1. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS<br />AACI Airport Association Council International<br />AAFI Amateur Athletics Federation of India<br />AAGSP All Assam Gana Sangram Parishad<br />AAPSO Afro-Asian Peoples Solidarity Organisation<br />AASU All Assam Students Union<br />ABM Anti Ballistic Missile<br />ABCDE Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics<br />ABSU All Bodo Students Union<br />ABT Availability Based Tariff<br />AC Alternate Current or Ashok Chakra or Air Conditioner or Antarctic Club<br />AD Ano Domini (After the birth of Jesus)<br />ADA Air Defence Artillery<br />ADB Asian Development Bank<br />AERE Atomic Energy Research Establishment<br />AFLP Accelerated Female Literacy<br />AFPPD Asian Forum of Parliamentarians on Population & Development<br />AGF Asian Games Federation<br />AGOC Asian Games Organization Committee<br />AICC All India Congress Committee<br />AICTE All India Council of Technical Education<br />AICCTU All India Central Council of Trade Unions<br />AICI Agricultural Insurance Corporation of India<br />AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome<br />AIFF All India Football Federation<br />AIIMS All India Institute of Medical Sciences<br />AIL Aeronautics India Limited<br />AIMPLB All India Muslim Personal Law Board<br />AINEC All India Newspapers Editors Conference<br />AIR All India Radio<br />AITUC All India Trade Union Congress<br />ALH Advanced Light Helicopter<br />AM Anti Meridian (Before Noon)<br />AMIE Associate Member of the Institute of Engineers<br />ANC African National Congress<br />APNN Asian Pacific News Network<br />APEC Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation<br />APPLE Asian Passenger Payload Experiment<br />APPU Asian Pacific Postal Union<br />ARF Asian Regional Forum<br />ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome<br />ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations<br />ASLV Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle<br />ASI Archaeological Survey of India<br />ASSOCHAM Associated Chamber of Commerce and Industry (India)<br />AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System<br />ATCI Air Time Committee of India<br />ATF Aviation Turbine Fuel<br />ATPLO All Tripura Peoples Liberation Organisation<br />ATS Anti Tetanus Serum<br />ATTF All Tripura Tribal Force<br />AVARD Association of Voluntary Agencies for Rural Development<br />BAMS Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery<br />BARC Bhabha Atomic Research Centre<br />BBC British Broadcasting Corporation<br />BC Before Christ<br />BCG Bacillus Calmette Guerin (Anti TB Vaccine)<br />BCCI Board of Control for Cricket in India<br />BCCL Bharat Cooking Coal Limited<br />BDL Bharat Dynamics Limited<br />BEL Bharat Electronics Limited<br />BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg<br />BHEL Bharat Heavy Electronics Limited<br />BICP Bureau of Industrial Costs and Prices<br />BIFR Board of Industrial Finance and Reconstruction<br />BIMSTEC Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand Economic Cooperation<br />BIS Bureau of Indian Standards/British Information Service/Bank for International Settlements<br />BLTF Bodo Liberation Tigers Force<br />BPO Business Process Outsourcing<br />B.PHARMA Bachelor of Pharmacy<br />BRL Bharat Refineries Ltd<br />BSF Border Security Force<br />BTC Bodoland Territorial Council<br />CAD Command Area Development<br />CAG Controller of Auditor General<br />CAIR Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics<br />CAS Conditional Access System<br />CASE Commission for Alternative Sources of Energy<br />CAT Control for Advance Technology/Central Administrative Tribunal<br />CAZRL Central Arid Zone Research Institute<br />CBDT Central Board of Direct Taxes<br />CBI Central Bureau of Investigation<br />CBSE Central Board of Secondary Education<br />CCEA Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs<br />CCIC Central Cottage Industries Corporation<br />CCI Consumer Confidence Index<br />CCL Central Coal-fields Limited<br />CCIT Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism<br />CCS Cabinet Committee on Security<br />C-DAC Centre for Development of Advance Computing<br />CDC Consulting Development Centre<br />CDRL Central Drug Research Institute<br />CDS Compulsory Deposit Scheme<br />CEA Central Electrical Authority<br />CENTO Central Treaty Organization<br />CERN Council European Organization for Nuclear Research<br />CFRI Central Fuel Research Institute<br />CFTRI Central Food Technological Research Institute<br />CGCRI Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute<br />CGWB Central Ground Water Board<br />CHOGM Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting<br />CID Criminal Investigation Department<br />CIFT Committee on Invisible Financing Related Trade<br />CIMA Centre of International Modern Art<br />CIRDAP Council of Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific<br />CIRTES Central Institute for Research and Training in Employment Services<br />CIS Commonwealth of Independent States<br />CISF Central Industrial Security Force<br />CITU Centre of Indian Trade Union<br />`CIWTC Central Inland Water Transport Corporation<br />CLASP Child Labour Action and Support Project<br />CMC Cauri Monitoring Committee<br />CMAG Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group<br />CMAL Coal Mines Authority Limited<br />CMDRO Central Marine Design Research Organization<br />CMMACS Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation<br />CMPDI Central Mine Planning and Design Institute<br />CMS Central Monitoring Series<br />CNG Compressed Natural Gas<br />COD Central Ordinance Depot<br />CODESA Convention for a Democratic South Africa<br />COFEPOSA Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act<br />COSPAR Committee On Space Research<br />COPU Committee on Public Undertaking (under Parliament)<br />CORE Congress on Racial Equality<br />CPCB Central Pollution Control Board<br />CPCRI Central Plantation Crops Research Institute<br />CPO Central Passport Organization<br />CPRI Central Power Research Institute<br />CRP Central Reserve Police<br />CRR Cash Reserve Ratio<br />CSE Centre for Science and Environment<br />CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe<br />CSIR Council of Scientific and Industrial Research<br />CTEPC Cotton Textiles Export Promotion Council<br />CTS Computerised Tomography Scanner<br />COCA Control of Organized Crime Act<br />CVC Central Vigilance Commission<br />CVR Cockpit Voice Recorder<br />DAVP Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity<br />DCA Drug and Cosmetic Act<br />DCI Dredging Corporation of India<br />DDT Dichloro Diphenyle TrichloroethaneDDP Desert Development Programme<br />DFDR Digital Flight Data Recorder (Black Box)<br />DIG Deputy Inspector General<br />D.Lit Doctor of Literature<br />DGCA Director General of Civil Aviation<br />DICGC Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation<br />DLO Dead Letter Office<br />DGCEI Directorate General of Central Excise Intelligence<br />DM District Magistrate<br />DMK Dravida Munetra Kazhagam<br />DMRL Defence Metalurgical Research Laboratory<br />DNA Di-oxyribo Nucleic Acid<br />DNEM Dynamic Numeric Encoding Method<br />DPAP Drought Prone Area Programme<br />DPCS Defence Satellite Communication System<br />DPC Dabhol Power Company<br />DPCO Drug Prices Control Order<br />DPSA Deep Penetration Strike Aircraft<br />DRDO Defence Research and Development Organization<br />DRI Director of Revenue Intelligence<br />DSP Digital Signal Processing<br />DST Department of Science & Technology<br />DTH Direct To Home<br />DOTS Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse<br />DVC Damodar Valley Corporation<br />DVD Digital Versatile Disk<br />EAA Easy Animal Aid<br />EAS Employment Assurance SchemeECB European Central Bank<br />ECG Electro Cardiogram Graph<br />ECIL Electronic Corporation of India Limited<br />ECM European Common Market<br />ECOWAS Economic Cooperation Organization of West African States<br />EEC European Economic Community<br />EEG Electro Encephalogram Graph<br />EFTA European Free Trade Association<br />EGPWS Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System<br />EHTP Electronics Hardware Technology Park<br />ELCINA Electronics and Radar Development Establishment<br />ELISA Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay<br />EMF Electromotive Force<br />EMI Equal Monthly Installment<br />EMR Exclusive Marketing Right<br />EMS European Monetary System<br />EMU Electric Multiple Unit<br />ENLF Elam National Liberation Front<br />EOW Economic Offence Wing<br />EPIP Export Promotion Industrial Park<br />EPRLF Elam People’s Revolutionary Liberation Front<br />EPZ Export Processing Zone<br />ERDA Energy Research and Development Administration<br />ERS European Remote Sensing Satellite<br />ERTS Earth Resources Technology Satellite<br />ESA European Space Agency<br />ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific<br />ESMA Essential Services Maintenance Act<br />EVM Electronic Voting Machine<br />EVTR Electro Video Tape Recording<br />EXIM bank Export-Import Bank of India<br />EURECA European Research Coordinating Agency<br />FAO Food and Agriculture Organization<br />FARC Revolutionary Armed Forces of Columbia<br />FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation<br />FBTR Fast Breeder Test Reactor<br />FCV Flue Cured Virginia (a kind of tobacco)<br />FCI Food Corporation of India/Fertilizer Corporation of India<br />FDR Flight Data Recorder (Black Box)<br />FERA Foreign Exchange Regulation Act<br />FEMA Foreign Exchange Management Act<br />FFI Film Federation of India<br />FICCI Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry<br />FIEO Federation of Indian Export Organization<br />FIIA Foreign Investment Implementation Authority<br />FIIT Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer<br />FIPB Foreign Investment Promotion Board<br />FIR First Information Report<br />FRS Fellow of the Royal Society<br />FTA Free To Air<br />FTII Films & Television Institute of India<br />FTZ Free Trade Zone<br />GAIL Gas Authority of India Limited<br />GATT General Agreement on Tariff and Trade<br />GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccine and Immunization<br />GCC Gulf Cooperation Council<br />GIC General Insurance Corporation<br />GMPCS Global Mobile Personal Communications System<br />GMRT Giant Meterweb Radio Telescope<br />GMT Greenwich Mean Time<br />GNLF Gorkha National Liberation Front<br />GNP Gross National Product<br />GPF General Provident Fund<br />GPO General Post Office<br />GPRS General Packet Radio Service<br />GPS Global Positioning System<br />GRA Global Research Alliance<br />GSDI Global Spatial Data Infrastructure<br />GSI Geological Survey of India<br />GSTP Global System of Trade Practices<br />GSOMIA General Security of Military Information Agreement<br />HAC Hindustan Aluminium Corporation<br />HADP Hill Area Development Programme<br />HAL Hindustan Aeronautics Limited<br />HARK Handy Audio Reach Kit System<br />HARTRDN Haryana State Electricity Development Corporation Limited<br />HCF Highest Common FactorHDFC Housing Development Finance Corporation<br />HDPE High Density Poly Ethylene<br />HDTV High Definition Television<br />HEC Heavy Engineering Corporation<br />HEL Heavy Electricals Limited<br />HESH High Explosive Squash Head<br />HISA Hero Indian Sports Academy<br />HIV Human Immuno-deficiency Virus<br />HMI Himalayan Mountaineering Institute<br />HMT Hindustan Machine Tools<br />HPTS High Power Television Transmitter System<br />HTR High Temperature Reactor<br />HUDCO Housing and Urban Development Corporation<br />HYVS High Yield Variety Seeds<br />ICC International Cricket CouncilICCR Indian Council of Cultural RelationsICCW Indian Council of Child WelfareICFTU International Confederation of Free Trade UnionsICHR Indian Council for Historical ResearchICICI Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Ltd.ICJ International Court of JusticeICMR Indian Council of Medical ResearchICO Islamic Conference OrganizationICPA Indian Cricket Players AssociationICRC International Committee of the Red CrossICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid TopicsICSI Indian Company Secretaries InstituteICSSR Indian Council of Social Science ResearchIDA International Development AgencyIDBI Industrial Development Bank of IndiaIDD Iodine Deficiency DisorderIDO International Defence OrganizationIDPL Indian Drugs and Pharmaceuticals LimitedIED Improvised Explosives DeviceIFA Indian Football AssociationIFAD International Fund for Agricultural DevelopmentIFCI Industrial Finance Corporation of IndiaIFFI International Film Festival of IndiaIFFCO Indian Farmers Fertilizers CooperativeIFFS International Federation of Film SocietiesIFTU International Federation of Trade UnionIGMCO Inter-Government Maritime Consultative OrganizationIGNCA Indira Gandhi National Centre for ArtsIIAS Indian Institute of Advance StudiesIIBM Indian Institute of Business ManagementIIDR International Institute for Development ResearchIIPA Indian Institute of Public AdministrationIITM Indian Institute of Tropical MeteorologyIIS Indian Institute of SciencesIISCO Indian Iron and Steel CompanyIIT Indian Institute of TechnologyILO International Labour OrganizationIMA Indian Military AcademyIMCO Inter-government Meritime Consultative OrganizationIMF Indian Mountaineering Foundation/International Monetary FundIMPPA Indian Motion Picture Producers AsscoationINGCA Indira Gandhi Gallery for Culture and ArtINMURSAT International Maritime Satellite OrganisationINMAS Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied SciencesINS Indian Naval Ship/Indian Newspapers SocietyINSAT Indian National SatelliteINSDOC Indian National Scientific Documentation CentreINTAC Indian National Trust for Art and CultureINTELSAT International Telecommunication SatelliteINTERFEET International Force for East TimorINTERPOL Interpole Police OrganisationINCOSPAR Indian National Committee for Space ResearchINTUC Indian National Trade Union CongressIOC International Olympic Committee/Indian Oil CorporationIPC Indian Penal CodeIPCC Inter-government Panel on Climate ChanceIPI International Press InstitutionIPKF Indian Peace Keeping ForceIP-VPN Internet Protocol based Virtual Private NetworkIQ Intelligence QuotientIRA Irish Republic Army/Insurance Regulatory AuthorityIRAS Infrared Astronomical SatelliteIRBM Intermediate Range Ballistic MissileIRCON Indian Railway Construction CompanyIRCS Indian Red Cross SocietyIRDA Insurance Regulatory Development AuthorityIRDP Integrated Rural Development ProgrammeIRO International Refugee OrganizationIRSS Indian Remote Sensing SatelliteISAF International Security Assistance ForceISAS Institute of Space and Astronomical ScienceISB Indian Standard BureauISBA International Sea Bed AuthorityISCUS Indo-Soviet Cultural SocietyISE International Stock ExchangeISM Indian School of MinesISO International Standardized OrganizationISP Internet Services ProviderISRO Indian Space Research OrganizationISS Institute of Social SciencesISSP Indian Scientific Satellite ProjectIST Indian Standard TimeITBP Indo-Tibet Border PoliceITDC Indian Tourism Development CorporationITES IT-Enabled ServicesITPO Indian Trade Promotion OrganizationITO International Trade OrganizationITR Integrated Test RangeITU International Telecommunication UnionITUC Indian Trade Union CongressIUC Interconnect Usage ChargesIUCAA Inter University Centre for Astronomy and AstrophysicsIUCNNR International Union for the Conservation of Natural and National ResearchIVRI Indian Veterinary Research InstituteIVRS Interactive Virus Response SystemIWT Indus Water TreatyIYSH International Year of Shelter for the HomelessJCWI Joint Council for the Welfare of ImmigrantsJKLF Jammu Kashmir Liberation FrontJMM Jharkhand Mukti MorchaKAADC Karbi Anglong Autonomous District CouncilKARP Kalpakkam Atomic Reprocessing PlantKG Kinder GartenKRM Kashmir Resolution MovementKSTPS Kota Super Thermal Power StationKVIC Khadi and Village Industries CommissionLAC Line of Actual ControlLAHDC Ladakh Hill Development CouncilLASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of RadiationLDC Lower Division ClerkLIBOR London Inter Bank Offered RateLIC Life Insurance Corporation of IndiaLLB Bachelor of LawLLD Doctor of LawLLM Master of LawLMG Light Machine GunLOC Line of ControlLOAC Line of Actual ControlLPA Laws Prevention Association of IndiaLPG Liquefied Petroleum GasLSD Lysergic acid Di-ethylamideLTTE Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam MA Master of ArtsMAIT Manufacturer’s Association of Information TechnologyMAPP Madras Atomic Power ProjectMASER Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of RadiationMBA Master of Business AdministrationMBBS Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of SurgeryMCA Master of Computer ApplicationMCC Melbourne Cricket ClubMCF Master Control FacilityMCOCA Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime ActMD Doctor of MedicineMECL Mineral Exploration Corporation LimitedMEET Mission for Extension of Educational TechnologyMENAS Middle East Navigation Aids ServiceMERC Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory CommissionMETO Middle East Treaty OrganizationMFALA Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Labour AgencyMFALS Marginal Farmers and Agricultural Liberation SchemeMFN Most Favoured NationMI Military IntelligenceMIGA Multilateral Investment Guarantee AgencyMISA Maintenance of Internal Security ActMIT Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyMLA Member of Legislative AssemblyMLC Member of Legislative CouncilMMDS Multiple Microwave Distribution SystemMMTC Minerals and Metals Trading CorporationMNAMS Member of National Academy of Medical SciencesMNC Multi National CorporationMNLF Moro National Liberation FrontMPLS Micro Protocol Label SwitchingMPLANDS Member of the Parliament Local Areas Development SchemeMRTPC Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practice CommissionMRTS Mass Rapid Transport SystemMSA Maritime Safety AgencyMST Multi System TransmissionMTCT Mother to Child TransmissionMTCR Missile Technology Control RegimeMODVAT Modified Value Added TaxMULTA Muslim United Liberation Tigers of AssamNABARD National Bank for Agricultural and Rural DevelopmentNACO National AIDS Control OrganizationNADAMS National Agricultural Drought Assessment and Monitoring SystemNAEP National Adult Educational ProgrammeNAFED National Agricultural and Marketing FederationNAFEN Near and Far East NewsNAFTA North American Free Trade AgreementNANAP Non-Aligned News Agency PoolNAPP Narora Atomic Power PlantNASA National Aeronautic and space AdministrationNASDAQ National Association of Security Dealer’s Active QuotationNASSCOM National Association of Software & Service CompaniesNATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNBCC National Building and Construction CorporationNBCW Nuclear, Biological, Chemical WarfareNBPGR National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNBTB National Biotechnology BoardNBER National Bureau of Economic ResearchNCA Nuclear Command AuthorityNCAER National Council for Applied Economic ResearchNCB Narcotics Control BureauNCCF National Consumers Cooperative FederationNCDA National Coal Development AuthorityNCDC National Cooperative Development CorporationNCERT National Council of Educational Research and TrainingNCFSE National Curriculum Framework for Secondary EducationNCPEDP National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled PeopleNCRA National Centre for Radio AstrophysicsNCRB National Crime Record BureauNCSTC National Council for Science and Technology CommunicationNCW National Commission for WomenNCCR National Council for Civil RightNDA National Defense AcademyNDDB National Dairy Development BoardNDF National Defense FundNDPDC National Drugs and Pharmaceutical Development CouncilNEA National Environment AuthorityNEERI National Environment Engineering Research InstituteNEEPCO North Eastern Electric Power Corporation LimitedNEFA North East Frontier AgencyNEPA National Environment Protection AuthorityNEXST National Experimental Supersonic TransportNFDC National Film Development CorporationNFIW National Federation of Indian WomenNFL National Fertilizer LimitedNFSIT National Venture Fund for Software and Information TechnologyNGRI National Geophysical Research InstituteNHPC National Hydroelectric Power CorporationNHRC National Human Rights CommissionNIC National Integration Council / National Informatics CentreNICD National Institute of Communicable DiseasesNIDC National Industrial Development CorporationNIEO New International Economic OrderNIIT National Institute of Information TechnologyNIMHANS National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-ScienceNITIE National Institute for Training in Industrial EngineeringNLFT National Liberation Front of TripuraNLOT National Large Optical TelescopeNMDC National Mineral Development CorporationNMDS National Missile Defense SystemNMEP National Malaria Eradication ProgrammeNMHC National Material Handling CouncilNOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNOIDA New Okhla Industrial Development AuthorityNPB Nuclear Power BoardNPC National Productivity CouncilNPCC National Project Construction CorporationNPCIL Nuclear Power Corporation of India LimitedNPL National Physical LaboratoryNPP National Population PolicyNPT Nuclear Non-Proliferation TreatyNRAI National Rifle Association of IndiaNRC National Reconstruction CoreNRDC National Research and Development CorporationNREP National Rural Employment ProgrammeNRI Non Resident IndianNSA National Security ActNSC National Security Council / National Savings CertificateNSCN National Socialist Council of NagalandNSS National Service SchemeNSSO National Sample Survey OrganizationNSSTC National Space Science and Technology CentreNSTL National Science and Technological LaboratoryNSTEDB National Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Development BoardNTC National Textile CorporationNTES National Train Enquiry SystemNTPC National Thermal Power CorporationOAPNA Organization of Asia and Pacific News AgencyOAU Organization of African UnityOCS Overseas Communication ServiceOECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and DevelopmentOEEC Organization for European Economic CooperationOGL Open General LicenseOIL Oil India LimitedOK All CorrectOIGS On India Government ServiceONGC Oil and Natural Gas CommissionOMSS Open Market Sale SchemeOPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesOPPI Organization of Pharmaceutical Producers of IndiaOSCE Organization of European Security CouncilPACS Primary Agricultural Credit SocietyPAFNA Pan African News AgencyPATA Pacific Asia Travel AssociationPCI Press Council of IndiaPCS Provincial Civil ServicesPEO Programme Evaluation OrganizationPh.D. Doctor of PhilosophyPIB Press Information BureauPIN Postal Index NumberPIOC Persons of Indian Origin CardPGIMR Post Graduate Institute of Medical ResearchPLA Peoples Liberation ArmyPLO Palestine Liberation OrganizationPLOTE Peoples Liberation Organization of Tamil ElamPMSSY Pradhan Mantari Swasthya Suraksha YojnaPM Post Meridian / Prime MinisterPMLA Peoples Movement for Liberation of AngolaPNR Passanger Numerical RecordPOTA Prevention of Terrorism ActPSLV Polar Satellite Launch VehiclePSI Population Service InternationalPTI Press Trust of IndiaPTO Please Turn OverPTCT Parents to Child TransmissionPUCC Pollution Under Control CertificatePUCL Peoples Union for Civil LibertiesPUDR Peoples Union for Democratic RightsPVC Poly Vinyl Chloride / Param Vir ChakraPVSM Param Vishist Seva MedalPWD Public Works DepartmentPWG Peoples War GroupRADAR Radio Detecting and RangingRAFC Revolutionary Armed Forces of ColumbiaRAPP Rajasthan Atomic Power ProjectRAW Research and Analysis WingR&D Research and DevelopmentRBI Reserve Bank of IndiaRCC Reinforced Cement ConcreteRDSO Research Design and Standard OrganizationRDX Research Development ExplosiveREACH Rural Entrepreneurship for Art and Culture HeritageRFMT Republic of Fiji Military ForcesRGNDWM Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water MissionRITES Rail India Technical and Economic ServicesRMS Railway Mail ServiceRPNNL Rashtriya Pariyojana Nirman Nigam LimitedRRC Reactor Research CentreRLEGP Rural Landless Employment Guarantee ProgrammeRNA Ribonucleic AcidROSNI Round Spermatid Nuclear InjectionRSS Rashtriya Swayamsevak SanghRTO Regional Transport OfficerRTRA Rail Tariff Regulatory AuthoritySAAF South Asian Accountants FederationSAARC South Asian Association for Regional CooperationSADCC South African Development Corporation ConferenceSAFMA South Asian Free Media AssociationSAHR South Asians for Human RightsSAI Sports Authority of IndiaSAIL Steel Authority of India LimitedSALT Strategic Arms Limitation TaxSAPTA South Asian Preferential Trade ArrangementSARS Service Acute Respiratory SyndromeSATO South Atlantic Treaty OrganizationSATTE South Asian Travel and Tourism ExchangeSC Security Council / Supreme Court / Scheduled CasteSCHIL Stock Holding Corporation of IndiaSCI Shipping Corporation of IndiaSCL Space Corporation LimitedSCOPE Standing Conference of Public EnterprisesSCRA Special Class Railway ApprenticeSDR Special Drawing RightsSEARCH Society for Environmental Awareness and Rehabilitation of Child and HandicappedSEATO South East Asia Treaty OrganizationSEBI Security Exchange Board of IndiaSEEPZ Santacruz Electronic Export Processing ZoneSEO Satellite for Earth ObservationSERC Structural Engineering Research CentreSETS Society of Electronics Transaction and SecuritySEWA Self Employed Women’s AssociationSFALA Small Farmers and Agricultural Labourers AgencySFC Strategic Force CommandSGPC Siromani Gurudwara Prabandhak CommitteeSHAR Shri Harikota RangeSAHMAT Safdar Hashmi Memorial TrustSIAM Society of Indian Automobiles ManufacturersSIDS Sudden Infant Death SyndromeSIDBI Small Industries Development Bank of IndiaSITA Separation of Immoral Traffic in Women and Girls ActSIS Secret Intelligence ServiceSIV Semen Immuno Deficiency VirusSLAR Sight Looking Environment RadarSLBM Submarine Launch Balistic MissileSLV Satellite Launch VehicleSMART Small Mission for Advance ResearchSMS Short Messaging SystemSNIPES Society of National Institutes for Physical Education and SportsSPCA Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to AnimalsSROSS Stretched Rohini Satellite SeriesSSD Satellite System DivisionSSN Social Security NumberSSTEP Symphonic Satellite Telecommunication Experiment ProjectSTARS Satellite Training and Ranging SystemSTART Strategic Armed Reduction TalksSTD Subscribers Trunk DialingSTEC Solar Thermal Energy CentreSTEP Satellite Telecommunication Experiment ProjectSTPI Software Technology Park of IndiaSUNFED Special United Nations Fund for Economic DevelopmentSWAPO South West African Peoples OrganizationSWIFT Short Work Programme in Information TechnologyTACDE Tactics & Aircrafts Development EstablishmentTAPS Tarapur Atomic Power StationTANSI Tamil Nadu Small Industries CorporationTAMP Tariff Authority for Major PortTB TuberculosisTCI Trading Corporation of IndiaTCPO Town and Country Planning OrganizationTDSAT Telecom Dispute Settlement and Appellate TribunalTELCO Tata Engineering and Locomotive CompanyTELEX Teleprinter ExchangeTRELS Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching StationTGIT Telecom Group on Information TechnologyTIFAC Technology Information Forecasting and Assessment CouncilTISCO Tata Iron & Steel CompanyTIN Taxpayer’s Identification NumberTMO Telegraphic Money OrderTNT Tri Nitro TolueneTRACT Transportable Remote Area Communications TerminalTRAI Telecom Regulatory Authority of IndiaTRQ Tariff Rate QuotaTTFI Table Tennis Federation of IndiaTVA Tennesey Valley AuthorityTWA Trans World AirlinesTWAS Third World Academy of ScienceTWHS Traditional Water Harvesting SystemsTWMF Third World Monetary FundTWSI Tourism and Wild Life Society of IndiaUANC United African National CouncilUBLF United Bengali Liberation FrontUDC Upper Division Clerk /University Development CommissionUDI Unilateral Declaration of IndependenceUEEM Universalization of Elementary Education MissionUGC University Grant CommissionULFA United Liberation Front of AssamUNAEC United Nations Atomic Energy CommissionUNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and DevelopmentUNCHS United Nations Commission on Human SettlementsUNCLOS United Nations Conference on Law of the SeaUNCSTD United Nations Conference on Sciences and Technology for DevelopmentUNCTC United Nations Counter Terrorism CommitteeUNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and DevelopmentUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNECAFE United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and Far EastUNEF United Nations Emergency ForceUNEP United Nations Environment ProgrammeUNESCO United Nations Economic and Social CommissionUNFCC United Nation Framework Convention on Climate ChangeUNFPA United Nations Framework for Population ActivitiesUNHCR United Nations High Commission for RefugeesUNI United News of IndiaUNICEF United Nations International Children Emergency FundUNIDO United Nations Industrial Development OrganizationUNISPACE United Nations Conference on Exploration and Peaceful Usage of Outer SpaceUNMIL United Nations Mission in LibraUNMOVIC United Nations Monitoring Verification and Inspection CommissionUNO United Nations OrganizationUNRRA United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation AdministrationUNSCOM United Nations Special CommissionUNTAG United Nations Transition Assistance GroupUPROV Union for Protection of New Varieties of PlantsUPSC Union Public Service CommissionUPTN Universal Personal Tele NumberUPU Universal Postal UnionUSAID United States Agency for International DevelopmentUSIS United States Information ServiceUSITC United States International Trade CorporationUSSR Union of Soviet Socialist RepublicUTS Unreserved Ticketing SystemVABAL Value Based Advanced LicenseVAT Value Added TaxVCO Viceroy Commissioned OfficerVIP Very Important PersonVPP Value Payable PostVRDE Vehicle Research and Development EstablishmentVRS Voluntary Retirement SchemeVSNL Videsh Sanchar Nigam LimitedVSSC Vikram Sarabhai Space CentreVTMS Versel Traffic Management SystemVVF Village Volunteer ForceWANO World Association of Nuclear OperatorsWAY World Assembly of YouthWEF World Economic ForumWFTU World Federation of Trade UnionWHO World Health OrganizationWIDF Women’s International Democratic FederationWIPO World Intellectual Property OrganizationWIPSA Women’s Initiative for Peace in South AsiaWMO World Meteorological OrganizationWWF World Wild Life FundWWFI World Wide Fund for Nature IndiaWWPA World Wild Life Protection AgencyYMCA Young Men’s Christians AssociationsYWCA Young Women’s Christians AssociationZBB Zero Base BudgetingZETA Zero Energy Thermo Nuclear AssemblyZIFT Zygote Intra fallopian TransferZIP Zone Improvement PlanZOPFAN Zone of Peace Freedom and NeutralityZS Zoological SocietyZUPO Zimbabwe United People’s Organisation <br /> India's Top CEO's Jaspal Bindra - Standard Chartered Kiran Mazumdar Saw - Biocon Anuradha Desai - Venkateshwara Hatcheries NR Narayana Murthy - Infosys Technologies Mukesh Ambani - Reliance Industries Ratan Tata - Tata Group KV Kamath - ICICI Bank Azim Hasham Premji - WiproNandan Nilekani - Infosys TechnologiesRahul Bajaj - Bajaj Auto Vijay Mallya - UB Group Kumar Mangalam Birla - AV Birla Group Sunil Mittal - Bharti EnterprisesDeepak Parekh - HDFCAnil Ambani - ADAERajiv Bajaj - Bajaj AutoLalitha Gupte - ICICI Bank S Ramadorai - TCSJagdish Khattar - Maruti UdyogSubir Raha - ONGC Adi Godrej - Godrej Group GR Gopinath - Air Deccan Subhash Chandra - Zee Telefilms Venu Srinivasan - TVS Motors Brij Mohal Lall Munjal - Hero Group K Anji Reddy - Dr. Reddy's LabsNaresh Goyal - Jet Airways Shiv Nadar - HCL TechnologiesYogesh C Deveshwar - ITCAnand Mahindra - Mahindra & Mahindra Peter Mukerjea - Star TV IndiaAditya Puri - HDFC Bank Uday Kotak - Kotak Mahindra BankAM Naik - Larsen & Toubro SB Mathur - UTIHarish Manwani - Hindustan Lever Renuka Ramnath - ICICI Ventures AK Khandelwal - Bank of BarodaAK Purwar - State Bank of India Suresh Krishna - Sundaram Fasteners Ashok Sinha - Bharat PetroleumKishore Biyani - Pantaloon Retail B Ramalinga Raju - Satyam Computers YV Reddy - Reserve Bank of India M Damodaran - SEBI AK Sinha - BSNL Naina Lal Kidwai - HSBC India Jeh & Ness Wadia - Bombay Dyeing Asim Ghosh - Hutch VK Mittal - Ispat Industries RS Lodha - Birla Corp VC Burman - Dabur Venugopal Dhoot - Videocon Industries Gautam Singhania - Raymond Ravi Venkatesan - Microsoft India BVR Subbu - Hyundai India FV Vandrewala - Motorola India Niall Booker - HSBC India Shikha Sharma - ICICI Prudential Ashwin Dani - Asian PaintsRajeev Bakshi - Pepsi Co. B Muthuraman - Tata Steel SP Hinduja - Hinduja Group Anil Agarwal - Vedanta ResourcesYK Hamied - CiplaAC Muthaiah - SPICBharat Puri - Cadbury IndiaSanjay Nayar - Citigroup India Karsanbhai Patel - NirmaBrian Tempest - RanbaxyNS Sekhsaria - Gujarat Ambuja Cement Proshanto Banerjee - GAIL R Seshasayee - Ashok Leyland MB Lal - Hindustan Petroleum BN Kalyani - Bharat Forge Onkar S Kanwar - Apollo TyresShashi Ruia - Essar GroupVinita Bali - Britannia Gautam Thapar - Cromptom GreavesAjay Piramal - Nicholas PiramalBS Nagesh - Shoppers' Stop VS Jain - SAILShobana Bhartia - HT Media KR Kim - LG India Rana Kapoor - Yes Bank Hemendra Kothari - DSP Merrill Lynch K Ramachandran - Phillips India Mallika Srinivasan - TAFE Hans-Michael Huber - Diamler-Chrysler IndiaNimesh Kampani - JM Morgan Stanley Scott Bayman - GE India Zia Mody - AZB PartnersNoel Tata - Trent Sarthak Behuria - IOCHarsh Goenka - RPG GroupArun Maira - BCG India Adil Zainulbhai - McKinsey IndiaMV Subbiah - EID Parry <br />List of Abbreviations<br />ASSOCHAM The Associated Chambers of Commerce and<br />Industry of India<br />ASTO Association of Sea Training Organizations<br />DAP Diammonium Phosphate (Urea)<br />CENVAT Central Value Added Tax<br />GDR Global Depositary Receipt<br />MRPL Mangalore Refineries & Petrochemicals Limited<br />APM Administered Price Mechanism<br />AICPI(IW) All India Consumer Price Index (Industrial<br />Workers)<br />ACR Annual Confidential Report<br />BEL Bharat Electronics Limited<br />BHEL Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited<br />BSNL Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited<br />BIFR Board for Industrial and Financial Restructuring<br />BRPSE Board for Reconstruction of Public Sector<br />Enterprises<br />BPE Bureau of Public Enterprises<br />BPO Business Process Outsourcing<br />CPS Cash Based Profit Sharing<br />CBDT Central Board for Direct Taxes<br />CDA Central Dearness Allowance<br />CPC Central Pay Commission<br />CPSE Central Public Sector Enterprises<br />CMD Chairman-cum-Managing Director<br />CEO Chief Executive Officer<br />CFO Chief Finance Officer<br />COO Chief Operating Officer<br />CCA City Compensatory Allowance<br />CAG Comptroller & Auditor General of India<br />CRS Compulsory Retirement Scheme<br />CII Confederation of Indian Industries<br />CTC Cost to the Company<br />DA Dearness Allowance<br />DPS Deferred Profit Sharing<br />DPE Department of Public Enterprises<br />ESPP Employee Stock Purchase Plan<br />EPS Employees Pension Scheme<br />ESOP Employees Stock Option Plan<br />-133-<br />ERP Enterprises Resource Planning<br />FMCG Fast Moving Consumer Goods<br />FICCI Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and<br />Industry<br />FRBM Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management<br />FDI Foreign Direct Investment<br />FEMA Foreign Exchange Management Act<br />FERA Foreign Exchange Regulation Act<br />GAIL Gas Authority of India Ltd<br />GDP Gross Domestic Product<br />HoD Head of Department<br />HPPC High Power Pay Committee<br />HAL Hindustan Aeronautics Limited<br />HMT Hindustan Machine Tools<br />HRA House Rent Allowance<br />HRD Human Resource Development<br />IIM Indian Institute of Management<br />IIT Indian Institute of Technology<br />IOC Indian Oil Corporation<br />ISM Indian School of Mines<br />ITI Indian Telephones Industries<br />IDA Industrial Dearness Allowance<br />IT Information Technology<br />ITES Information Technology Enabled Services<br />IPE Institute of Public Enterprises<br />IS Industry Segment<br />ISO International Standards Organization<br />LTC Leave Travel Concession<br />LIC Life Insurance Corporation of India<br />LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas<br />MTNL Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd<br />MOU Memorandum of Understanding<br />M&A Mergers & Acquisitions<br />MSTC Metals & Scrap Trading Corporation<br />MMTC Minerals & Metal Trading Corporation<br />MRTP Monopolies & Restrictive Trade Practices<br />MNC Multi National Company<br />NALCO National Aluminium Company<br />NCMP National Common Minimum Programme<br />NFC National Fire College<br />NIETE National Institute of Industrial Engineering.<br />NLC National Labour Commission<br />NRF National Renewal Fund<br />NSS National Sample Survey<br />-134-<br />NTPC National Thermal Power Corporation<br />NEP New Economic Policy<br />NPA Non Practicing Allowance<br />NRI Non Resident Indians<br />NUS Non Unionised Supervisors<br />OM Office Memorandum<br />ONGC Oil & Natural Gas Corporation<br />PRC Pay Revision Committee<br />PMS Performance Management System<br />PRP Performance Related Payment<br />PF Provident Fund<br />PDS Public Distribution System<br />PESB Public Enterprises Selection Board<br />PSE Public Sector Enterprise<br />PSU Public Sector Undertaking<br />REC (NIT) Regional Engineering College<br />R&D Research and Development<br />SEBI Securities Exchange Board of India<br />SS Service Sector<br />SICA Sick Industrial Companies Act<br />SEZ Special Economic Zone<br />SCOPE Standing Conference of Public Enterprises<br />SAIL Steel Authority of India Ltd<br />SAR Stock Appreciation Right<br />VAT Value Added Tax<br />VP Variable Pay<br />VER Very Early Retirement<br />VSNL Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd<br />VRS Voluntary Retirement Scheme<br />WTO World Trade Organisation<br />