEPTEMBER 7
 THIS MISSION WA S A FAILURE 20 COMMANDOS
WERE KILLED , 93 WERE CAPTURED AND OTHER
22 ESCAPED TO PAKISTHAN

48.  ON SEPTEMBER 7 COSTEL TOWN , DWARAKA IN
GUJARATH WAS ATTAKED BY PAK NAVY
 7 MISSILE BOATS FROM KARACHI PORT TOOK
PART IN THE MISSION
 THEIR OBJECTIVE WAS THE INDIAN RADAR
STATIONS IN THE TOWN
 BUT THE ATTAK WAS NOT ENOUGH TOTAMPER
THE RADAR STATIONS

49.  DUE TO THE CONTINEUS EFFORTS OF
UNITED STATES & SOVEIT UNION ,THE
SECOND INDIA - PAK WAR CAME TO AN END
 ON 22 -SEPTEMBER 1965 UN SECURITY
COUNCIL ORDERD CEASE FIRE BETWEEN
BOTH COUNTRIES
 ON THE VERY NEXT DAYTHEWAR COMES
TO AN END

50. • ON 1966 JANUARY 10 THE PEACE TREATY WAS
SIGNED BY INDIAN PRIME MINISTER LAL BAHADUR
SHASTRI AND PAK PRESIDENT MUHAMMED AYOOB
KHAN AT THASHKENT
• BOTH COUNTRIES HAVE TO RETURN TO THE
PRE WAR LOC BEFORE 25 FEBRUARY WASTHE
MAIN POINT INTHE AGREEMENT
• ON THE VERY NEXT DAY AFTER SIGNINGTHE
TREATY P.M LAL BAHADUR SHASTRI DIED DUETO
HEAR ATTACK

51. •THE AREAS CAPTURED BY EACH OTHER WAS
GIVEN BACK
•INDIA HAD CAPTURED 1840 sq KM AREA AND
PAKISTHAN HAD CAPTURED 540 sq KM AREA
•INDIA LOST 3000 &PAKISTHAN LOST 3800 MEN

53.  The Bangladesh Liberation war ignited after the 1970
Pakistani election, in which the East Pakistani Awami
League won 167 of 169 seats in East Pakistan and
secured a simple majority in the 313-seat lower house of
the Parliament of Pakistan. Awami League leader
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman presented the Six Points to the
President of Pakistan and claimed the right to form the
government. After the leader of the Pakistan Peoples
Party, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, refused to yield the
premiership of Pakistan to Mujibur, PresidentYahya
Khan called the military, dominated by West Pakistanis,
to suppress dissent

54. • Mass arrests of dissidents began , and
attempts were made to disarm East Pakistani
soldiers and police. After several days of strikes
and non-cooperation movements , the Pakistani
military cracked down on Dhaka on the night of
25 March 1971. The Awami League was banished
, and many members fled into exile In India.
Mujib was arrested on the night of 25–26 March
1971 at about 1:30 a.m. (as per Radio Pakistan’s
news on 29 March 1971) and taken to West
Pakistan. The next action carried out was
Operation Searchlight , an attempt to kill th e
intellectual elite of the east.

55. •On 27 March 1971, Ziaur Rahman, a major in the
Pakistani army, declared the independence of
Bangladesh on behalf of Mujibur. In April, exiled
Awami League leaders formed a government-in-
exile in Baidyanathtala of Meherpur.The East
Pakistan Rifles, a paramilitary force, defected to
the rebellion. Bangladesh Force namely Mukti
Bahini consisting of Niyomito Bahini (Regular
Force) and Gono Bahini (Guerilla Force) was formed
under the Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C) General
Mohammad Ataul Ghani Osmany

56.  The Pakistan army conducted a widespread
genocide against the Bengali population of East
Pakistan,aimed in particular at the minority Hindu
population,[leading to approximately 10 million
people fleeing East Pakistan and taking refuge in
the neighbouring Indian statesThe East Pakistan-
India border was opened to allow refugees safe
shelter in India.The governments of West Bengal,
Bihar, Assam, Meghalaya andTripura established
refugee camps along the border.The resulting flood
of impoverished East Pakistani refugees placed an
intolerable strain on India's already overburdened
economy.

57. • General Tikka Khan earned the nickname 'Butcher of
Bengal' due to the widespread atrocities he committed
•The Indian government repeatedly appealed to the
international community , but failing to elicit any
response , Prime Minister Indira Gandhi on 27 March 1971
expressed full support ofer government for the
independence struggle of the people of EAST
PAKISTHAN
•The Indian leadership under Prime Minister Gandhi
quickly decided that it was more effective to end the
genocide by taking armed action against Pakistan than to
simply give refuge to those who made it across to refugee
camps

58. • Exiled East Pakistan army officers and members of the
Indian Intelligence immediately started using these camps
for recruitment and training of Mukti Bahini guerrillas
• The mood inWest Pakistan had also turned increasingly
jingoistic and militaristic against East Pakistan and India.
By the end of September, an organised propaganda
campaign, possibly orchestrated by elements within the
Government of Pakistan, resulted in stickers proclaiming
Crush India becoming a standard feature on the rear
windows of vehicles in Rawalpindi, Islamabad and Lahore
and soon spread to the rest of West Pakistan. By October,
other stickers proclaimed Hang theTraitor in an apparent
reference to Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

59.  On 23 November,Yahya Khan declared a state
of emergency in all of Pakistan and told his
people to prepare for war.
 India responded by starting a massive buildup
of Indian forces on the border with East
Pakistan.The Indian military waited until
December, when the drier ground would make
for easier operations and Himalayan passes
would be closed by snow, preventing any
Chinese intervention.

60.  On the evening of 3 December Sunday, at about
5:40 p.m.,the Pakistani Air Force (PAF) launched
a pre-emptive strike on eleven airfields in north-
western India, including Agra which was 300
miles (480 km) from the border
 This preemptive strike known as Operation
Chengiz Khan, was inspired by the success of
Israeli Operation Focus in the Arab-Israeli

61. •The Indian Air Force responded with initial air strikes that
very night.These air strikes were expanded to massive
retaliatory air strikes the next morning and thereafter
which followed interceptions by Pakistanis anticipating
this action
•This marked the official start of the Indo-Pakistani War of
1971. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi ordered the immediate
mobilisation of troops and launched the full-scale
invasion.
•This involved Indian forces in a massive coordinated air,
sea, and land assault. Indian Air Force started flying
sorties against Pakistan from midnight.The main Indian
objective on the western front was to prevent Pakistan
from entering Indian soil.

62.  INORDER TO CAPTURE INDIAN POST IN
LONGEWALA VILLAGE,
RAJASTHAN;PAKISTHAN ARMY CONISTING
OF 65 PATTONTANKS AND 2800 INFENTRY
SOLDIERS REACHEDTHE INDIAN LOC AT
DECEMBER 4-1971 MID NIGHT
 AT THAT TIME THERE WERE 90 PUNJAB
REGIMENT SOLDIERS AND 30 BSF PERSONAL
GUARDING THE POST

64. •THEY HAD ONLY 2 OPTIONS EITHERTO FIGHT ORTO
RUN
• SINCE IT WAS MID NIGHT INDIAN AIRFORCE WAS
UNABLE TO HELP
•THE INDIAN TEAM WITHINTHE LIMITEDTIMETO
DEFEND , LAYED ANTI TANK MINES ALL OVERTHE
POST
•WITHTHE HELP OF RECOIL LEAD GUN THEY ATTAKED
PAKTANKS
• 12TANKS WERE SHOT DOWN USINGTHE GUN

65. • TEAM LEAD BY PUNJAB REGIMENT
MAJOR: KULDEEP SINGH CHANDRAPURI DEFENDED
THE INDIAN POST
• BY THE DAWN INDIAN AIR FORCE CAME TO HELP
• 36 PAKTANKS WERE DISTROYED AND 200 PAK
SOLDIERS WERE KILLED
• INDIA LOST 2 MEN
HENCE PAKISTHAN MISSION TO CAPTURE INDIAN SOIL
FAILED

68.  Pakistan's PNS Ghazi sank off the fairway buoy
ofVisakhapatnam near the eastern coast of
India, making it the first submarine casualty in
the waters around the Indian subcontinent

70.  The Indian Navy, under the command ofVice
Admiral S.N. Kohli, successfully attacked
Karachi's port in OperationTrident on the night
of 4–5 December, using missile boats, sinking
Pakistani destroyer PNS Khyber and a
minesweeper PNS Muhafiz; PNS Shah Jahan was
badly damaged.720 Pakistani sailors were killed
or wounded, and Pakistan lost reserve fuel and
many commercial ships, thus crippling the
Pakistan Navy's further involvement in the
conflict.

72.  OperationTrident was followed by
Operation Python on the night of 8–9
December, in which Indian missile boats
attacked the Karachi port, resulting in
further destruction of reserve fuel tanks
and the sinking of three Pakistani merchant
ships.

74.  After the initial preemptive strike, PAF adopted
a defensive stance in response to the Indian
retaliation
 As the war progressed, the Indian Air Force
continued to battle the PAF over conflict zones
 The PAF played a more limited part in the
operations, and were reinforced by F-104s from
Jordan, Mirages from an unidentified Middle
Eastern ally (probably Libya) and by F-86s from
Saudi Arabia

76.  16 December 1971 Pakistan attacked at several
places along India's western border with
Pakistan, but the Indian army successfully held
their positions.
 The Indian Army quickly responded to the
Pakistan Army's movements in the west and
made some initial gains, including capturing
around 5,500 square miles (14,000 km2) of
Pakistan territory

77.  On the eastern front, the Indian Army joined
forces with the Mukti Bahini to form the Mitro
Bahini ("Allied Forces"); Unlike the 1965 war
which had emphasised set-piece battles and
slow advances, this time the strategy adopted
was a swift, three-pronged assault of nine
infantry divisions with attached armoured units
and close air support that rapidly converged on
Dhaka, the capital of East Pakistan.

78.  Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora, who
commanded the eighth, twenty-third, and fifty-
seventh divisions, led the Indian thrust into East
Pakistan.
 Faced with insurmountable losses, the Pakistani
military capitulated in less than a fortnight. On
16 December, the Pakistani forces stationed in
East Pakistan surrendered.

84.  In 1972 the Simla Agreement was signed between
India and Pakistan, the treaty ensured that Pakistan
recognised the independence of Bangladesh in
exchange for the return of the Pakistani POWs.
India treated all the POWs in strict accordance with
the Geneva Convention, rule 1925.
 The accord also gave back more than 13,000 km² of
land that Indian troops had seized in West Pakistan
during the war, though India retained a few
strategic areas.

86.  INORDERTO BRING SIEACHIN UNDER
CONTROLL PAKISTHAN PLANNED A MISSION
 BY DECODING THIS PLAN , INDIAN
INTELIGENCE WARNEDTHE GOVERNMENT
 ON 1984 APRIL 13, LT.GEN:PREM NATH AND
TEAMWERE PARA DROPPED INTHE GLACEAR
 WITHIN A FEW DAYS PAK ARMY REACHED
THE ZONE AND CAPTURED A FEW POINTS

87.  SUPPORTED BY HEAVY SHELLING PAK
FORCES UNDERTHE COMMANDING OF BRIG:
PARVES MUSHEREF CAPTURED A FEW INDIAN
POSTS IN SIACHIN IN 1987
 BY COUNTER ATTACK CODENAMEDAS
OPERATION RAJIVE IDIAN ARMY RECAPTURED
INDIAN POSTS AND SOME PAKISTHANI POSTS

89.  INDIAN ARMY SUBAIDAR BANA SINGH
CLIMBED 1500 FT TALL STEEP MOUNTAIN
AND CAPTURED AN PAKISTHANI POST
 THIS POST WAS GIVEN HIS NAME

90.  May 3, 1999 - Pakistani intrusion in Kargil
reported by local shepherds
 May 5- Indian Army patrol sent up; Five Indian
soldiers captured and tortured to death.
 May 9- Heavy shelling by Pakistan Army
damages ammunition dump in Kargil
 May 10- Infiltrations first noticed in Dras, Kaksar
and Mushkoh sectors

91.  Mid-May- Indian Army moves in more troops
from KashmirValley to Kargil Sector
 May 26-IAF launches air strikes against
infiltrators
 May 27-IAF loses two fighters — MiG-21 and
MiG-27;. Flt Lt Nachiketa taken POW
 May 28-IAF MI-17 shot down by Pakistan; four
air crew dead

95.  June 6 -Indian Army launches major offensive in
Kargil
 June 9-Indian Army re-captures two key
positions in the Batalic sector
 June 11-India releases intercepts of conversation
between Pakistani Army Chief Gen Pervez
Musharraf, while on a visit to China and Chief of
General Staff Lt Gen Aziz Khan in Rawalpindi, as
proof of Pakistani Army’s involvement

98.  June 13-Indian Army secures Dras
 June 29-Indian Army captures two vital posts
Point 5060 and Point 5100 nearTiger Hill
 July 2-Indian Army launches three-pronged
attack in Kargil
 July 4-Indian Army recapturesTiger Hill after an
11-hour battle

103.  July 5-Indian Army takes control of Dras.
Sharif announces Pakistani army’s withdrawal
from Kargil following his meeting with Clinton
 July 7-India recaptures Jubar Heights in
Batalik
 July 11-Pakistan begins pullout; India
captures key peaks in Batalik

106.  July 16-Indian Prime Minister Atal Behari
Vajpayee declares OperationVijay a success.
Government sets condition for talks with
Pakistan
 July 26-Kargil conflict officially comes to an end.
Indian Army announces complete eviction of Pak
intruders

115. .

121. JAI HIND