Powerpoint on the Durban Conference on Climate Change which was showed in the Preconference. It gives you the basic information about the Conference, the topics, and the decisions you will be expected to make.

1. Cancun Outcome and Implications for the Durban Climate Change Conference

2. 2010 Dynamics Legal obligations on developed countries under Kyoto but not USA or LEDCs. Some developed countries (led by Japan and Russia) assert that the system is both unfair and environmentally ineffective Countries in Africa and South America agree with this position. Obligations on only some give an economic advantage to those with no comparable legal obligations. Current climate negotiations are driven by a changing world order - rise of rapidly industrializing developing countries.

3. Since 2004 the focus of climate negotiations has been to enhance the balance and implementation, considering these changes. The 2007 agreement in the Bali Road Map achieved some political balance. Deadline of 2009 not met  noted political agreement, Copenhagen Accord – with deadline to complete negotiations in Cancun.

4. BALI ROAD MAP 2007 Forward looking decisions representing ways essential to reach a secure climate future. BALI ACTION PLAN New negotiating process for 2009. Long term cooperative action. AdHoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative under the Convention. Meant to complete work by 2009. Shared vision for long-term cooperative action. National and international action, mitigation by Parties.

5. THE TWO TRACK APPROACH CONVENTION KYOTO PROTOCOL Focuses on four “building blocks”: adaptation, mitigation, technology transfer & deployment, financing. Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) also discussed. Mitigation actions from developing countries. Mitigation commitments from developed countries. Agree on developed country emission reduction targets by 2009. Means to achieve targets: market mechanisms, national policies, accounting issues, role of land use, land-use change and forestry (LuLuCF), etc.

6. Cancun Outcome Cancun decisions cover all the main elements of the 2 track Bali Road Map mandate and the political agreements in the Copenhagen Accord. The Cancun Agreement decisions have 3 types of outcomes reflecting agreements that have been reached thus far processes to elaborate the governance and operational procedures of these elements that do not yet have full agreement are transferred to Durban Under Kyoto agreement to - capture pledges; continued use of market mechanism, LULUCF & the Global Warming Potential metric

7. Under the Convention agreement on – a SV with review in 2013 & Adaptation - equal priority to mitigation; establishing an Adaptation Framework and Committee; programme to consider loss & damage mechanism. Mitigation – capture both A1 & NA1 pledges; market & non-market mechanisms; response measures forum Finance - Green Climate Fund; $30 bn fast start; $100 bn by 2020. Technology – a Technology Mechanism; Executive Committee. Capacity building - process to monitor and review effectiveness & institutions.

8. WHAT WAS NOT AGREED ON Cancun did not address the key equity related political questions The legal form of the Convention outcome & therefore the continuation of Kyoto, A single treaty type legally binding outcome (replace Kyoto) No legally binding outcome (kill Kyoto) The level of action necessary to prevent dangerous climate change A long term global emission reduction goal (2050) A global peaking year Upfront common carbon accounting rules Supplementarity or limiting the use of offsets by A1 for compliance purposes

9. The fair allocation of burden and cost Need for an Adaptation Centre & Network and a Loss & Damage Mechanism Comparability of effort among A1; Comparable compliance among A1; Fair share of carbon space or time for developing countries to transition Fair treatment of Intellectual Property Rights for the global climate commons These issues are transferred to Durban.

10. The Mexican COP Presidency After Copenhagen, the issues were approached with the following concepts in mind: Expectactions for the outcome of the Cancun conference should be comparatively low- a huge, immediate impact cannot be expected. Cancun is only a step in the process of becoming an environmentally friendly society. Economic and politic realities (bear in mind the situation of USA, China and the economic crisis) may inhibit developments.

11. Preparatory Process In order to know what changes would be readily accepted, an informal consultation process took place. The “pulse” of Governments and Stakeholders was taken, so as to figure out which decisions should be taken. This would also ensure efficiency, as one could know what the world was ready to accept.

12. Implications for Durban You will have to: Lay out the work programme for the year Decide with different parties and groups what outcomes should occur Share aspirations for this conference with other key governments and stakeholders- plan bloc positions. Try to engage the national and international civil society. Involve NGOs, business, local government, stakeholders, indigenous people, and other groups as you see fit. Try to compromise nations with the outcome of this conference. It could decide the futureof our WORLD!

13. GOOD LUCK!