Sterilization and Disinfection in Dentistry
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The document discusses sterilization and disinfection procedures for dental instruments, units, and laboratories. It describes the classification of dental instruments based on risk of transmission and sterilization requirements. Proper sterilization methods like steam autoclaving and dry heat are outlined along with disinfection of dental units, environmental surfaces, and handling of items in the dental laboratory.
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Sterilization and Disinfection in Dentistry
- 1. STERILIZATIONANDDISINFECTION -DENTAL INSTRUMENTS -DENTAL UNIT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES -DENTAL LABORATORY BY VINEETHA.K
- 3. DENTAL INSTRUMENTS CLASSIFICATION BASED ON RISK OF TRANSMISSION AND NEED OF STERILIZATION -CRITICAL -SEMI-CRITICAL
- 4. CRITICAL INSTRUMENTS • Penetrate MUCOUS MEMBRANES or CONTACT BONE, BLOODSTREAM, or other normally sterile tissues • HEAT STERILIZE between uses or use sterile single-use, DISPOSABLE devices • Examples include SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS,
- 5. SEMI-CRITICAL INSTRUMENTS • Contact MUCOUS MEMBRANES but do NOT PENETRATE SOFT TISSUE • HEAT STERILIZE or HIGH-LEVEL DISINFECT • Examples: DENTAL MOUTH MIRRORS, AMALGAM CONDENSERS, AND DENTAL HANDPIECES
- 6. NONCRITICAL INSTRUMENTS AND DEVICES • Contact intact SKIN • Clean and disinfect using a LOW TO INTERMEDIATE LEVEL DISINFECTANT • Examples: X-RAY HEADS, FACEBOWS, PULSE OXIMETER, BLOOD PRESSURE CUFF
- 8. METHODS OF STERILIZATION • THE STEAM AUTOCLAVE • CHEMICLAVE • DRY HEAT OVENS • OTHERS -EXPOSURE TO ETHYLENE OXIDE GAS -BOILING WATER -IONIZING RADIATION
- 9. AUTOCLAVE • Sterilization with STEAM UNDER PRESSURE • Time required at 1210 C is 15 mins at 15 lbs of pressure. Advantages • Rapid and effective • Effective for sterilizing cloth surgical packs and towel packs Disadvantages • Items sensitive to heat cannot be sterilized • It tends to corrode carbon steel burs
- 10. CHEMICLAVING Sterilization by CHEMICAL VAPOR UNDER PRESSURE • operates at 1310 C and 20 lbs of pressure. • They have a cycle time of half an hour. Advantages • Carbon steel and other carbon sensitive burs, instruments and pliers are sterilized without rust or corrosion Disadvantages • Items sensitive to elevated temperature will be damaged
- 11. DryHeatSterilization Conventional dry heat ovens: • Achieved at temperature above 1600 C. • Have heated chambers that allow air to circulate by gravity flow. • 6-12mins is required for sterilization • Disadvantages • Without careful calibration, more chances sterilization failures • The most accurate way to calibrate a sterilization cycle is by using external temperature gauge (pyrometer) attached
- 12. Sterilization Monitoring Types of Indicators • Mechanical –Measure time, temperature, pressure • Chemical –Change in color when physical parameter is reached • Biological (spore tests) –Use biological spores to assess the sterilization process directly
- 13. DISINFECTION OF DENTAL UNIT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES
- 14. DENTAL UNIT •Cleaned by DISPOSIBLE TOWELING •EPA-ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIVE AGENCY •use an EPA registered hospital disinfectant •Cleaning Agents Like PHENOLICS, IODOPHORS, CHLORINE CONTAINING compunds
- 15. ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACES • CLINICAL CONTACT SURFACES –High potential for DIRECT CONTAMINATION from spray or spatter or by contact with gloved hand. • HOUSEKEEPING SURFACES
- 17. CLEANING CLINICAL CONTACT SURFACES • Risk of transmitting infections greater than for housekeeping surfaces. • Surface barriers can be used and changed between patients. OR • Clean then disinfect using an EPA- registered low- (HIV/HBV claim) to intermediate-level (tuberculocidal claim) hospital disinfectant.
- 19. Cleaning Housekeeping Surfaces • Routinely clean with SOAP AND WATER or an EPA-REGISTERED DETERGENT/HOSPITAL DISINFECTANT routinely • Clean MOPS AND CLOTHS and allow to dry thoroughly before re-using.
- 20. DISINFECTION AND THE DENTAL LABORATORY
- 21. BASICS OF LABORATORY IC • Need COORDINATION between DENTAL OFFICE AND LAB • Use of proper methods/materials for handling and decontaminating soiled incoming items • All contaminated INCOMING ITEMS should be cleaned and DISINFECTED
- 22. • a sign and monitor system be implemented stating “Only Biologically Clean Items Permitted”
- 23. INCOMING ITEMS • Rinse under running tap water to remove blood/saliva • Disinfect as appropriate • Rinse thoroughly with tap water to remove residual disinfectant • No single disinfectant is ideal or compatible with all items
- 24. OUTGOING ITEMS • Clean and disinfect before delivery to patient • After disinfection: rinse and place in plastic bag with diluted mouthwash until insertion • Do not store in disinfectant before insertion • Label the plastic bag: