1) Parliamentary growth in Great Britain influenced the development of a strong navy and independent thinking as the island was separated from continental Europe. 2) The Magna Carta established limits on royal power and affirmed rights like trial by jury. 3) The beginnings of Parliament emerged from the Model Parliament called by Edward I, which included representatives from the counties.

1. Parliamentary
Growth in
Great Britain

3.  influenced the people to be seafaring-
mariners, explorers, and colonizers
 develop a strong navy
 island apart from continental Europe has
fostered English conservatism and independent
thinking
 distance: only about 33.5 kilometers – 21 miles – from
Dover, England to Calais France
 England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

4. Celts
first
inhabitants
practiced a religion
called Druidism
Romans
invasion
Britons
build army
camps-
Lancaster ,
Winchester &
Manchester
Christianity
was
introduced
Angles and
Saxons
attacked
pushed their way
to the English
Channel & raided
Southeast coast
end of 6th century,
much of Britain
are conquered
except Wales and
Scotland
the part where the
Germanic tribes
settled became
known as England
believed to built
the Stonehenge
Anglo-Saxon tribes
came a new
people – the
English

10.  during 9th century, the Angles and Saxons were
threatened by the Danes from Scandinavia
 Alfred the Great, a Saxon king of Wessex, in the South,
fought off the Danes and kept them in the north and east,
he divided his kingdom into shires,
 he reviewed the traditional laws of the land and retained
only those that seemed just (his laws became the basis of
later English Laws)
 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle – history of England
 King Canute of the Danes defeated the English and he
became the king of England
 after King Canute’s death, the English rebelled and made
Edward the Confessor their king

11. Alfred the Great

12. King Canute of the Danes

13. Edward the Confessor

14.  William the Conqueror, a Norman duke being claimed the
English throne after the latter’s death
 the English chose Harold II Godwinson their king over the
objections of William
 in 1066 William gathered his vassals and warriors, cross
the English Channel and engaged Harold in a fierce battle
– the Battle of Hastings

15. William the Conqueror

16. Harold II Godwinson

17. Battle of Hastings

19. Toward the
Growth of Justice
and Self-
Government
Trial by Jury and the English Common LawTrial by Jury and the English Common Law
Beginnings of ParliamentBeginnings of ParliamentThe Magna CartaThe Magna Carta Parliament GainsParliament Gains C

20. Trial by Jury and the English Common Law
 Henry II ascended to the British throne in 1154 in the
midst of feudal war face
 He set out to restore peace in England by subduing the
barons and establishing a fair justice system.
 Before his reign, trials were by ordeal.
 He established shire courts with the jury. The job of the
jury was to find out under oath whether a crime had been
committed.
 The decisions of the circuit judges – judges who heard
cases in a number of shire courts – were the beginnings of
the English Common Law.

21. Henry II

22. The Magna Carta
 King John heavily taxed the barons and this made the
latter angered and they determined to resist.
 In June 1215, with the help of Churchmen and middle-
class traders, they forced King John to sign the Magna
Carta or the Great Charter, which contained a list of their
demands on the King.
2 most important demands
1. Article 12 stated: “No scutage or aid save the customary
feudal ones shall be levied except by common consent of
our kingdom.”
2. Article 39 stated: “No freeman shall be
arrested or imprisoned unless by common judgment
of his peers and by the law of the land.”

23. King John

24. Beginnings of Parliament
 Henry III, ignored the Magna Carta. Under the leadership of
Simon de Montfort, the nobles and their followers revolted
and made Henry their prisoner.
 Simon called a meeting of the Great Council to which he
invited not only the barons and churchmen but also two
knights and burghers (townsmen) from every shire.
 The meetings began to take the name “parliament” a word
derived from the French word parler which means to talk.
 Edward I needed more money to run his government. He
called groups of men from various parts of the country, and
these representatives are aware of their bargaining power.
 In 1295 Edward I called the Great Council, that body was
referred to as the Model Parliament, in which various classes
of people were represented.

25. Henry III

26. Simon de Montfort

27. Edward I

28.  The knights and townsmen became the House of Commons,
while the gathering of barons and churchmen became the
House of Lords.
 during the 16th and 17th centuries, there were popular
monarchs who made the English crown strong, they are
Henry VIII and his daughter, the famous Queen Elizabeth I
 Henry VIII separated the church of England from the Roman
Catholic Church during the reformation.
 Under Elizabeth I, England became a powerful country.
During her reign England entered her Golden Age.

30. House of Commons

31. House of Lords

32. Henry VIII

33. Queen Elizabeth I

34. Parliament Gains Control of
England’s Government
 after Queen Elizabeth I died, the throne went to James I,
of the Stuart line and a son of Mary, the Queen of
Scotland
 James I came in conflict with Parliament over the divine
right theory
 Charles I, son of James I, continued to ignore the
Parliament
 in 1628 Parliament presented to the king the
Petition of Rights listing down their rights and
Charles I agreed to the document

35. James I

36. Queen Mary of Scots

37. Charles I

38. Petition includes such provisions as:
1. No one can be taxed without the consent of the
Parliament.
2. No one can be imprisoned without a jury trial.
 he summoned the parliament to ask for more money
 a civil war broke out between the Cavaliers and the
Roundheads
 after the war Cromwell became the Lord Protector, he
dissolved the Parliament
 after Cromwell’s death, Parliament restored the rule of
Kings, with Charles II
 James II succeeded to the throne

39.  Parliament deposed James II in 1688 and elected a new
king and queen.
 in 1689 Parliament had their new sovereigns, William and
Mary sign a document called Bill of Rights
 two early political parties emerged, the Tories and of the
Whigs
 Queen Victoria (from 1837-1901) workers finally earned
the right to vote
 in 1928 suffrage was extended to women over 21 years
old
 Tories - Conservative Party while the
Whigs - Liberal Party

40. Cromwell the Lord
Protector

41. James II

42. King William Queen Mary

43. Queen Victoria

44.  the Cabinet, the reliance of George I (1660-1727) to the
English people
 the men who run the affairs of the state became ministers
and the leader was called the prime minister
 since the 19th century, the Cabinet has taken over most
of the executive functions of the king
 Today, the real head of the British government is the
Prime Minister while the King or Queen is just a
ceremonial head.

45. George I

46. David Cameron

47. Queen Elizabeth II