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The New
New Media
Global lessons on the future of
media, content, and messaging.



                                  A Global
                                  Innovation
                                  Outlook
                                  3.0 Report
Gio Media And Content Report Final
GIO 3.0 Report


INTRODUCTION




Change Is Good
In the evolving media landscape,
opportunity abounds.
It used to be so easy. Back when there were
just a handful of network television stations,
one local newspaper, and a half dozen radio
stations in each market, people knew where
to get their content. And advertisers knew
how to reach those people.

But technology has changed everything. Traditional
media channels are no longer the only means through
which large audiences can be reached. CEOs, like
JetBlue’s David Neelman, post videos directly to
        ®



YouTube. General Motors executives communicate
          ™               ®



directly to customers and other stakeholders through
blogs. These days it seems as if every company,
organization, and individual—be it a billion-dollar
multinational, a local government, or a person with
a passion—is navigating the new communications



                                                                   1
INTRODUCTION


                               landscape and experimenting with blogs, video, and
                               custom publishing. In this regard, we are all in it
                               together. We are all content producers.

                               The disruptions facing the media industry
                               are instructive to any organization.
     Percentage of
                                  This sentiment is what led IBM’s Global Innovation
     online users
                               Outlook™ to explore opportunities for innovation
               Europe
                        40%
                               within the newly amorphous market segment of media,
                               content, branding, and messaging. (For more on the
                               GIO, see About the GIO, page 43.) From the outset, it
        Total population
                               was clear that this focus area was about much more
           800 million

                               than just the media industry. Today, the lessons the
                               media industry is learning the hard way are instructive
               China
                        12%
                               to any organization.
                                  As in any GIO exploration, our participants directed
                               the course of conversation, choosing the specific areas
        Total population
                               they felt were ripe for innovation. Meetings took
           1.3 billion

                               place in Helsinki, London, Los Angeles, Mumbai,
                               New York, Seoul, and Shanghai, and several promising
               India
                        3.7%
                               themes surfaced (see map, page 44). For instance, the
                               idea that context is becoming more important than
                               actual content. Or that achieving an authentic brand
        Total population
                               image is more critical, and more difficult, than ever.
           1.1 billion

                               There were pleas for universal standards for content
                               usage rights. And the hope that the mobile platform
                               could serve as a bridge for the rural disenfranchised,


2
GIO 3.0 Report


who are eager to connect with the rest of the world in
this digital age.
   Important regional differences became apparent
throughout the GIO process. In Shanghai, for
example, we heard a great deal about the need for all
content to be of both educational and cultural value.
In New York, we dove into the topic of piracy and the
impact it is having on the established media industry.
In Mumbai, there was endless optimism about the
role India will play in the future of content creation
and distribution.
   Despite these differences, an overall consensus
emerged, suggesting that out of all this disruption comes
unprecedented opportunity. Or, as Alok Kejriwal,
founder and CEO of Mumbai-based Games2win, said,    ™
                                                            $18 million
“In five years, I don’t think I’ll be the Chief Executive   Worldwide motion
                                                            picture revenues
Officer of my company anymore. I’ll think I’ll be           lost due to piracy
something more like Chief Opportunity Officer.              20 billion
Because there are so many paths to go down, the             songs downloaded
                                                            illegally (2005)
hardest job will be deciding which one to choose.”
   This attitude, more than anything, highlights the
importance of this GIO topic. The following essays,
interviews, and contributions from “deep dive”
participants are representative of our global conversa-
tions. Ultimately, this report is merely a jumping-off
point for further exploration, collaboration when
possible, and deeper understanding of the changes
affecting every business and organization.


                                                                                        3
TABLE OF CONTENTS




   CHAPTER 1                     CHAPTER 2                CHAPTER 3

           Authenticity                  The Digital              Context Is
   p. 6                          p. 14                    p. 20
                                         Persona                  King
           The Voice of Youth
   p. 9
           by Eric Hansen,
                                         Defining the             What Would the
                                 p. 19                    p. 23
           Syracuse University
                                         Digital Me               Experts Do?
                                         A Q&A with
           The Currency                                           by Steve Masiclat,
   p. 10
                                         Charles Moore,
           of Contribution                                        Syracuse University
                                         Reuters
                                                                  Not Necessarily
           Walking the                                    p. 24
   p. 13
                                                                  the News
           Fine Line of
           Viral Marketing                                        by John Snyder,
                                                                  Grapeshot
           A Q&A with
           Ajoy Krishnamurti,
           Sankalp Retail
           Value Stores
GIO 3.0 Report




CHAPTER 4                 CHAPTER 5

        Going Mobile              Additional                     About the
p. 28                     p. 34                          p. 43
                                  Perspectives                   GIO
        Iconic Literacy
p. 33
        A Q&A with                Content Bill                   Around the World
                          p. 36                          p. 44
        Ranjan Kapur,
                                  of Rights                      in 60 Days
        WPP Group plc.
                                  Regional Spotlight:            Participating
                          p. 38                          p. 46
                                  China                          Companies
                                  Virtual Uncertainty
                          p. 40
                                  by Irving Wladawsky-
                                  Berger, IBM
CHAPTER 1
GIO 3.0 Report




Authenticity
Viral anti-marketing, brand loyalty, and listening
without fear.
AUTHENTICITY



                              It is a classic Catch 22: In this age of
                              marketing savvy and discriminating
                              consumers, the ultimate brand image is one
                              of authenticity. But the harder companies try
                              to manufacture an aura of authenticity, the
                              more readily it is exposed as disingenuous.

                              While it is true that marketers have more channels
                              than ever through which to deliver their branding
                              messages, they have never had less control over how
                              their products and services are perceived in the market.
                              Brands get hijacked on a regular basis, sullied in
                              seconds on the blogosphere or in e-mail chain letters.
                              It’s called viral anti-marketing, and it can change public
                              perception of a product or company in a heartbeat.
                              Anyone who’s watched a politician’s most embarrassing
                              moment replayed millions of times on YouTube knows
                              the devastating quickness with which an image can
                              sour these days (see Walking the Fine Line of Viral
                              Marketing, page 13).
                                  To stave off this disturbing trend, companies must
                  1 blog
                              first understand it. Many students and young
       created every second
                              consumers claim that authenticity comes not from
                       9.2
                              a monologue, but through engagement in a dialogue
           new blog posts
                              (see The Voice of Youth, opposite). Consumers have
               per second




8
The Voice of Youth                                      exhaustively to shape their identity through mean-
                                                        ingful actions and innovative products/services.
Authenticity, as it relates to brands, is               JetBlue is a perfect example.
a moving target. We asked Eric Hansen,
a 23-year-old graduate of the Syracuse                  One time I had to spend the night in an airport
University Newhouse School of Public                    to get on an early JetBlue flight, and their
Communications, a GIO partner, to help                  employees brought me a blanket, pillow, and
define it for us. Here’s what he had to say:            some refreshments for my unexpected slumber
                                                        party. The authenticity of JetBlue shines not
Authenticity is a store of value that generates         from the branded exteriors of their Airbuses, but
                                                                                                       ®
trust, admiration and — in most cases — the extra       from the plane interiors filled with leather seats
boost needed for me to remove my credit card            for everybody and your channel of choice for the
from its Tumi leather fortress. It’s part experience,   entire flight. When their experience was chilled by
part conversation, part marketing, and zero parts       a catastrophic logistical failure, they spoke to me
brand or logo.                                          in an unvarnished tone on YouTube, where I could
                                                        watch my fellow fliers respond in real time. They
One of the most stressful aspects of modern             trusted me enough to understand that YouTube
human existence is defining one’s own identity.         was a public dialogue, so I trust them with my
The brands I affiliate myself with have worked          airline endeavors.




                “ JetBlue trusted me enough to understand that YouTube was
                 a public dialogue, so I trust them with my airline endeavors.”
                  —Eric Hansen, graduate of the Syracuse University Newhouse School of Public Communications
AUTHENTICITY



    The Currency                                        unlike the armies of expensive consultants and
                                                        market analysts that these companies hire regu-
    of Contribution                                     larly. While many customers are happy to offer
                                                        their services in exchange for mere recognition,
    New models of compensation are needed
                                                        can lawyers and requests for monetary remunera-
    in the generation of participation.
                                                        tion be far behind?
    A now widely accepted aspect of the Internet age
    is that the communication between companies         As the level of participation continues to ratchet
    that sell things and the people who buy them        up, so too must the method of compensation. In
    has shifted from a monologue to a dialogue.         some cases, recognition may be sufficient (like
    Individuals are enjoying unprecedented say in       the director of the user-generated Doritos® com-
    the way in which their products and services are    mercial that played during the 2007 Super Bowl).
    created and delivered. In some cases, consumers     But in other cases, something more substantial
    are actually creating advertisements, developing    is needed, such as discounts, cash, or equity. In
    products, and refining the messaging of billion-    addition, a mechanism is needed to identify the
    dollar companies. All of which blurs the line       most significant contributors to a brand or product,
    between producer and consumer.                      both from within a business and from the external
                                                        ecosystem. If a marketplace for consumer par-
    This begs the question: How should these people     ticipation were established, with definitive rules
    be compensated for their efforts? Though they are   for the valuing of different kinds of participation,
    not official employees of these companies, they     it would likely spur yet more participation and an
    are undeniably providing a valuable service, not    overall increase in product quality.



  Consumers are creating advertisements, developing products,
  and refining the messaging of billion-dollar companies.
GIO 3.0 Report


grown weary of traditional marketing. In particular,
the younger generation has found the world to be so
full of messaging—whether it’s from companies trying
to sell them something, politicians on the campaign
trail, or their own parents—that they desperately want
to find something real, something that’s not designed
to influence them.

“Viral anti-marketing is engagement, as
 far as I’m concerned. We’ve embraced
 our toughest critics, engaged them
 in a dialogue, and addressed the issues
 they’ve cited. Our brand is stronger
 as a result.”
—Karen Becker, Senior Director of Corporate Marketing, Autodesk

   Thus, with each successive generation of consumers,
brand loyalty becomes an increasingly fleeting, and
expensive, goal. However, when this new generation
of consumers finds a brand they trust, they will freely
associate themselves with it, posting it on their
MySpace pages, crowing about it on their blogs, and
         ®



building it into their online identities. Though they are




                                                                             11
AUTHENTICITY


                              fiercely skeptical of brand messaging, they are in fact
                              the most branded generation ever. “There is tremendous
                              power in the ‘trusted referral’ or ‘derivative impression’,”
                              says Matt Jacobsen, head of market development at
                              Facebook, referring to the impact that young people
                                         ™

                              can have when they pass along information on brands
                              and products.
                                  So how do you achieve that kind of credibility with
                              consumers—and keep it? For one thing, engage them
                              in a conversation. And listen to your critics, without
                              fear. “Viral anti-marketing is engagement, as far as I’m
                              concerned,” said Karen Becker, senior director of
                              corporate marketing at Autodesk. “We’ve embraced
                                                                 ®



                              our toughest critics, engaged them in a dialogue, and
                              addressed the issues they’ve cited. Our brand is
                              stronger as a result.”
                                  One GIO participant went so far as to place its most
                              outspoken critic on its board of advisors. While that
                              may be a bit extreme, the truth is that these critics may
                              be your best allies, providing more valuable feedback
                              than the zealots who defend your products in the
               $1 million
       Budget to produce a
                              marketplace. Fostering communities of customers and
                    typical
                              critics, engaging them in conversations, and addressing
           Super Bowl ad

                              issues head on is the best way to achieve authenticity.
                  $12.79
         Budget to produce
          winner of Doritos
         “Make-Your-Own”
      Super Bowl ad contest




12
“I’m not sure how many consumers believe
                 in paid messaging anymore.”
                  —Ajoy Krishnamurti, CEO, Sankalp Retail Value Stores




Q&A                                                      from the vendors, and so forth. But consumers
                                                         expect a retailer to say all those things, even if they

Walking the Fine Line                                    are selling junk. So we figured that the moment
                                                         customers walk in, we needed to persuade them
of Viral Marketing                                       that what we are selling is good stuff. And so we
                                                         offer an absolutely unconditional guarantee: If the
Ajoy Krishnamurti, CEO, Sankalp Retail
                                                         customer is not satisfied, he or she can walk in
Value Stores, the Indian franchisee of the
            ™
                                                         with a half-empty jar of peanut butter and take
MyDollarStore™ chain, shares his thoughts
                                                         something else instead. There are absolutely
on achieving an authentic brand.
                                                         no questions asked. We don’t even ask for the
                                                         cash receipt if we know the product is ours. They
GIO: When you rely on word of mouth to spread
                                                         just bring the product back and take something
the message of your business, sometimes the
                                                         else instead. And we started putting a stamp
wrong message can get spread around, too. Has
                                                         on the back of the cash receipt saying, “Goods
that ever happened to you?
                                                         once sold will be taken back,” because in India a
KRISHNAMURTI: The products that we price
                                                         standard thing is that goods, once sold, will not
at 99 rupees (about U.S. $2.00) are actually sig-
                                                         be taken back.
nificantly cheaper than they are in other markets.
                                                         GIO: So instead of pushing a message on to
So what’s happened is that customers question
                                                         the consumer, you’ve essentially changed your
whether the product is genuine. They say, “Are
                                                         service offering to the consumer and allowed that
you sure the product is not life-expired?” That
                                                         to take hold in the market.
happens when you’re selling at 99 rupees. And
                                                         KRISHNAMURTI: Yes, I think we have had to,
for us that has been a fairly tough thing to combat,
                                                         because if you look at what’s happening today,
because customers are looking at a good thing
                                                         there are two realities. One is that I’m not sure how
negatively. They think that this kind of a price point
                                                         many consumers believe in paid messaging any-
is just not possible. And that is something we have
                                                         more. The second is the pervasiveness of unpaid
to try and combat in some form or another.
                                                         messaging that’s happening in terms of word of
GIO: But with no marketing or advertising
                                                         mouth, whether it’s e-mails that go around, or the
budget, how do you combat that kind of viral
                                                         stuff that you see on blogs and customer reviews.
anti-marketing?
                                                         You can’t influence that. You can hope to do your
KRISHNAMURTI: There are two things we have
                                                         best and make sure that the customers are happy,
done. We realized we could have advertised the
                                                         and therefore they talk to other people about it.
fact that all our goods are fresh, imported directly
AUTHENTICITY




    CHAPTER 2
GIO 3.0 Report




The Digital Persona
Who should own your online identity?
THE DIGITAL PERSONA



                                Personalization. It’s the holy grail of media
                                and messaging in the Internet age, and it’s
                                been promised in myriad ways to both content
                                producers and consumers. The vision at the
                                dawn of the Web was of advertisements that
                                know your name, news stories crafted
                                specifically to your interests, and a world of
                                unrelenting relevancy.

                                However, even with the advances made by media
                                producers and advertisers in this digital age, it often
                                feels as if they’re still guessing who is on the receiving
                                end of their content. The march toward the elusive
                                “market of one” has been slower than many believed it
                                would be. Online book retailers serve up suggestions
                                “recommended for you” based on gifts you bought for
                                your mother-in-law. Online video services assume
                                you’re a conspiracy buff just because you once rented
                                Oliver Stone’s J.F.K.™ Why do these marketing efforts,
                                and the powerful algorithms that direct them, feel so
                                off the mark? Mostly because they’re working with
              Cost to reach
                                comparatively limited data sets, with no ability to
         customers across
        different advertising
                                account for changes in taste, whim, and caprice. In
                   channels:
                                short, they miss the human element.
        $8 Internet search

                                    But there is an alternative: the digital persona.
         $20 Yellow pages

                                This idea presupposes that a segment of the population
                $60 E-mail
            $70 Direct mail
                                wants to control its own personal data, license it out to

16
GIO 3.0 Report


trusted marketers and content providers, and update it
as their needs change. For example, if you are getting
married, you will want specific articles and information
that would aid in planning the wedding. But after the
wedding, you may be looking for information about
buying a home. To change the mix of content and ads you
receive, you would simply update your online marketing
profile. Some people call it a “digital locker,” others know
it as a digital marketing profile, or digital identity.
    Ultimately, consumers would be taking back control
of their personal data, the same information that is
bought and sold hundreds of times over by countless
companies. Consumers have already volunteered much
of that data to dozens of disconnected service
providers: the grocery store loyalty program, credit
card companies, iTunes. These are all pieces of a
                                  ®



digital puzzle that, when fit together, would make a
more complete picture of your personal preferences.
Add to that a personal level of control over the data,
and you would have a very powerful, humanized

                              STORAGE

                                Perhaps no single product of the digital age has
                                had more influence over how content is currently
                                consumed than cheap, plentiful storage. Today,
                                64 gigabytes of storage will run you about $350
                                dollars, and comfortably fit in your pocket. You
  can store 21,000 songs on that amount of disk space. But by 2015, it is not
  unrealistic to assume that the same amount of money in dollars will get you
  a terabyte (1,000 gigabytes) of storage. That’s 1.5 million books, 330,000
  MP3s, or 185 Wikipedias® in the palm of your hand. And enough storage
  to carry your entire digital persona with you wherever you go.



                                                                                              17
THE DIGITAL PERSONA


                      marketing profile, one that marketers and content
                      producers would love to access.
                         For the consumer, considering how valuable that
                      information is, wouldn’t it be nice to get something
                      in return? Maybe not money, but at least more relevant
                      advertising and deals in exchange for keeping an
                      accurate record. By offering discounts and other
                      incentives in exchange for access to your personal data,
                      marketers could finally achieve that demographic of one.

                      Ultimately consumers can take back control of
                      their personal information — the same information
                      that is bought and sold hundreds of times over
                      by countless companies.
                         There are plenty of challenges to the concept. For
                      one thing, serendipity plays a huge role in both content
                      consumption and advertising (see Defining the Digital
                      Me, opposite). Also, content providers and marketers
                      will have to overcome the privacy concerns of
                      consumers being asked to volunteer personal
                      information. They will inevitably fear abuses of
                      that information, identity theft, and the like. But
                      today’s consumers already offer up their personal data
                      in bits and pieces all the time, and get very little in
                      return. That data gets abused and misused (or worse:
                      misinterpreted) on a daily basis. The digital persona
                      would at least provide a way to take back some small
                      measure of control over that data, and ultimately
                      provide businesses with their coveted market of one.

18
“Through better user insight, the value of the
               advertising inventory rises with greater targeting.”
               —Charles Moore, Head of Innovation at Reuters



Q&A                                                      that, and have some sort of commercial role and
                                                         ownership of that personal data. The opportunity
Defining the Digital Me                                  is around establishing the business model that
                                                         enables the end user to both manage and com-
Charles Moore, Head of Innovation
                                                         mercialize their personal information in a way that
at Reuters, describes the benefits of
                                                         creates value for multiple parties, i.e., the end
the user-defined digital persona.
                                                         user, the advertiser, and the content owner.
                                                         GIO: What incentive would companies that control
GIO: How do you define the “digital persona”?
                                                         personal or marketing information on individuals
MOORE: It’s something along the lines of a
                                                         have to contribute that information to this digital
centralized electronic record around the interest,
                                                         persona, or digital profile?
behaviors, demographics, and other personal
                                                         MOORE: For the media owner to have access
data relating to an individual online, both a mix
                                                         to a current user profile enables increased value
of passively collected data, as well as proactively
                                                         at two levels. First, they can present customized
contributed data.
                                                         content and create a more relevant user experi-
GIO: Would it be entirely up to the consumer to
                                                         ence. But perhaps more important, through better
build and maintain this thing?
                                                         user insight, the value of the advertising inventory
MOORE: Not entirely, but I think the consumer has
                                                         rises with greater targeting.
to have some strong role in what passive informa-
                                                         GIO: Don’t end users still want some level of
tion they allow to be collected about them. So the
                                                         serendipity from the content they consume?
consumer is in control, but is not responsible for all
                                                         MOORE: That’s an important point. I don’t think
of the legwork in terms of data collection.
                                                         many consumers would ever want a 100 percent
GIO: That opens up the philosophical question of
                                                         personalized world where they are in complete
who owns and controls the value of personal data.
                                                         editorial control of all of the content that they con-
MOORE: I think that’s the nub of the matter and
                                                         sume. I think one of the things people like about
the potential opportunity here. I think most of this
                                                         some of the existing media forms, such as news-
information already exists today, and I think most
                                                         paper, is the editorial element and introducing
users aren’t aware of how much of their personal
                                                         content that they wouldn’t otherwise be exposed
data is actually out there, being resold by the
                                                         to or choose to read on a standalone basis. I think
marketing database outfits or just being collected
                                                         there’s probably a balance somewhere in the
about them as they go about their everyday online
                                                         middle. The consumer will ultimately decide what
surfing habits. So I think there’s an opportunity
                                                         that balance should be.
for the end user to actually take more control of
AUTHENTICITY




    CHAPTER 3
GIO 3.0 Report




Context Is King
In the age of free content, the future
(and the money) is in the context.
CONTEXT IS KING



                  These days, “content”—be it a newspaper
                  article, movie, song, or piece of market
                  research—is of limited and rapidly diminishing
                  value. For this we have the Internet, its limitless
                  cache of content and the ease with which that
                  content can be shared, to thank. The digital age
                  has made obtaining content nearly frictionless,
                  creating a perception in the marketplace that
                  content is free, or worth very little.

                  Perhaps that’s why so many companies are focusing
                  their efforts on the next ruler of the media landscape:
                  context. That is not to say that content is unimportant.
                  But it is quickly becoming the commodity backbone

                                             WHAT IS CONTEXT?

                                              Context, as it applies to content, comes in
                                              many shapes and sizes. The basic defi-
                                              nition is this: any information that adds
                                              value to a piece of content, either for the
                                              producer or consumer, by affecting the
                    delivery or consumption of said content. The most commonly
                    understood example of adding context to content is location-based
                    services. When you add information about an individual’s physical
                    location, it affects what kind of content they would like to consume
                    (local restaurants, movie times, or news broadcasts) and how they
                    would like to consume it (mobile phone, Web browser, etc.). If con-
                    tent is the “what,” context is the “when,” “where,” and “how.”




22
GIO 3.0 Report



What Would the                                             a story, but most do not. But what if those masses
                                                           could see how a true expert went about achieving
Experts Do?                                                understanding of a topic?
Steve Masiclat, Director of the New Media
                                                           What we need is the ability to see an expert path
Master’s Program at Syracuse University,
                                                           through a set of pages. If one could capture an
on the value of following an expert’s path
                                                           expert’s context in the form of the path traversed
through the Web.
                                                           and time spent on the search for meaning, one
                                                           might have a picture of the missing contextual
We live in a sea of digital information right at our
                                                           data needed to make the picture whole. One would
fingertips, but searching for it is an exercise in vari-
                                                           definitely have a valuable new set of information;
able success and excess. The Internet has made
                                                           you would have both an expert’s information set
publishers of millions. Everything is available to us
                                                           and an ideal path through it.
all the time, and the amount of data doubles every
five years. What we need is context, a schema
                                                           Arguably, this is the service editors provide. But
that orders these vast amounts of information into
                                                           where newspaper editors worked by culling a
related and comprehendible structures.
                                                           limited set of stories into those deemed “news-
                                                           worthy,” the Internet includes everything.
The problem with the way we create context
today is that we use what experts call ontology,
                                                           Information is a commodity and a low-cost one at
or data models. But what if that ontology has
                                                           that. The cry for context is really a cry for service
holes, as most do? Can you contextualize around
                                                           built upon the commodity; a cry for the ability to
missing data?
                                                           tailor that data to specialized needs and turn it
                                                           into intelligence. The most valuable service is the
Expert Internet users, hunting for information,
                                                           intelligence of an experienced data miner, and
will systematically go about finding all the pieces
                                                           their traverses through the morass. If that path
they need to build a satisfactory understanding of
                                                           could be turned into an interactive, clickable, and
a topic, using myriad sources. This is a behavior
                                                           clearly visible artifact, it would be a valuable addi-
undertaken every day by thousands of Internet
                                                           tion to the universe of information. That’s a news
users with as many varying levels of success.
                                                           object I’d subscribe to.
Some find enough information to make sense of



                  “Following the path of an experienced data miner as
                   he traverses the Internet has tremendous value.”
                   —Steve Masiclat, Director of the New Media Master’s Program at Syracuse University
AUTHENTICITY



    Not Necessarily                                       context of a story across the corpus of all stories.
                                                          The “delta” across documents, when compared,
    the News                                              starts to unlock intrinsic value in each document.
    John Snyder, Founder of Grapeshot,
                                                          All of this can provide a benchmark for whether a
    explains his efforts to extract value from
                                                          story is anything different and new in terms of con-
    the flood of online news stories.
                                                          textual content. Through this constant, real-time
                                                          analysis, we can also determine which stories
    Fresh news is not always relevant news. And when
                                                          are “accelerating,” or increasing in aggregate
    there is a sea of information relentlessly beating
                                                          importance throughout the Web. In this way we
    upon our shores, how do we start to understand
                                                          can distill the relevance of the news flow. It is this
    what should actually be read or acted upon?
                                                          relevance that helps to define the news you and
                                                          I should hear about. Plotting the trajectory of a
    A simple keyword search on a single company
                                                          story helps to separate the signal from the noise.
    name in Google™ news can return an endless
    number of irrelevant hits. But there is an alterna-
                                                          In addition, by tracking and discerning the content
    tive: use all the keywords.
                                                          that individuals habitually read, and creating a
                                                          user’s “personal DNA,” we can match the DNA
    If one compares the 500 words in one story with
                                                          of news stories to a user’s preference, thereby
    the 480 words in another story, patterns begin to
                                                          increasing relevancy. You cannot possibly see
    emerge. This analysis could be called the “DNA” of
                                                          everything on the Web, so when it comes to
    the story, and when you compare that DNA against
                                                          getting the right things, less is more.
    the DNA of all other news stories, it defines the




                     “The “delta” across documents, when compared,
                      starts to unlock intrinsic value in each document.”
                      —John Snyder, Founder of Grapeshot
GIO 3.0 Report


around which contextual services can be built. In this
regard, the media business is transitioning into a
service model, not unlike dozens of other industries
in the search for higher margins.
   For example, one network executive at the GIO
meeting in New York was very keen on tracking content
with some kind of technology that would report back


Content is quickly becoming the
commodity backbone around which
contextual services can be built.
usage information. Surprisingly, his primary concern
was not fighting piracy, but rather discerning where
the content had been, how it had been consumed,
and how many people had consumed it. Some content,
especially advertiser-supported content, would increase
in value the more people consumed it. Other content,
like a stock tip, would decrease in value as more people
viewed it. In this case, context acts as a bridge between
the intention of content, and its actual results. But where’s
the business model?
   “The money is there if you can connect ads with




                                                                           25
CONTEXT IS KING


                  people’s intent,” says John Snyder, the founder of a
                  U.K.-based startup called Grapeshot, which is
                                                            ™

                  developing software to help measure the “trajectory
                  and velocity” of news stories on the Web to help
                  advertisers connect with the right content at the right
                  time. “Most places are unaware of the intent of their
                  readers. Personalization has to reflect intent and context.”

                                             DATA MINING

                                               Data is everywhere. It’s universally accepted
                                               that humans do a great job of collecting data
                                               in the digital age. The problem is what to do
                                               with all of it. With advances in processing
                                               power and analytics software, the next 10
                    years could see a revolutionary change in how we make sense of
                    disparate data. As we discussed in the essays on context and digital
                    persona, taking consumer or business data, making sense of it, and
                    applying it in real time is an extremely powerful proposition. And the
                    advances that are expected in this field will enable not only better
                    personalization of content and marketing, but also predictive services
                    for use in myriad business applications, like Reuters is already doing.
                    By using powerful analytics software to sift through the universe of
                    data, businesses should be able to not only tell what has happened,
                    but also what will happen.




26
GIO 3.0 Report


    Another example of distilling context from content
comes from one of IBM’s GIO partners, Reuters. The
                                                 ®



global news organization has a new take on algorithmic
trading, the automated trading platforms used by many
Wall Street firms. Leveraging its relentless coverage of
the world financial markets, Reuters has developed a
service that trades stocks based on whether a company
is receiving positive or negative treatment in the press.
In milliseconds, the software can scan the Reuters
universe of news content, determine the overall
sentiment of that news toward a particular company
or industry, and place trades accordingly.                  6 million
    As data analytics continue to be refined, and the       articles found
                                                            on Wikipedia
ability to match complex and disparate data sets to an
individual’s preferences is developed, there are many       182 non-English
                                                            editions of
opportunities for content producers to learn more           Wikipedia
about how their content is consumed and where its
true value lies. That doesn’t make it any easier for the
hundreds of media companies that have built billion-
dollar businesses by creating and selling content. But it
does provide a path to some much-needed new
revenue sources.




                                                                                        27
AUTHENTICITY




    CHAPTER 4
GIO 3.0 Report




Going Mobile
Can wireless communications bridge the digital
and economic divides?
GOING MOBILE



               It’s easy to think that the Internet is pervasive
               throughout this new, so-called flat world. But
               the truth is that huge swaths of the globe are still
               without access to computers and the telephone
               lines that connect them to the Internet. This
               phenomenon is commonly known as the digital
               divide. And while there have been many
               well-intentioned attempts to connect rural
               areas across the globe to the Internet, one
               aspect has perhaps not been as well thought out:
               Connecting is not the same as engaging.

               When exploring issues around delivering content to the
               rural poor, mainly through the use of cheap laptop
               computers, there is a complicating factor. Even if you
               were able to supply the masses with computers, and
               connect them to the Internet, a large percentage of the
               impoverished are illiterate, and would find it difficult to
               master written language skills and a computer interface
               at the same time.
                   As it happens, some of the most undeveloped parts
               of the world are already beginning to experience the
               connectivity of the Internet—but they are using mobile
               devices instead of cheap laptops or obsolete desktop
               computers. The mobile platform is clearly establishing
               itself as a superior bridge for the digital divide. The
               infrastructure is easier to build, the handsets are more
30
GIO 3.0 Report


affordable, and the interface is easier to master. The
advantage of mobile devices over PCs is that they rely
heavily on graphical interfaces, and do not require a
mastery of written language to operate. For the most
part they are still used largely for making voice calls,
though the potential is far greater.
                                                               12 billion
    “It’s a pity if mobile phones are used only for voice      mobile phones
                                                               in use worldwide
telephony,” says Ranjan Kapur, the country manager
in India for global advertising firm WPP.™ Kapur has a
passion for making mobile phones and the content they
could provide to the rural poor more accessible. He
believes that a universal iconic language could develop
on the mobile platform, ushering in widespread adoption,
and even facilitating commerce between India, China,

The mobile platform is clearly establishing
itself as a superior bridge for the digital divide.
Africa, and the rest of the world (see Iconic Literacy, page
33). “We need to find a way to make mobile telephones
more productive.”
    One way to make mobiles more useful to people who
lack reading and writing skills would be to consider what
an “Audio Web” would look like. Not the Web as we
know it, converted into a phone, but an Internet that
could be navigated solely through the use of voice.
Information could be exchanged and transactions could
be conducted exclusively through voice commands. Call
it the “Spoken Web.” Real-time voice translation services

                                                                                             31
GOING MOBILE


               would also go a long way toward enabling communications
               and commerce between dialects and languages that have
               strong oral cultures, yet very little literacy.
                   Simply put, wireless has the potential to connect,
               create markets, and build new wealth. Besides delivering
               content that could spur regional businesses (like getting
               crop-specific information to improve yields), the mobile
               platform also has the potential to bring rural environments
               into the political fold, facilitate distance-learning, and
               dramatically improve healthcare through telemedicine.
                   At the same time, Westerners should not assume they
               know the type of content these rural regions need. The
               trick is getting enough handsets into the hands of the
               people, so they themselves can begin to create the content
               they need. Few could have predicted the Internet’s many
               uses before it was unleashed and placed into the hands of
               millions of users. There’s no reason to think the mobile
               platform will be any different.

                                        WIRELESS BROADBAND

                                         Get ready for the wireless streaming age.
                                         Wireless broadband speeds will make
                                         quantum leaps in the next 10 years. Imagine
                                         100 megabits per second flowing to your cell
                                         phone or mobile device. That’s enough speed
                 to stream music, movies, or video conference. This wireless surge
                 has major repercussions, not just for consumer media consumption,
                 but also in enterprise data access. With immediate access to virtu-
                 ally any piece of data or content you could want, thousands of new
                 business models become possible.



32
“What we need is a universal language;
                 a communication code based on visual icons.”
                 —Ranjan Kapur, Country Manager, WPP Group plc.




Q&A                                                     literate, are interacting with technology. They’re
                                                        playing video games. What is their medium of
Iconic Literacy                                         interaction? It’s all visual.
                                                        GIO: Can this visual medium be scaled up,
Ranjan Kapur, Country Manager for India,
                                                        all the way from video games to complex
WPP Group plc., on visual languages and
                                                        communications?
their potential for the rural masses.
                                                        KAPUR: We have to overcome this problem of
                                                        educating the masses to be able to get the real
GIO: What is driving the need for mobile com-
                                                        benefits of technology. Today the real benefits of
munications in rural India?
                                                        technology are not available to illiterate people.
KAPUR: In India we have about 625,000 villages.
                                                        And I think that visual icons can probably overcome
Almost 67 percent of our population (about 700
                                                        this issue. What we need is a universal language,
million people) live in rural areas. Distances are
                                                        a communication code which I suspect is going
vast in this country, and these areas are discon-
                                                        to be based on some visual icons, because that
nected from each other. We have in excess of 800
                                                        seems the easiest, and most universally recog-
known dialects. And a dialect changes every 10
                                                        nizable way of being able to communicate with
kilometers. Now you can imagine what that does
                                                        each other.
for communication. Over 200 million people in
                                                            Take mobile telephony. Mobile telephony is
India live in what I call “media dark” areas. They
                                                        growing at the rate somewhere between 6 and
have no media available to them. No TV. No print.
                                                        7 million new phones per month in India, which
No radio.
                                                        means that we have somewhere between 75 and
GIO: What role does illiteracy play in keeping
                                                        90 million phones coming into the market every
these folks disconnected?
                                                        year. Half of them will be in the hands of a rural
KAPUR: Literacy is defined as an individual’s ability
                                                        community that is considered illiterate. Literacy
to read and write language, but literacy cannot and
                                                        is not going to grow at the same pace as mobile
will never be a measure of intelligence. And neither
                                                        telephony. The question is, can we develop a
is literacy a measure of an individual’s capability
                                                        visual icon language that allows the rural com-
to communicate and/or conduct business. English
                                                        munity to actually interact through those visual
itself is a very complicated language. That’s where
                                                        icons to conduct commerce, conduct business,
this whole issue of visual icons comes in. Children
                                                        find enterprise solutions, and communicate with
today, young kids, three years old, who have not
                                                        other people?
yet reached the level at which they can be called
AUTHENTICITY




    CHAPTER 5
GIO 3.0 Report




Additional Perspectives
A possible solution to the piracy problem;
China’s media ambitions; and the impact of
virtual worlds on branding.
AUTHENTICITY



     Content Bill of Rights
     Universal standards for content usage rights
     could save the digital media business.




     To consumers, current digital rights                 In this new scenario, usage rights would be
     management solutions seem arbitrary,                 attached to a piece of content, not the device
     proprietary, and terribly inconvenient. And          used to consume it or the mechanism used to
     through its tireless (and justifiable) efforts to    deliver it. In other words, if you bought a digital
     protect intellectual property, the media industry    copy of Disney’s Pirates of the Caribbean, you
                                                                                                       ™
     has inadvertently cultivated an adversarial          would own the right to view that movie in all its
     relationship between itself and its potential        forms, regardless of whether you watched it on
     customers. That’s no way to run a business.          DVD, your iPod, your computer, or in a hotel
                                                                            ™
                                                          room while on a business trip. If you misplaced
     Perhaps that’s why many media industry               the DVD, you would be able to download it
     executives are intrigued by the concept of           again, no extra charge. The rules would be
     universal standards. These standards would           simple, fair, and universally applicable, creating
     define the way different types of content can be     an acceptable contract between the producers
     used, rather than the diverse DRM solutions in       and consumers of content.
     use today. The belief is that some kind of
     “content bill of rights” could more clearly define   But more important, this content bill of rights,
     usage, reduce friction, and perhaps spur             whatever form it ultimately takes, would be
     sales of digital content. Maybe even enough          written collaboratively, through a combination
     to save those businesses built around the            of input from content producers, distributors,
     creation and distribution of digital media.          device manufacturers, and consumers.




36
GIO 3.0 Report




Student participants in the GIO repeatedly           Despite widespread public opinion to the
bemoaned their lack of a voice in their              contrary, the media industry is not unreasonable
relationship with the music industry. The            in its demands. “There needs to be some
students feel the industry treats them as the        platform where people can transfer content the
enemy. As a result, though moral high ground         way they want to but allow producers to monetize
is actually with the industry, public sentiment      it,” said Andy Tseng, a general manager at
                                                     Sony™ Electronics, an IBM GIO partner.
Usage rights would be attached
                                                     The content bill of rights would not solve the
to a piece of content, not the
                                                     technical limitations of digital rights
device used to consume it or the                     management; some consumers will always
mechanism used to deliver it.                        steal content if given the choice. But if the
                                                     universal rights were widely understood and
is with consumers. But if consumers were given       undeniably fair, it might encourage a greater
a voice — through open online forums, wikis,         percentage of consumers to pay for their
or other collaboration tools — in constructing the   content. And that alone would be a victory,
new rules of content consumption, perhaps that       of sorts, for the industry.
relationship could be repaired.




                                                                                                            37
AUTHENTICITY



    Regional Spotlight: China
    With the eyes of the world upon it, China aims to tell its story.
GIO 3.0 Report




These days, no matter what the topic, the           value. By becoming a leader in content creation,
whole world seems to want to know what              particularly by populating the Internet with
impact China may have on it. And so it is with      Chinese language content, China could tell the
media and content.                                  world of its glorious past and bright future. But
                                                    China will have great challenges to overcome in
Not surprisingly, China sees itself playing a       this regard, most of them self-imposed.
major role in the future of media and content
creation and distribution. What is surprising,      For one thing, the media and the Internet in
however, is how strongly the Chinese feel about     China are controlled by the state. Some of our
the purpose of that content.                        GIO participants complained that until artists
                                                    and creative types feel comfortable expressing
“You have to take a long-term view,” said
                                                    Can Chinese content tell
Lawrence Tse, a partner in Gobi Partners, an
                                                    the rest of the world about
early-stage venture capital firm based in
Shanghai and Beijing. “We’re not just talking       Chinese culture?
about getting Chinese language content on the
Internet, we’re looking at what kind of content     themselves without repercussions, content
can transcend language. Everyone in the world       creation will never truly flourish in China. Without
watches content from Hollywood. But can             that artistic freedom, China will have a hard time
Chinese content tell the rest of the world about    duplicating the success of Hollywood. For this
Chinese culture?”                                   reason, and others, foreign investors will be hard
                                                    to come by.
Of course, Hollywood exported American culture
incidentally, more as a byproduct of its success    Ultimately, China’s success in producing and
in the entertainment business than anything else.   disseminating content lies in its own hands.
But in China there is a widespread sense that all   It has the world’s attention already — it’s only
content should have educational and cultural        a matter of what it wants to say.
AUTHENTICITY



    Virtual Uncertainty
               Irving Wladawsky-Berger, Chairman Emeritus
               of the IBM Academy of Technology, on the impact of
               virtual worlds on the business landscape.
GIO 3.0 Report




It’s not often that the media industry goes           by content I mean everything from information,
through major upheavals. There was the                advertising, and interactive content to the
television back in the 1940s; the VCR in the          traditional forms of media content — must be
1970s; and of course, the Internet in the 1990s.      completely rethought. In virtual worlds, it’s
                                                      less about consumerism, and more about
But now, in 2007, we are facing the second            expressionism. Ironically, the power of
major upheaval in just the last decade. Before        technology has created an extremely human
the dust has a chance to settle from the Internet     element to these worlds. Any company
revolution, we are already taking our initial steps   looking to do business in these worlds had
into the next: the virtual world revolution.          better keep that in mind, lest their message
                                                      get misconstrued, ignored, or co-opted.
Just like the World Wide Web is forcing content
creators of all stripes to reconsider how they        We are merely at the beginning of this revolution,
craft and distribute their messages, the rapidly      and it is impossible to say what new platforms
developing virtual world, or 3D Internet, is          of content creation and distribution may arise
changing the game again. This time, however,          over time. But businesses interested in branding
with the memory of how the Internet changed           and messaging in these worlds had better
the media landscape still fresh in our minds, we      consider their new contextual surroundings,
have a chance to recognize and capitalize on
                                                      In virtual worlds, it’s less
this movement to virtual worlds, which is still in
                                                      about consumerism and more
its most embryonic stages. Today’s virtual
                                                      about expressionism.
worlds are to the future of the Web what silent
movies were to Hollywood: merely the first step
in a wide-open world to come.                         and create campaigns that are sufficiently
                                                      appropriate for the medium. Done right,
Virtual worlds are an entirely different medium       virtual worlds present a compelling new
than anything that has come before it. They are       medium for the old school media companies,
incredibly expressive, interactive, and personal.     the marketers that rely on them, and the
Therefore, content created for those worlds — and     consumers they both want to reach.
nc             w
       m n q gv
      g               j
        u u al
     r

                      o
           o
            n     b
42
ABOUT THE GIO
 In early 2004, IBM took an unprecedented step: We opened up our annual
 technology and business forecasting processes to the world with the first
 Global Innovation Outlook. We gathered our top researchers, consultants,
 and business leaders, armed them with the latest insights on emerging
 technical trends and socioeconomic shifts, and created a platform upon
 which our entire innovation ecosystem could join together to surface
 new and unforeseen opportunities for business and societal innovation.


pt o
 The GIO is rooted in the belief that, in the early days of the 21st century,
 the very nature of innovation has changed. It is increasingly open,


 r s wy
 collaborative, multidisciplinary, and global. This shift means that the truly
 revolutionary innovations of our time — those that will create new markets,


     l                                    fj
 redefine old ones, and maybe even change the world for the better —
 require the participation and investment of multiple constituencies. The GIO


                                               p
 challenges some of the brightest minds on the planet — from the worlds of



                                     od p u i
 business, politics, academia, and nonprofits — to collaboratively address
 some of the most vexing issues on earth.


                                             n
                     z
 This collaboration begins with a series of open, dynamic conversations


                                      x
 called “deep dives.” To date, more than 40 GIO deep dives on six continents
 have brought together close to 500 influencers from dozens of countries.
 These free-form conversations, fueled by a diverse mix of expertise and


                                          k
 perspectives, are inevitably candid and spirited. Collectively, they result in
 an explosion of ideas that spark new relationships, policy initiatives,
 and market opportunities for all involved. Previous topic areas have included
 the environment, healthcare, and transportation. For copies of reports from
 previous GIOs, please visit www.ibm.com/gio.




                                                                                  43
AROUND THE WORLD IN 60 DAYS
     Pursuing a truly global perspective on the future of media and content, IBM convened
     nine GIO deep dives in seven cities across the globe. Here is a sampling of the regional
     findings from the GIO blog, which can be found at gio.typepad.com.




       nc                                                                      NEW YORK:



                                                                                                          w
                                                                               Young people have




      m n q gv
                                                                               no sympathy for
                                                                               the struggles of
                                                                               media companies



                                                                                                         j
                                                                               trying to protect their
                                                          copyrighted material. They don’t recognize



     ru                                                   the word “piracy.” They call it “sharing.”




                              LOS ANGELES:
                              Listening without fear to


                                                                                    l
                              customers and critics is
                              the only way to achieve
                              an authentic brand.


                                                                                                         o
                              o
                                                                   LONDON:
                                                      Content, though shared
                                                     and distributed in myriad



                               n
                                                           new ways, has not
                                                     substantially changed in


                                                               b
                                                           hundreds of years.




44
pt o
                                                                 SEOUL:
                                                There is value in letting
                                                content providers know
                                               just what kind of content


  s wy                                               you’re in the mood
                                                     for, like an instant-



                                                                        fj
                                                      message status indicator for content.
                HELSINKI:



                                                                            p
                Personal broadcasting
                could help individuals




                                                                       pu n
                identify content and
                like-minded people in




                               z
                any location, creating



                                                                            k
                                                     x
spontaneous communities in real time.




                                                                             SHANGHAI:
                                                                             If China emerges as a
                                                                             global force in media
                                                                             and content production,
                         MUMBAI:
                                                                             it should use that
                         What if a universal,
                                                                             position to educate the
                         visual language —
                                                           world about Chinese culture and values.
                         developed through the
                         use of mobile devices —
                         that could bridge the
      technology divide, not just in India, but in
      Central Asia and throughout Africa as well?


                                                                                                       45
The GIO meetings on media and content brought together 142 ecosystem
     participants from 18 countries in seven cities. Contributors include
     representatives from the following companies and organizations:

     4 Jems Entertainment                    International Academy of Television     Shanghai Telecom Technology
     Aarhus School of Business                Arts & Sciences                         Research Institute
     Academy of Motion Picture               iVillage                                Six Apart, Ltd.
      Arts and Sciences                      JoongAng m&b                            Skylake Incuvest & Co.
     AmCham Intellectual Property Rights     Kim & Chang                             Sobey Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
      Committee                              Korea Digital Satellite Broadcasting    Sofinnova Partners
     AT&T Labs, Inc.                          (SkyLife)                              Sony Corporation of America
     Autodesk, Inc.                          Kulow Kommunikation                     Sony Electronics, Inc.
     Bertelsmann AG                          Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc.          Sony Pictures Entertainment, Inc.
     Bharti Airtel Ltd.                      Lightspeed Venture Partners             Spiritel plc
     Big 92.7 FM                             Linden Lab                              Stanford University
     CEDEO.net                               Malayala Manorama                       Sulake Corporation Oy




                                                                                                                          w
     Chaos Computer Club                     Massachusetts Institute of Technology   Syracuse University
     China International Electronic          Mayfield Fund                           Tallinn University of Technology
      Commerce Center                        McGovern & Associates PC                Target Partners
     Columbia Business School                Motorola, Inc.                          Tata Sky




g    Columbia University                     Mr. Youth LLC                           Tatter & Company
     Copenhagen Business School              Nanfang Daily Group                     Technicolor
     Dayang Technology Development Inc.      NEOGAMES                                Telenor Research & Innovation
     Draftfcb                                Neowiz                                  TELUS Corp.
     Dynamoid Oy                             New Delhi Television Limited            Teosto
     Elisa Oyj                               NGEN Media Services Pvt. Ltd.           The9 Limited
     European Centre for International       Nokia Corp.                             Think Tank Group UK
      Political Economy                      Norwegian Broadcasting Corp.            Time Inc.
     European Commission                     Office of Communications (Ofcom)        Tsinghua University
     Facebook, Inc.                          Ogilvy & Mather                         Union Square Ventures
     Fairfax Digital Ltd.                    OhmyNews                                University of Helsinki
     FeedBurner                              Oxford Säid Business School             University of Manchester
     Financial Times                         Peking University                       University of Southern California
     Finnair Cargo                           Procter & Gamble Co.                     Marshall School of Business
     Games2win India Pvt. Ltd.               Public Knowledge                        Viking Venture
     George Mason University                 Reliance Communications Ltd.            Virgin Media
     Gobi Partners                           Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute        Vodafone Group plc
     Grapeshot Ltd.                          Reuters Group plc                       Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
     Hanyang University                      RPG Enterprises                         The Walt Disney Company
     Harley-Davidson, Inc.                   Sankalp Retail Value Stores Pvt. Ltd.   Warner Music Finland
     Hindustan Petroleum Corporation         Science Business Publishing Ltd.        Wharton School, University of
      Limited                                Seagate Technology                       Pennsylvania
     Home Box Office, Inc.                   Seoul Metropolitan Government           WI Harper Group
     Honjo International Scholarship         Seoul National University               WPP Group plc
      Foundation                             Shanda Interactive Entertainment Ltd.   Xerox Innovation Group
     iN3 Partners, Inc.                      Shanghai Academy of Social Science      Z+ Partners
     Indian Institute of Technology Madras   Shanghai Jiao Tong University           Zee Entertainment Enterprises Ltd.
     Institute for Information Industry



46
GIO 3.0 Report



The worlds of media, content, branding,
and messaging are changing so rapidly that
it’s not unrealistic to think a startup could
appear tomorrow and rewrite all the rules
again by the end of this decade. That kind
of change requires adaptability, a willingness
to collaborate, and near constant innovation.
That’s why the GIO ecosystem of businesses,
academic institutions, and nonprofit groups
that worked together to forge the preceding
insights is already working to create market
initiatives and thought leadership papers on
these subjects and others.

                                For more information about the
                                GIO and its outcomes, please visit
                                our website at www.ibm.com/gio.




                                IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com, are registered trademarks or trademarks
                                of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States
                                and/or other countries. Other company, product and service names may be
                                trademarks or service marks of others. © Copyright IBM Corporation 2007.
                                All Rights Reserved.
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
    NEW ORCHARD ROAD, ARMONK, NY 10504

®   © International Business Machines Corporation 2007
    All Rights Reserved

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Gio Media And Content Report Final

  • 1. The New New Media Global lessons on the future of media, content, and messaging. A Global Innovation Outlook 3.0 Report
  • 3. GIO 3.0 Report INTRODUCTION Change Is Good In the evolving media landscape, opportunity abounds. It used to be so easy. Back when there were just a handful of network television stations, one local newspaper, and a half dozen radio stations in each market, people knew where to get their content. And advertisers knew how to reach those people. But technology has changed everything. Traditional media channels are no longer the only means through which large audiences can be reached. CEOs, like JetBlue’s David Neelman, post videos directly to ® YouTube. General Motors executives communicate ™ ® directly to customers and other stakeholders through blogs. These days it seems as if every company, organization, and individual—be it a billion-dollar multinational, a local government, or a person with a passion—is navigating the new communications 1
  • 4. INTRODUCTION landscape and experimenting with blogs, video, and custom publishing. In this regard, we are all in it together. We are all content producers. The disruptions facing the media industry are instructive to any organization. Percentage of This sentiment is what led IBM’s Global Innovation online users Outlook™ to explore opportunities for innovation Europe 40% within the newly amorphous market segment of media, content, branding, and messaging. (For more on the GIO, see About the GIO, page 43.) From the outset, it Total population was clear that this focus area was about much more 800 million than just the media industry. Today, the lessons the media industry is learning the hard way are instructive China 12% to any organization. As in any GIO exploration, our participants directed the course of conversation, choosing the specific areas Total population they felt were ripe for innovation. Meetings took 1.3 billion place in Helsinki, London, Los Angeles, Mumbai, New York, Seoul, and Shanghai, and several promising India 3.7% themes surfaced (see map, page 44). For instance, the idea that context is becoming more important than actual content. Or that achieving an authentic brand Total population image is more critical, and more difficult, than ever. 1.1 billion There were pleas for universal standards for content usage rights. And the hope that the mobile platform could serve as a bridge for the rural disenfranchised, 2
  • 5. GIO 3.0 Report who are eager to connect with the rest of the world in this digital age. Important regional differences became apparent throughout the GIO process. In Shanghai, for example, we heard a great deal about the need for all content to be of both educational and cultural value. In New York, we dove into the topic of piracy and the impact it is having on the established media industry. In Mumbai, there was endless optimism about the role India will play in the future of content creation and distribution. Despite these differences, an overall consensus emerged, suggesting that out of all this disruption comes unprecedented opportunity. Or, as Alok Kejriwal, founder and CEO of Mumbai-based Games2win, said, ™ $18 million “In five years, I don’t think I’ll be the Chief Executive Worldwide motion picture revenues Officer of my company anymore. I’ll think I’ll be lost due to piracy something more like Chief Opportunity Officer. 20 billion Because there are so many paths to go down, the songs downloaded illegally (2005) hardest job will be deciding which one to choose.” This attitude, more than anything, highlights the importance of this GIO topic. The following essays, interviews, and contributions from “deep dive” participants are representative of our global conversa- tions. Ultimately, this report is merely a jumping-off point for further exploration, collaboration when possible, and deeper understanding of the changes affecting every business and organization. 3
  • 6. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 Authenticity The Digital Context Is p. 6 p. 14 p. 20 Persona King The Voice of Youth p. 9 by Eric Hansen, Defining the What Would the p. 19 p. 23 Syracuse University Digital Me Experts Do? A Q&A with The Currency by Steve Masiclat, p. 10 Charles Moore, of Contribution Syracuse University Reuters Not Necessarily Walking the p. 24 p. 13 the News Fine Line of Viral Marketing by John Snyder, Grapeshot A Q&A with Ajoy Krishnamurti, Sankalp Retail Value Stores
  • 7. GIO 3.0 Report CHAPTER 4 CHAPTER 5 Going Mobile Additional About the p. 28 p. 34 p. 43 Perspectives GIO Iconic Literacy p. 33 A Q&A with Content Bill Around the World p. 36 p. 44 Ranjan Kapur, of Rights in 60 Days WPP Group plc. Regional Spotlight: Participating p. 38 p. 46 China Companies Virtual Uncertainty p. 40 by Irving Wladawsky- Berger, IBM
  • 9. GIO 3.0 Report Authenticity Viral anti-marketing, brand loyalty, and listening without fear.
  • 10. AUTHENTICITY It is a classic Catch 22: In this age of marketing savvy and discriminating consumers, the ultimate brand image is one of authenticity. But the harder companies try to manufacture an aura of authenticity, the more readily it is exposed as disingenuous. While it is true that marketers have more channels than ever through which to deliver their branding messages, they have never had less control over how their products and services are perceived in the market. Brands get hijacked on a regular basis, sullied in seconds on the blogosphere or in e-mail chain letters. It’s called viral anti-marketing, and it can change public perception of a product or company in a heartbeat. Anyone who’s watched a politician’s most embarrassing moment replayed millions of times on YouTube knows the devastating quickness with which an image can sour these days (see Walking the Fine Line of Viral Marketing, page 13). To stave off this disturbing trend, companies must 1 blog first understand it. Many students and young created every second consumers claim that authenticity comes not from 9.2 a monologue, but through engagement in a dialogue new blog posts (see The Voice of Youth, opposite). Consumers have per second 8
  • 11. The Voice of Youth exhaustively to shape their identity through mean- ingful actions and innovative products/services. Authenticity, as it relates to brands, is JetBlue is a perfect example. a moving target. We asked Eric Hansen, a 23-year-old graduate of the Syracuse One time I had to spend the night in an airport University Newhouse School of Public to get on an early JetBlue flight, and their Communications, a GIO partner, to help employees brought me a blanket, pillow, and define it for us. Here’s what he had to say: some refreshments for my unexpected slumber party. The authenticity of JetBlue shines not Authenticity is a store of value that generates from the branded exteriors of their Airbuses, but ® trust, admiration and — in most cases — the extra from the plane interiors filled with leather seats boost needed for me to remove my credit card for everybody and your channel of choice for the from its Tumi leather fortress. It’s part experience, entire flight. When their experience was chilled by part conversation, part marketing, and zero parts a catastrophic logistical failure, they spoke to me brand or logo. in an unvarnished tone on YouTube, where I could watch my fellow fliers respond in real time. They One of the most stressful aspects of modern trusted me enough to understand that YouTube human existence is defining one’s own identity. was a public dialogue, so I trust them with my The brands I affiliate myself with have worked airline endeavors. “ JetBlue trusted me enough to understand that YouTube was a public dialogue, so I trust them with my airline endeavors.” —Eric Hansen, graduate of the Syracuse University Newhouse School of Public Communications
  • 12. AUTHENTICITY The Currency unlike the armies of expensive consultants and market analysts that these companies hire regu- of Contribution larly. While many customers are happy to offer their services in exchange for mere recognition, New models of compensation are needed can lawyers and requests for monetary remunera- in the generation of participation. tion be far behind? A now widely accepted aspect of the Internet age is that the communication between companies As the level of participation continues to ratchet that sell things and the people who buy them up, so too must the method of compensation. In has shifted from a monologue to a dialogue. some cases, recognition may be sufficient (like Individuals are enjoying unprecedented say in the director of the user-generated Doritos® com- the way in which their products and services are mercial that played during the 2007 Super Bowl). created and delivered. In some cases, consumers But in other cases, something more substantial are actually creating advertisements, developing is needed, such as discounts, cash, or equity. In products, and refining the messaging of billion- addition, a mechanism is needed to identify the dollar companies. All of which blurs the line most significant contributors to a brand or product, between producer and consumer. both from within a business and from the external ecosystem. If a marketplace for consumer par- This begs the question: How should these people ticipation were established, with definitive rules be compensated for their efforts? Though they are for the valuing of different kinds of participation, not official employees of these companies, they it would likely spur yet more participation and an are undeniably providing a valuable service, not overall increase in product quality. Consumers are creating advertisements, developing products, and refining the messaging of billion-dollar companies.
  • 13. GIO 3.0 Report grown weary of traditional marketing. In particular, the younger generation has found the world to be so full of messaging—whether it’s from companies trying to sell them something, politicians on the campaign trail, or their own parents—that they desperately want to find something real, something that’s not designed to influence them. “Viral anti-marketing is engagement, as far as I’m concerned. We’ve embraced our toughest critics, engaged them in a dialogue, and addressed the issues they’ve cited. Our brand is stronger as a result.” —Karen Becker, Senior Director of Corporate Marketing, Autodesk Thus, with each successive generation of consumers, brand loyalty becomes an increasingly fleeting, and expensive, goal. However, when this new generation of consumers finds a brand they trust, they will freely associate themselves with it, posting it on their MySpace pages, crowing about it on their blogs, and ® building it into their online identities. Though they are 11
  • 14. AUTHENTICITY fiercely skeptical of brand messaging, they are in fact the most branded generation ever. “There is tremendous power in the ‘trusted referral’ or ‘derivative impression’,” says Matt Jacobsen, head of market development at Facebook, referring to the impact that young people ™ can have when they pass along information on brands and products. So how do you achieve that kind of credibility with consumers—and keep it? For one thing, engage them in a conversation. And listen to your critics, without fear. “Viral anti-marketing is engagement, as far as I’m concerned,” said Karen Becker, senior director of corporate marketing at Autodesk. “We’ve embraced ® our toughest critics, engaged them in a dialogue, and addressed the issues they’ve cited. Our brand is stronger as a result.” One GIO participant went so far as to place its most outspoken critic on its board of advisors. While that may be a bit extreme, the truth is that these critics may be your best allies, providing more valuable feedback than the zealots who defend your products in the $1 million Budget to produce a marketplace. Fostering communities of customers and typical critics, engaging them in conversations, and addressing Super Bowl ad issues head on is the best way to achieve authenticity. $12.79 Budget to produce winner of Doritos “Make-Your-Own” Super Bowl ad contest 12
  • 15. “I’m not sure how many consumers believe in paid messaging anymore.” —Ajoy Krishnamurti, CEO, Sankalp Retail Value Stores Q&A from the vendors, and so forth. But consumers expect a retailer to say all those things, even if they Walking the Fine Line are selling junk. So we figured that the moment customers walk in, we needed to persuade them of Viral Marketing that what we are selling is good stuff. And so we offer an absolutely unconditional guarantee: If the Ajoy Krishnamurti, CEO, Sankalp Retail customer is not satisfied, he or she can walk in Value Stores, the Indian franchisee of the ™ with a half-empty jar of peanut butter and take MyDollarStore™ chain, shares his thoughts something else instead. There are absolutely on achieving an authentic brand. no questions asked. We don’t even ask for the cash receipt if we know the product is ours. They GIO: When you rely on word of mouth to spread just bring the product back and take something the message of your business, sometimes the else instead. And we started putting a stamp wrong message can get spread around, too. Has on the back of the cash receipt saying, “Goods that ever happened to you? once sold will be taken back,” because in India a KRISHNAMURTI: The products that we price standard thing is that goods, once sold, will not at 99 rupees (about U.S. $2.00) are actually sig- be taken back. nificantly cheaper than they are in other markets. GIO: So instead of pushing a message on to So what’s happened is that customers question the consumer, you’ve essentially changed your whether the product is genuine. They say, “Are service offering to the consumer and allowed that you sure the product is not life-expired?” That to take hold in the market. happens when you’re selling at 99 rupees. And KRISHNAMURTI: Yes, I think we have had to, for us that has been a fairly tough thing to combat, because if you look at what’s happening today, because customers are looking at a good thing there are two realities. One is that I’m not sure how negatively. They think that this kind of a price point many consumers believe in paid messaging any- is just not possible. And that is something we have more. The second is the pervasiveness of unpaid to try and combat in some form or another. messaging that’s happening in terms of word of GIO: But with no marketing or advertising mouth, whether it’s e-mails that go around, or the budget, how do you combat that kind of viral stuff that you see on blogs and customer reviews. anti-marketing? You can’t influence that. You can hope to do your KRISHNAMURTI: There are two things we have best and make sure that the customers are happy, done. We realized we could have advertised the and therefore they talk to other people about it. fact that all our goods are fresh, imported directly
  • 16. AUTHENTICITY CHAPTER 2
  • 17. GIO 3.0 Report The Digital Persona Who should own your online identity?
  • 18. THE DIGITAL PERSONA Personalization. It’s the holy grail of media and messaging in the Internet age, and it’s been promised in myriad ways to both content producers and consumers. The vision at the dawn of the Web was of advertisements that know your name, news stories crafted specifically to your interests, and a world of unrelenting relevancy. However, even with the advances made by media producers and advertisers in this digital age, it often feels as if they’re still guessing who is on the receiving end of their content. The march toward the elusive “market of one” has been slower than many believed it would be. Online book retailers serve up suggestions “recommended for you” based on gifts you bought for your mother-in-law. Online video services assume you’re a conspiracy buff just because you once rented Oliver Stone’s J.F.K.™ Why do these marketing efforts, and the powerful algorithms that direct them, feel so off the mark? Mostly because they’re working with Cost to reach comparatively limited data sets, with no ability to customers across different advertising account for changes in taste, whim, and caprice. In channels: short, they miss the human element. $8 Internet search But there is an alternative: the digital persona. $20 Yellow pages This idea presupposes that a segment of the population $60 E-mail $70 Direct mail wants to control its own personal data, license it out to 16
  • 19. GIO 3.0 Report trusted marketers and content providers, and update it as their needs change. For example, if you are getting married, you will want specific articles and information that would aid in planning the wedding. But after the wedding, you may be looking for information about buying a home. To change the mix of content and ads you receive, you would simply update your online marketing profile. Some people call it a “digital locker,” others know it as a digital marketing profile, or digital identity. Ultimately, consumers would be taking back control of their personal data, the same information that is bought and sold hundreds of times over by countless companies. Consumers have already volunteered much of that data to dozens of disconnected service providers: the grocery store loyalty program, credit card companies, iTunes. These are all pieces of a ® digital puzzle that, when fit together, would make a more complete picture of your personal preferences. Add to that a personal level of control over the data, and you would have a very powerful, humanized STORAGE Perhaps no single product of the digital age has had more influence over how content is currently consumed than cheap, plentiful storage. Today, 64 gigabytes of storage will run you about $350 dollars, and comfortably fit in your pocket. You can store 21,000 songs on that amount of disk space. But by 2015, it is not unrealistic to assume that the same amount of money in dollars will get you a terabyte (1,000 gigabytes) of storage. That’s 1.5 million books, 330,000 MP3s, or 185 Wikipedias® in the palm of your hand. And enough storage to carry your entire digital persona with you wherever you go. 17
  • 20. THE DIGITAL PERSONA marketing profile, one that marketers and content producers would love to access. For the consumer, considering how valuable that information is, wouldn’t it be nice to get something in return? Maybe not money, but at least more relevant advertising and deals in exchange for keeping an accurate record. By offering discounts and other incentives in exchange for access to your personal data, marketers could finally achieve that demographic of one. Ultimately consumers can take back control of their personal information — the same information that is bought and sold hundreds of times over by countless companies. There are plenty of challenges to the concept. For one thing, serendipity plays a huge role in both content consumption and advertising (see Defining the Digital Me, opposite). Also, content providers and marketers will have to overcome the privacy concerns of consumers being asked to volunteer personal information. They will inevitably fear abuses of that information, identity theft, and the like. But today’s consumers already offer up their personal data in bits and pieces all the time, and get very little in return. That data gets abused and misused (or worse: misinterpreted) on a daily basis. The digital persona would at least provide a way to take back some small measure of control over that data, and ultimately provide businesses with their coveted market of one. 18
  • 21. “Through better user insight, the value of the advertising inventory rises with greater targeting.” —Charles Moore, Head of Innovation at Reuters Q&A that, and have some sort of commercial role and ownership of that personal data. The opportunity Defining the Digital Me is around establishing the business model that enables the end user to both manage and com- Charles Moore, Head of Innovation mercialize their personal information in a way that at Reuters, describes the benefits of creates value for multiple parties, i.e., the end the user-defined digital persona. user, the advertiser, and the content owner. GIO: What incentive would companies that control GIO: How do you define the “digital persona”? personal or marketing information on individuals MOORE: It’s something along the lines of a have to contribute that information to this digital centralized electronic record around the interest, persona, or digital profile? behaviors, demographics, and other personal MOORE: For the media owner to have access data relating to an individual online, both a mix to a current user profile enables increased value of passively collected data, as well as proactively at two levels. First, they can present customized contributed data. content and create a more relevant user experi- GIO: Would it be entirely up to the consumer to ence. But perhaps more important, through better build and maintain this thing? user insight, the value of the advertising inventory MOORE: Not entirely, but I think the consumer has rises with greater targeting. to have some strong role in what passive informa- GIO: Don’t end users still want some level of tion they allow to be collected about them. So the serendipity from the content they consume? consumer is in control, but is not responsible for all MOORE: That’s an important point. I don’t think of the legwork in terms of data collection. many consumers would ever want a 100 percent GIO: That opens up the philosophical question of personalized world where they are in complete who owns and controls the value of personal data. editorial control of all of the content that they con- MOORE: I think that’s the nub of the matter and sume. I think one of the things people like about the potential opportunity here. I think most of this some of the existing media forms, such as news- information already exists today, and I think most paper, is the editorial element and introducing users aren’t aware of how much of their personal content that they wouldn’t otherwise be exposed data is actually out there, being resold by the to or choose to read on a standalone basis. I think marketing database outfits or just being collected there’s probably a balance somewhere in the about them as they go about their everyday online middle. The consumer will ultimately decide what surfing habits. So I think there’s an opportunity that balance should be. for the end user to actually take more control of
  • 22. AUTHENTICITY CHAPTER 3
  • 23. GIO 3.0 Report Context Is King In the age of free content, the future (and the money) is in the context.
  • 24. CONTEXT IS KING These days, “content”—be it a newspaper article, movie, song, or piece of market research—is of limited and rapidly diminishing value. For this we have the Internet, its limitless cache of content and the ease with which that content can be shared, to thank. The digital age has made obtaining content nearly frictionless, creating a perception in the marketplace that content is free, or worth very little. Perhaps that’s why so many companies are focusing their efforts on the next ruler of the media landscape: context. That is not to say that content is unimportant. But it is quickly becoming the commodity backbone WHAT IS CONTEXT? Context, as it applies to content, comes in many shapes and sizes. The basic defi- nition is this: any information that adds value to a piece of content, either for the producer or consumer, by affecting the delivery or consumption of said content. The most commonly understood example of adding context to content is location-based services. When you add information about an individual’s physical location, it affects what kind of content they would like to consume (local restaurants, movie times, or news broadcasts) and how they would like to consume it (mobile phone, Web browser, etc.). If con- tent is the “what,” context is the “when,” “where,” and “how.” 22
  • 25. GIO 3.0 Report What Would the a story, but most do not. But what if those masses could see how a true expert went about achieving Experts Do? understanding of a topic? Steve Masiclat, Director of the New Media What we need is the ability to see an expert path Master’s Program at Syracuse University, through a set of pages. If one could capture an on the value of following an expert’s path expert’s context in the form of the path traversed through the Web. and time spent on the search for meaning, one might have a picture of the missing contextual We live in a sea of digital information right at our data needed to make the picture whole. One would fingertips, but searching for it is an exercise in vari- definitely have a valuable new set of information; able success and excess. The Internet has made you would have both an expert’s information set publishers of millions. Everything is available to us and an ideal path through it. all the time, and the amount of data doubles every five years. What we need is context, a schema Arguably, this is the service editors provide. But that orders these vast amounts of information into where newspaper editors worked by culling a related and comprehendible structures. limited set of stories into those deemed “news- worthy,” the Internet includes everything. The problem with the way we create context today is that we use what experts call ontology, Information is a commodity and a low-cost one at or data models. But what if that ontology has that. The cry for context is really a cry for service holes, as most do? Can you contextualize around built upon the commodity; a cry for the ability to missing data? tailor that data to specialized needs and turn it into intelligence. The most valuable service is the Expert Internet users, hunting for information, intelligence of an experienced data miner, and will systematically go about finding all the pieces their traverses through the morass. If that path they need to build a satisfactory understanding of could be turned into an interactive, clickable, and a topic, using myriad sources. This is a behavior clearly visible artifact, it would be a valuable addi- undertaken every day by thousands of Internet tion to the universe of information. That’s a news users with as many varying levels of success. object I’d subscribe to. Some find enough information to make sense of “Following the path of an experienced data miner as he traverses the Internet has tremendous value.” —Steve Masiclat, Director of the New Media Master’s Program at Syracuse University
  • 26. AUTHENTICITY Not Necessarily context of a story across the corpus of all stories. The “delta” across documents, when compared, the News starts to unlock intrinsic value in each document. John Snyder, Founder of Grapeshot, All of this can provide a benchmark for whether a explains his efforts to extract value from story is anything different and new in terms of con- the flood of online news stories. textual content. Through this constant, real-time analysis, we can also determine which stories Fresh news is not always relevant news. And when are “accelerating,” or increasing in aggregate there is a sea of information relentlessly beating importance throughout the Web. In this way we upon our shores, how do we start to understand can distill the relevance of the news flow. It is this what should actually be read or acted upon? relevance that helps to define the news you and I should hear about. Plotting the trajectory of a A simple keyword search on a single company story helps to separate the signal from the noise. name in Google™ news can return an endless number of irrelevant hits. But there is an alterna- In addition, by tracking and discerning the content tive: use all the keywords. that individuals habitually read, and creating a user’s “personal DNA,” we can match the DNA If one compares the 500 words in one story with of news stories to a user’s preference, thereby the 480 words in another story, patterns begin to increasing relevancy. You cannot possibly see emerge. This analysis could be called the “DNA” of everything on the Web, so when it comes to the story, and when you compare that DNA against getting the right things, less is more. the DNA of all other news stories, it defines the “The “delta” across documents, when compared, starts to unlock intrinsic value in each document.” —John Snyder, Founder of Grapeshot
  • 27. GIO 3.0 Report around which contextual services can be built. In this regard, the media business is transitioning into a service model, not unlike dozens of other industries in the search for higher margins. For example, one network executive at the GIO meeting in New York was very keen on tracking content with some kind of technology that would report back Content is quickly becoming the commodity backbone around which contextual services can be built. usage information. Surprisingly, his primary concern was not fighting piracy, but rather discerning where the content had been, how it had been consumed, and how many people had consumed it. Some content, especially advertiser-supported content, would increase in value the more people consumed it. Other content, like a stock tip, would decrease in value as more people viewed it. In this case, context acts as a bridge between the intention of content, and its actual results. But where’s the business model? “The money is there if you can connect ads with 25
  • 28. CONTEXT IS KING people’s intent,” says John Snyder, the founder of a U.K.-based startup called Grapeshot, which is ™ developing software to help measure the “trajectory and velocity” of news stories on the Web to help advertisers connect with the right content at the right time. “Most places are unaware of the intent of their readers. Personalization has to reflect intent and context.” DATA MINING Data is everywhere. It’s universally accepted that humans do a great job of collecting data in the digital age. The problem is what to do with all of it. With advances in processing power and analytics software, the next 10 years could see a revolutionary change in how we make sense of disparate data. As we discussed in the essays on context and digital persona, taking consumer or business data, making sense of it, and applying it in real time is an extremely powerful proposition. And the advances that are expected in this field will enable not only better personalization of content and marketing, but also predictive services for use in myriad business applications, like Reuters is already doing. By using powerful analytics software to sift through the universe of data, businesses should be able to not only tell what has happened, but also what will happen. 26
  • 29. GIO 3.0 Report Another example of distilling context from content comes from one of IBM’s GIO partners, Reuters. The ® global news organization has a new take on algorithmic trading, the automated trading platforms used by many Wall Street firms. Leveraging its relentless coverage of the world financial markets, Reuters has developed a service that trades stocks based on whether a company is receiving positive or negative treatment in the press. In milliseconds, the software can scan the Reuters universe of news content, determine the overall sentiment of that news toward a particular company or industry, and place trades accordingly. 6 million As data analytics continue to be refined, and the articles found on Wikipedia ability to match complex and disparate data sets to an individual’s preferences is developed, there are many 182 non-English editions of opportunities for content producers to learn more Wikipedia about how their content is consumed and where its true value lies. That doesn’t make it any easier for the hundreds of media companies that have built billion- dollar businesses by creating and selling content. But it does provide a path to some much-needed new revenue sources. 27
  • 30. AUTHENTICITY CHAPTER 4
  • 31. GIO 3.0 Report Going Mobile Can wireless communications bridge the digital and economic divides?
  • 32. GOING MOBILE It’s easy to think that the Internet is pervasive throughout this new, so-called flat world. But the truth is that huge swaths of the globe are still without access to computers and the telephone lines that connect them to the Internet. This phenomenon is commonly known as the digital divide. And while there have been many well-intentioned attempts to connect rural areas across the globe to the Internet, one aspect has perhaps not been as well thought out: Connecting is not the same as engaging. When exploring issues around delivering content to the rural poor, mainly through the use of cheap laptop computers, there is a complicating factor. Even if you were able to supply the masses with computers, and connect them to the Internet, a large percentage of the impoverished are illiterate, and would find it difficult to master written language skills and a computer interface at the same time. As it happens, some of the most undeveloped parts of the world are already beginning to experience the connectivity of the Internet—but they are using mobile devices instead of cheap laptops or obsolete desktop computers. The mobile platform is clearly establishing itself as a superior bridge for the digital divide. The infrastructure is easier to build, the handsets are more 30
  • 33. GIO 3.0 Report affordable, and the interface is easier to master. The advantage of mobile devices over PCs is that they rely heavily on graphical interfaces, and do not require a mastery of written language to operate. For the most part they are still used largely for making voice calls, though the potential is far greater. 12 billion “It’s a pity if mobile phones are used only for voice mobile phones in use worldwide telephony,” says Ranjan Kapur, the country manager in India for global advertising firm WPP.™ Kapur has a passion for making mobile phones and the content they could provide to the rural poor more accessible. He believes that a universal iconic language could develop on the mobile platform, ushering in widespread adoption, and even facilitating commerce between India, China, The mobile platform is clearly establishing itself as a superior bridge for the digital divide. Africa, and the rest of the world (see Iconic Literacy, page 33). “We need to find a way to make mobile telephones more productive.” One way to make mobiles more useful to people who lack reading and writing skills would be to consider what an “Audio Web” would look like. Not the Web as we know it, converted into a phone, but an Internet that could be navigated solely through the use of voice. Information could be exchanged and transactions could be conducted exclusively through voice commands. Call it the “Spoken Web.” Real-time voice translation services 31
  • 34. GOING MOBILE would also go a long way toward enabling communications and commerce between dialects and languages that have strong oral cultures, yet very little literacy. Simply put, wireless has the potential to connect, create markets, and build new wealth. Besides delivering content that could spur regional businesses (like getting crop-specific information to improve yields), the mobile platform also has the potential to bring rural environments into the political fold, facilitate distance-learning, and dramatically improve healthcare through telemedicine. At the same time, Westerners should not assume they know the type of content these rural regions need. The trick is getting enough handsets into the hands of the people, so they themselves can begin to create the content they need. Few could have predicted the Internet’s many uses before it was unleashed and placed into the hands of millions of users. There’s no reason to think the mobile platform will be any different. WIRELESS BROADBAND Get ready for the wireless streaming age. Wireless broadband speeds will make quantum leaps in the next 10 years. Imagine 100 megabits per second flowing to your cell phone or mobile device. That’s enough speed to stream music, movies, or video conference. This wireless surge has major repercussions, not just for consumer media consumption, but also in enterprise data access. With immediate access to virtu- ally any piece of data or content you could want, thousands of new business models become possible. 32
  • 35. “What we need is a universal language; a communication code based on visual icons.” —Ranjan Kapur, Country Manager, WPP Group plc. Q&A literate, are interacting with technology. They’re playing video games. What is their medium of Iconic Literacy interaction? It’s all visual. GIO: Can this visual medium be scaled up, Ranjan Kapur, Country Manager for India, all the way from video games to complex WPP Group plc., on visual languages and communications? their potential for the rural masses. KAPUR: We have to overcome this problem of educating the masses to be able to get the real GIO: What is driving the need for mobile com- benefits of technology. Today the real benefits of munications in rural India? technology are not available to illiterate people. KAPUR: In India we have about 625,000 villages. And I think that visual icons can probably overcome Almost 67 percent of our population (about 700 this issue. What we need is a universal language, million people) live in rural areas. Distances are a communication code which I suspect is going vast in this country, and these areas are discon- to be based on some visual icons, because that nected from each other. We have in excess of 800 seems the easiest, and most universally recog- known dialects. And a dialect changes every 10 nizable way of being able to communicate with kilometers. Now you can imagine what that does each other. for communication. Over 200 million people in Take mobile telephony. Mobile telephony is India live in what I call “media dark” areas. They growing at the rate somewhere between 6 and have no media available to them. No TV. No print. 7 million new phones per month in India, which No radio. means that we have somewhere between 75 and GIO: What role does illiteracy play in keeping 90 million phones coming into the market every these folks disconnected? year. Half of them will be in the hands of a rural KAPUR: Literacy is defined as an individual’s ability community that is considered illiterate. Literacy to read and write language, but literacy cannot and is not going to grow at the same pace as mobile will never be a measure of intelligence. And neither telephony. The question is, can we develop a is literacy a measure of an individual’s capability visual icon language that allows the rural com- to communicate and/or conduct business. English munity to actually interact through those visual itself is a very complicated language. That’s where icons to conduct commerce, conduct business, this whole issue of visual icons comes in. Children find enterprise solutions, and communicate with today, young kids, three years old, who have not other people? yet reached the level at which they can be called
  • 36. AUTHENTICITY CHAPTER 5
  • 37. GIO 3.0 Report Additional Perspectives A possible solution to the piracy problem; China’s media ambitions; and the impact of virtual worlds on branding.
  • 38. AUTHENTICITY Content Bill of Rights Universal standards for content usage rights could save the digital media business. To consumers, current digital rights In this new scenario, usage rights would be management solutions seem arbitrary, attached to a piece of content, not the device proprietary, and terribly inconvenient. And used to consume it or the mechanism used to through its tireless (and justifiable) efforts to deliver it. In other words, if you bought a digital protect intellectual property, the media industry copy of Disney’s Pirates of the Caribbean, you ™ has inadvertently cultivated an adversarial would own the right to view that movie in all its relationship between itself and its potential forms, regardless of whether you watched it on customers. That’s no way to run a business. DVD, your iPod, your computer, or in a hotel ™ room while on a business trip. If you misplaced Perhaps that’s why many media industry the DVD, you would be able to download it executives are intrigued by the concept of again, no extra charge. The rules would be universal standards. These standards would simple, fair, and universally applicable, creating define the way different types of content can be an acceptable contract between the producers used, rather than the diverse DRM solutions in and consumers of content. use today. The belief is that some kind of “content bill of rights” could more clearly define But more important, this content bill of rights, usage, reduce friction, and perhaps spur whatever form it ultimately takes, would be sales of digital content. Maybe even enough written collaboratively, through a combination to save those businesses built around the of input from content producers, distributors, creation and distribution of digital media. device manufacturers, and consumers. 36
  • 39. GIO 3.0 Report Student participants in the GIO repeatedly Despite widespread public opinion to the bemoaned their lack of a voice in their contrary, the media industry is not unreasonable relationship with the music industry. The in its demands. “There needs to be some students feel the industry treats them as the platform where people can transfer content the enemy. As a result, though moral high ground way they want to but allow producers to monetize is actually with the industry, public sentiment it,” said Andy Tseng, a general manager at Sony™ Electronics, an IBM GIO partner. Usage rights would be attached The content bill of rights would not solve the to a piece of content, not the technical limitations of digital rights device used to consume it or the management; some consumers will always mechanism used to deliver it. steal content if given the choice. But if the universal rights were widely understood and is with consumers. But if consumers were given undeniably fair, it might encourage a greater a voice — through open online forums, wikis, percentage of consumers to pay for their or other collaboration tools — in constructing the content. And that alone would be a victory, new rules of content consumption, perhaps that of sorts, for the industry. relationship could be repaired. 37
  • 40. AUTHENTICITY Regional Spotlight: China With the eyes of the world upon it, China aims to tell its story.
  • 41. GIO 3.0 Report These days, no matter what the topic, the value. By becoming a leader in content creation, whole world seems to want to know what particularly by populating the Internet with impact China may have on it. And so it is with Chinese language content, China could tell the media and content. world of its glorious past and bright future. But China will have great challenges to overcome in Not surprisingly, China sees itself playing a this regard, most of them self-imposed. major role in the future of media and content creation and distribution. What is surprising, For one thing, the media and the Internet in however, is how strongly the Chinese feel about China are controlled by the state. Some of our the purpose of that content. GIO participants complained that until artists and creative types feel comfortable expressing “You have to take a long-term view,” said Can Chinese content tell Lawrence Tse, a partner in Gobi Partners, an the rest of the world about early-stage venture capital firm based in Shanghai and Beijing. “We’re not just talking Chinese culture? about getting Chinese language content on the Internet, we’re looking at what kind of content themselves without repercussions, content can transcend language. Everyone in the world creation will never truly flourish in China. Without watches content from Hollywood. But can that artistic freedom, China will have a hard time Chinese content tell the rest of the world about duplicating the success of Hollywood. For this Chinese culture?” reason, and others, foreign investors will be hard to come by. Of course, Hollywood exported American culture incidentally, more as a byproduct of its success Ultimately, China’s success in producing and in the entertainment business than anything else. disseminating content lies in its own hands. But in China there is a widespread sense that all It has the world’s attention already — it’s only content should have educational and cultural a matter of what it wants to say.
  • 42. AUTHENTICITY Virtual Uncertainty Irving Wladawsky-Berger, Chairman Emeritus of the IBM Academy of Technology, on the impact of virtual worlds on the business landscape.
  • 43. GIO 3.0 Report It’s not often that the media industry goes by content I mean everything from information, through major upheavals. There was the advertising, and interactive content to the television back in the 1940s; the VCR in the traditional forms of media content — must be 1970s; and of course, the Internet in the 1990s. completely rethought. In virtual worlds, it’s less about consumerism, and more about But now, in 2007, we are facing the second expressionism. Ironically, the power of major upheaval in just the last decade. Before technology has created an extremely human the dust has a chance to settle from the Internet element to these worlds. Any company revolution, we are already taking our initial steps looking to do business in these worlds had into the next: the virtual world revolution. better keep that in mind, lest their message get misconstrued, ignored, or co-opted. Just like the World Wide Web is forcing content creators of all stripes to reconsider how they We are merely at the beginning of this revolution, craft and distribute their messages, the rapidly and it is impossible to say what new platforms developing virtual world, or 3D Internet, is of content creation and distribution may arise changing the game again. This time, however, over time. But businesses interested in branding with the memory of how the Internet changed and messaging in these worlds had better the media landscape still fresh in our minds, we consider their new contextual surroundings, have a chance to recognize and capitalize on In virtual worlds, it’s less this movement to virtual worlds, which is still in about consumerism and more its most embryonic stages. Today’s virtual about expressionism. worlds are to the future of the Web what silent movies were to Hollywood: merely the first step in a wide-open world to come. and create campaigns that are sufficiently appropriate for the medium. Done right, Virtual worlds are an entirely different medium virtual worlds present a compelling new than anything that has come before it. They are medium for the old school media companies, incredibly expressive, interactive, and personal. the marketers that rely on them, and the Therefore, content created for those worlds — and consumers they both want to reach.
  • 44. nc w m n q gv g j u u al r o o n b 42
  • 45. ABOUT THE GIO In early 2004, IBM took an unprecedented step: We opened up our annual technology and business forecasting processes to the world with the first Global Innovation Outlook. We gathered our top researchers, consultants, and business leaders, armed them with the latest insights on emerging technical trends and socioeconomic shifts, and created a platform upon which our entire innovation ecosystem could join together to surface new and unforeseen opportunities for business and societal innovation. pt o The GIO is rooted in the belief that, in the early days of the 21st century, the very nature of innovation has changed. It is increasingly open, r s wy collaborative, multidisciplinary, and global. This shift means that the truly revolutionary innovations of our time — those that will create new markets, l fj redefine old ones, and maybe even change the world for the better — require the participation and investment of multiple constituencies. The GIO p challenges some of the brightest minds on the planet — from the worlds of od p u i business, politics, academia, and nonprofits — to collaboratively address some of the most vexing issues on earth. n z This collaboration begins with a series of open, dynamic conversations x called “deep dives.” To date, more than 40 GIO deep dives on six continents have brought together close to 500 influencers from dozens of countries. These free-form conversations, fueled by a diverse mix of expertise and k perspectives, are inevitably candid and spirited. Collectively, they result in an explosion of ideas that spark new relationships, policy initiatives, and market opportunities for all involved. Previous topic areas have included the environment, healthcare, and transportation. For copies of reports from previous GIOs, please visit www.ibm.com/gio. 43
  • 46. AROUND THE WORLD IN 60 DAYS Pursuing a truly global perspective on the future of media and content, IBM convened nine GIO deep dives in seven cities across the globe. Here is a sampling of the regional findings from the GIO blog, which can be found at gio.typepad.com. nc NEW YORK: w Young people have m n q gv no sympathy for the struggles of media companies j trying to protect their copyrighted material. They don’t recognize ru the word “piracy.” They call it “sharing.” LOS ANGELES: Listening without fear to l customers and critics is the only way to achieve an authentic brand. o o LONDON: Content, though shared and distributed in myriad n new ways, has not substantially changed in b hundreds of years. 44
  • 47. pt o SEOUL: There is value in letting content providers know just what kind of content s wy you’re in the mood for, like an instant- fj message status indicator for content. HELSINKI: p Personal broadcasting could help individuals pu n identify content and like-minded people in z any location, creating k x spontaneous communities in real time. SHANGHAI: If China emerges as a global force in media and content production, MUMBAI: it should use that What if a universal, position to educate the visual language — world about Chinese culture and values. developed through the use of mobile devices — that could bridge the technology divide, not just in India, but in Central Asia and throughout Africa as well? 45
  • 48. The GIO meetings on media and content brought together 142 ecosystem participants from 18 countries in seven cities. Contributors include representatives from the following companies and organizations: 4 Jems Entertainment International Academy of Television Shanghai Telecom Technology Aarhus School of Business Arts & Sciences Research Institute Academy of Motion Picture iVillage Six Apart, Ltd. Arts and Sciences JoongAng m&b Skylake Incuvest & Co. AmCham Intellectual Property Rights Kim & Chang Sobey Digital Technology Co., Ltd. Committee Korea Digital Satellite Broadcasting Sofinnova Partners AT&T Labs, Inc. (SkyLife) Sony Corporation of America Autodesk, Inc. Kulow Kommunikation Sony Electronics, Inc. Bertelsmann AG Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. Sony Pictures Entertainment, Inc. Bharti Airtel Ltd. Lightspeed Venture Partners Spiritel plc Big 92.7 FM Linden Lab Stanford University CEDEO.net Malayala Manorama Sulake Corporation Oy w Chaos Computer Club Massachusetts Institute of Technology Syracuse University China International Electronic Mayfield Fund Tallinn University of Technology Commerce Center McGovern & Associates PC Target Partners Columbia Business School Motorola, Inc. Tata Sky g Columbia University Mr. Youth LLC Tatter & Company Copenhagen Business School Nanfang Daily Group Technicolor Dayang Technology Development Inc. NEOGAMES Telenor Research & Innovation Draftfcb Neowiz TELUS Corp. Dynamoid Oy New Delhi Television Limited Teosto Elisa Oyj NGEN Media Services Pvt. Ltd. The9 Limited European Centre for International Nokia Corp. Think Tank Group UK Political Economy Norwegian Broadcasting Corp. Time Inc. European Commission Office of Communications (Ofcom) Tsinghua University Facebook, Inc. Ogilvy & Mather Union Square Ventures Fairfax Digital Ltd. OhmyNews University of Helsinki FeedBurner Oxford Säid Business School University of Manchester Financial Times Peking University University of Southern California Finnair Cargo Procter & Gamble Co. Marshall School of Business Games2win India Pvt. Ltd. Public Knowledge Viking Venture George Mason University Reliance Communications Ltd. Virgin Media Gobi Partners Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Vodafone Group plc Grapeshot Ltd. Reuters Group plc Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Hanyang University RPG Enterprises The Walt Disney Company Harley-Davidson, Inc. Sankalp Retail Value Stores Pvt. Ltd. Warner Music Finland Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Science Business Publishing Ltd. Wharton School, University of Limited Seagate Technology Pennsylvania Home Box Office, Inc. Seoul Metropolitan Government WI Harper Group Honjo International Scholarship Seoul National University WPP Group plc Foundation Shanda Interactive Entertainment Ltd. Xerox Innovation Group iN3 Partners, Inc. Shanghai Academy of Social Science Z+ Partners Indian Institute of Technology Madras Shanghai Jiao Tong University Zee Entertainment Enterprises Ltd. Institute for Information Industry 46
  • 49. GIO 3.0 Report The worlds of media, content, branding, and messaging are changing so rapidly that it’s not unrealistic to think a startup could appear tomorrow and rewrite all the rules again by the end of this decade. That kind of change requires adaptability, a willingness to collaborate, and near constant innovation. That’s why the GIO ecosystem of businesses, academic institutions, and nonprofit groups that worked together to forge the preceding insights is already working to create market initiatives and thought leadership papers on these subjects and others. For more information about the GIO and its outcomes, please visit our website at www.ibm.com/gio. IBM, the IBM logo, ibm.com, are registered trademarks or trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. © Copyright IBM Corporation 2007. All Rights Reserved.
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