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Female Infanticide, Female Genital Cutting, Honor Killing




               Youth Advocate Program International
                   4545 42nd St. NW, Suite 209
                   Washington DC, 20016, USA
                          www.yapi.org
The Girl Child               what do you know?
     What is discrimination?

     What examples of discrimination come to mind?

     Does the United States provide equal
      opportunities for men and women…and girls
      and boys?

     If the US does provide equal opportunity
      between sexes, how does it do so?

     Is anyone familiar with the following words:
      female infanticide, female genital cutting, honor
      killing?
The Girl Child                              words to know
 Child: The Convention on the Rights of the
  Child (CRC) defines a child as a person under
  the age of 18. A girl child is thus a female
  younger than 18 years of age

 Discrimination: Treatment or consideration
  based on class or category rather than
  individual merit; partiality or prejudice.

 Dowry: Money or property that a ride’s family
  must give to the family of her husband as a
  requirement of marriage.
The Girl Child                    forms of discrimination
 Female Infanticide: The murder of a female infant. It
  occurs often as a deliberate murder or abandonment of
  a young girl or infant.


 Selective Abortion: Also called gender-selective
  abortion, sex-selective abortion, or female feticide-
  selective abortion. It involves the abortion of a fetus
  because it is a girl. Many women from communities or
  cultures with a preference for boys practice selective
  abortion.
The Girl Child                      forms of discrimination
 Female Genital Cutting (FGC): The practice that involves
  the removal or the alteration of the female genitalia. It is a
  centuries-old practice found in many countries among
  people from various religions and beliefs, most prevalent
  in Africa.

 Honor Killing: The practice of killing girls and women
  who are perceived to have dishonored a family’s
  reputation by allegedly engaging in sexual activity or other
  improprieties before or outside of marriage. ‘Improper’
  behavior justifies grounds for killing. It has expanded to
  include transgressions, which are not initiated by the girl,
  including rape and incest.
The Girl Child                                                  facts and statistics
 Currently, 60 million girls are reported as “missing” as a result
  of infanticide, sex selective abortions, and neglect.

 At least 130 million girls alive today have undergone Female
  Genital Mutilation, and 2 million more are at risk every year.

 It is reported that at least 5,000 women and girls are
  murdered each year for “honor’s sake” by members of their
  own families.

 United Nation statistics, national reports and studies initiated
  by non-governmental organizations repeatedly show that girls,
  as a group, have lower literacy rates, receive less health care,
  and more impoverished than boys.

   Source: Youth Advocate Program International: www.yapi.org
   Source: Youth Advocate Program International: www.yapi.org
   Source: United Nations Children’s Fund: www.unicef.org
   Source: Amnesty International: www.amnesty.org
The Girl Child                 female infanticide
         What: The deliberate killing of a girl child.

         Who: Girl children who are born in societies
               where poverty, overpopulation, and
               male biases are prevalent.

         Where: In regions where poverty and
                 overpopulation are prevalent. It
                 predominantly occurs in societies
                 where girl children are not viewed as
                 economically advantageous.

         Why: Lineage, Income, Dowry, Protection,
          Government
The Girl Child                                                                  female infanticide
Lakshmi’s Case: Tamil Nadu, India

Lakshmi was 20 years old and already had
one daughter. Upon the arrival of a second
girl she no option but to kill this second
daughter. Lakshmi refused to nurse the
newborn and to silence the infant’s cries of
hunger she fed her a poisonous combination
of sap and castor oil. The baby died soon
after.
Source:
Kumar, Sampath, “Life for India Baby Girl Killers,” 17 April, 2003, BBC News,
World Edition, (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2956065.stm)




             According to UNICEF, up to 50 million girls are missing from India’s
                   population due to the country’s gender discrimination.
The Girl Child                                female genital cutting
    What: The practice that involves the removal or alteration of the
           female genitalia.
    Who: Young or adolescent girls from cultures that believe that
           FGC will prevent girls from being promiscuous and prevent
           them from engaging in sexual intercourse before marriage.
    Where: 28 African countries, Muslim populations, Indigenous
            groups in Central and South America.

    Why: Cultural beliefs and attitudes on multiple fronts: sexual,
     sociological, hygienic and aesthetic, religious
    Effects:
      • Physical ~ Pain, damage to organs, hemorrhage, chronic
         infections, complications with sexual intercourse and childbirth.
      • Psychological ~ Shock, anxiety
The Girl Child                                                    female genital cutting
Hannah’s Case: Ethiopia, East Africa

Hannah was genitally cut when she was
eight years old. She knew little about the
procedure, but understood it to be a ritual, a
ceremony, a process that would allow her to
become a woman. Six women held Hannah
down to perform the procedure. There was
no anesthesia or pain medication at any
point during the procedure, and Hannah
almost lost consciousness because of the
immense pain. The practitioner was then
paid the equivalent of one dollar for the
procedure.
Source:UNICEF, www.unicef.org/infobycountry/ethiopia_18246.html


                     Approximately 54% of girls in Ethiopia are subjected to FGC.
                      There is no national action plan to fight against this abuse.
The Girl Child                            honor killing
 What: Killing of women that can be defined as acts of murder
        in which a woman is killed for her actual or perceived
  immoral behavior.

 Who: Women who have failed to keep marriage contracts,
  refused to agree to arranged marriages, requested divorce,
  flirted with men other then their husbands, or for ‘allowing’
  themselves to be raped.

 Where: Most prominent in the Middle East, Southwest Asia,
         and Northwest Africa.

 Why: For violating sexual norms or being victims of rape or
  other sexual rumor. This is a custom where women are
  treated as property and business contracts.
The Girl Child                                                 honor killing
Raina’s Case: Jordan, Southwest Asia

Raina Arafat was twenty-one years old and
did not want to marry the man her family had
chosen for her. She Was secretly seeing her
Iraqi boyfriend whom she wanted to elope
with. Her aunts told her they had arranged a
secret meeting between the two and brought
her to an open patch of land in the suburb of
Amman. Her aunts walked away and let her
brother, Rami, shoot her in the back of her
head. Raina’s ‘crime’ was being in love with
a man that was not sanctioned by her family
and cultural ideals.
Source: Gendercide Watch, http://gendercide.org/case_honour.html




     Men who kill women for the sake of “honor” in Jordan are usually sentenced to
     only a few months in jail. They serve even less time if they hold minor status.
The Girl Child                         discussion
   What are three reasons why women face prejudice
    around the world?
   Do you think that equal education of girls and boys
    would provide more equal rights and less
    discrimination against girls?
   Who should be in charge of making changes
    regarding the issues we have discussed today?
   Why do you think people continue to commit these
    acts, even though there are laws against them in
    some places?
   What do you think you can do to help?
The Girl Child                              what can you do?
 Educate yourself about the rights of the Girl Child.
 Contact local, state, and national politicians.
     •   Write letters asking for their opinion on the rights of the
         Girl Child.


 Talk to your parents about the CRC.
     •   Educate the adults in your life!


 Advocate for awareness of the CRC.
     •   Begin a social awareness/ human rights club.
The Girl Child                          for more information
 UN High Commission on Human Rights
 www.unhcr.org

 UNICEF
 www.unicef.org

 Amnesty International
 www.amnesty.org

 Youth Advocate Program International
 www.yapi.org

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Ppgirlchild

  • 1. Female Infanticide, Female Genital Cutting, Honor Killing Youth Advocate Program International 4545 42nd St. NW, Suite 209 Washington DC, 20016, USA www.yapi.org
  • 2. The Girl Child what do you know?  What is discrimination?  What examples of discrimination come to mind?  Does the United States provide equal opportunities for men and women…and girls and boys?  If the US does provide equal opportunity between sexes, how does it do so?  Is anyone familiar with the following words: female infanticide, female genital cutting, honor killing?
  • 3. The Girl Child words to know  Child: The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) defines a child as a person under the age of 18. A girl child is thus a female younger than 18 years of age  Discrimination: Treatment or consideration based on class or category rather than individual merit; partiality or prejudice.  Dowry: Money or property that a ride’s family must give to the family of her husband as a requirement of marriage.
  • 4. The Girl Child forms of discrimination  Female Infanticide: The murder of a female infant. It occurs often as a deliberate murder or abandonment of a young girl or infant.  Selective Abortion: Also called gender-selective abortion, sex-selective abortion, or female feticide- selective abortion. It involves the abortion of a fetus because it is a girl. Many women from communities or cultures with a preference for boys practice selective abortion.
  • 5. The Girl Child forms of discrimination  Female Genital Cutting (FGC): The practice that involves the removal or the alteration of the female genitalia. It is a centuries-old practice found in many countries among people from various religions and beliefs, most prevalent in Africa.  Honor Killing: The practice of killing girls and women who are perceived to have dishonored a family’s reputation by allegedly engaging in sexual activity or other improprieties before or outside of marriage. ‘Improper’ behavior justifies grounds for killing. It has expanded to include transgressions, which are not initiated by the girl, including rape and incest.
  • 6. The Girl Child facts and statistics  Currently, 60 million girls are reported as “missing” as a result of infanticide, sex selective abortions, and neglect.  At least 130 million girls alive today have undergone Female Genital Mutilation, and 2 million more are at risk every year.  It is reported that at least 5,000 women and girls are murdered each year for “honor’s sake” by members of their own families.  United Nation statistics, national reports and studies initiated by non-governmental organizations repeatedly show that girls, as a group, have lower literacy rates, receive less health care, and more impoverished than boys. Source: Youth Advocate Program International: www.yapi.org Source: Youth Advocate Program International: www.yapi.org Source: United Nations Children’s Fund: www.unicef.org Source: Amnesty International: www.amnesty.org
  • 7. The Girl Child female infanticide  What: The deliberate killing of a girl child.  Who: Girl children who are born in societies where poverty, overpopulation, and male biases are prevalent.  Where: In regions where poverty and overpopulation are prevalent. It predominantly occurs in societies where girl children are not viewed as economically advantageous.  Why: Lineage, Income, Dowry, Protection, Government
  • 8. The Girl Child female infanticide Lakshmi’s Case: Tamil Nadu, India Lakshmi was 20 years old and already had one daughter. Upon the arrival of a second girl she no option but to kill this second daughter. Lakshmi refused to nurse the newborn and to silence the infant’s cries of hunger she fed her a poisonous combination of sap and castor oil. The baby died soon after. Source: Kumar, Sampath, “Life for India Baby Girl Killers,” 17 April, 2003, BBC News, World Edition, (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2956065.stm) According to UNICEF, up to 50 million girls are missing from India’s population due to the country’s gender discrimination.
  • 9. The Girl Child female genital cutting  What: The practice that involves the removal or alteration of the female genitalia.  Who: Young or adolescent girls from cultures that believe that FGC will prevent girls from being promiscuous and prevent them from engaging in sexual intercourse before marriage.  Where: 28 African countries, Muslim populations, Indigenous groups in Central and South America.  Why: Cultural beliefs and attitudes on multiple fronts: sexual, sociological, hygienic and aesthetic, religious  Effects: • Physical ~ Pain, damage to organs, hemorrhage, chronic infections, complications with sexual intercourse and childbirth. • Psychological ~ Shock, anxiety
  • 10. The Girl Child female genital cutting Hannah’s Case: Ethiopia, East Africa Hannah was genitally cut when she was eight years old. She knew little about the procedure, but understood it to be a ritual, a ceremony, a process that would allow her to become a woman. Six women held Hannah down to perform the procedure. There was no anesthesia or pain medication at any point during the procedure, and Hannah almost lost consciousness because of the immense pain. The practitioner was then paid the equivalent of one dollar for the procedure. Source:UNICEF, www.unicef.org/infobycountry/ethiopia_18246.html Approximately 54% of girls in Ethiopia are subjected to FGC. There is no national action plan to fight against this abuse.
  • 11. The Girl Child honor killing  What: Killing of women that can be defined as acts of murder in which a woman is killed for her actual or perceived immoral behavior.  Who: Women who have failed to keep marriage contracts, refused to agree to arranged marriages, requested divorce, flirted with men other then their husbands, or for ‘allowing’ themselves to be raped.  Where: Most prominent in the Middle East, Southwest Asia, and Northwest Africa.  Why: For violating sexual norms or being victims of rape or other sexual rumor. This is a custom where women are treated as property and business contracts.
  • 12. The Girl Child honor killing Raina’s Case: Jordan, Southwest Asia Raina Arafat was twenty-one years old and did not want to marry the man her family had chosen for her. She Was secretly seeing her Iraqi boyfriend whom she wanted to elope with. Her aunts told her they had arranged a secret meeting between the two and brought her to an open patch of land in the suburb of Amman. Her aunts walked away and let her brother, Rami, shoot her in the back of her head. Raina’s ‘crime’ was being in love with a man that was not sanctioned by her family and cultural ideals. Source: Gendercide Watch, http://gendercide.org/case_honour.html Men who kill women for the sake of “honor” in Jordan are usually sentenced to only a few months in jail. They serve even less time if they hold minor status.
  • 13. The Girl Child discussion  What are three reasons why women face prejudice around the world?  Do you think that equal education of girls and boys would provide more equal rights and less discrimination against girls?  Who should be in charge of making changes regarding the issues we have discussed today?  Why do you think people continue to commit these acts, even though there are laws against them in some places?  What do you think you can do to help?
  • 14. The Girl Child what can you do?  Educate yourself about the rights of the Girl Child.  Contact local, state, and national politicians. • Write letters asking for their opinion on the rights of the Girl Child.  Talk to your parents about the CRC. • Educate the adults in your life!  Advocate for awareness of the CRC. • Begin a social awareness/ human rights club.
  • 15. The Girl Child for more information UN High Commission on Human Rights www.unhcr.org UNICEF www.unicef.org Amnesty International www.amnesty.org Youth Advocate Program International www.yapi.org