SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 56
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Small steps towards a Web for All

        Voice- and Web-interfaced
            Information Systems
          under Rural Conditions


         Lecture 7: Web & Society
CAUTION!
DIGITAL DIVIDE AHEAD
Can the Web (be made to) mean
something for knowledge sharing even
under very constraining conditions?

No internet, no computer, no electricity

Multitude of languages, levels of literacy
Community radios




32 villages
100- 200 km (depending on the wind)
Up to 30.000 listeners
• Integrate local community radios and mobile ICT for knowledge
  sharing

• Better support and integrate local languages in voice-based
  services
   – Development of appropriate speech elements (text-to-speech
     and Speech recognition)

• Develop a free and open source toolbox for local developers.

• Investigate self-sustainability
   – Develop appropriate business models
   – In collaboration with local communities.
(adapted) Living Labs
• Involvement of local communities
  – Trust and ownership
  – Co-creation


• Rapid cycles
  – Use case gathering
  – Observation and prototyping
  – Test, adapt
Business Model integration



         First cycle:                                                        Third cycle:              Fourth cycle            Fifth cycle:
                                         Second cycle:
        Knowledge                                                          Requirements               Use case and            Use case and
                                    Use Case elicitation and
         sharing for                                                       elicitation and            Requirements            Requirements
                                           selection
        regreening                                                            v alidation               v alidation            v alidation



                                                                           RadioMarché:
                                                                                                      RM: 2nd v ersion
                                                                            Pilot System                                     RM: 3rd v ersion
                                                                                                       (production                                         RM: 4th v ersion
                                                                           dev elopment                                     (Bambara,Bomu)
                                                                                                         v ersion)
                                                                          (Malian French)


                                                                                                       Foroba Blon:           FB: 2nd v ersion          FB: 3rd v ersion
                                                                                                       pilot v ersion       (Bambara,Bomu)            (Bambara,Bomu)




 Sept 2009              Jan 2010                               Jan 2011                                   Jan 2012                                Jan 2013                       June 2013




                           First field trip:                                                 Third field trip                           Fifth field trip
     Cycle 0
                           Burkina Faso                                                           Mali                                       Mali
Preliminary v isit
                                                                                                                                                                           Sixth
 BF sept 2009
                                                                                                                                                                      planned field trip
                                                                                                                                                                           Mali
                                                          Second field trip
                                                     Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana                                   Fourth field trip
                                                                                                                      Mali
Context-specific issues
• Lack of infrastructure
   – Web
   – Power
• Illiteracy, ‘small’ languages
   – Bambara
   – Bomu
• Local ownership and maintainability
   – Costs
   – Maintenance
• Distance between developer and user
   – Physical
   – Cultural
M-agro Use Case
Context: Regreening in Africa
SMS




                         Internet cafe




                  == =
                  ====
                  ==



      translate
RadioMarché system


             Local market data


          Data / communique layer

           Interface handler layer

   Web        Email       SMS        GSM/Voice




                                                 Local
                                                 radio

           Farmers         Buyers
         (producers)    (consumers)
SMS




Radio 1:
  French and Bambara
Radio 2:
  French and Bomu
SMS




Radio 1:
  French and Bambara
Radio 2:
  French and Bomu
Web frontend for Market data management
       and communiqué generation




                          RadioMarche.com
Voice channel: Multiple solutions
                 HTTP
 Netbook




                            Orange Emerginov Platform



Netbook         SIP over
running         Ethernet
Prophecy
                                        Officeroute
                                        running Asterix




Netbook         Bluetooth
running
Prophecy +                                Mobile phone
Asterix
Audio communiqué
• Audio communiqué generated by slot-
  and-filler Text-to-speech system
  – concatenating prerecorded phrases
  – Each radio host uses own voice (!)


• Malian French (initial version)
• Bambara
• Bomu
VoiceXML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<vxml version="2.0" lang="en">
<form>
 <prompt bargein="false">
  Welcome to RadioMarche!
  <audio src=“audio/communique_1_bambara.wav"/>
 </prompt>
 <option dtmf="1" value=“1">Press one for X</option>
 <option dtmf=“2" value=“2">Press two for Y</option>
 ...
</vxml>
First Deployment: Malian French
Evaluation
• Limited usage due to:
  –   Political situation
  –   Ecological situation
  –   Social barriers
  –   Technical issues

• Feedback informs next phase
  – More languages (Bambara, Bomu)
  – More radio stations
  – End user
Subsequent phases
• More languages: Bambara and Bomu
• More usage

• In a way, we are “too succesful”: Too
  much demand
  – not serving the value chain
  – Should we include this in the application?
  – Cf. Marktplaats?
Business model integration




                    Onno Wassenaar
Beyond the use case:
  Sharing the Data
Sharing across regions


          Local market data
                                                                                                    Local mar ket dt a
                                                                                                                  a




       Data / communique layer                                                             RadioMar ché m ket inf r at ns ys e
                                                                                                         ar     om io t m




                                                                                              D a / com niqueplat f r m
                                                                                               at      mu         o




        Interface handler layer
                                                             Web                   Email                                 SMS                G SM/V ce
                                                                                                                                                  oi




Web        Email       SMS        GSM/Voice
                                                                                                                                                        Local r adio




                                                                   Far mer s                                                    Buyer s
                                                                   ( pr oducer )
                                                                             s                                              ( cons umer s
                                                                                                                                        )




                                                      RadioMarché in second region




                                              Local
                                              radio

        Farmers         Buyers
      (producers)    (consumers)
Linked Data for Development (LD4D)



                         Inst. of Dev elopment
                               Studies LOD
                                                 Sahel Pluv ial
                                                    data
            SemanticXO




  DBpedia


GeoNames
                                                 Citizen Journalism
       Agrovoc                                          data

                             RadioMarché
                          Linked market data
EcoMash




          Henk Kroon
Foroba Blon

“a place where everyone may speak
in front of the chief; the truth must told
respectfully, without insulting anyone”
Use Case 2: Foroba Blon
• Citizen journalism platform
  – using the same technology as
    RadioMarché

• Multiple use cases
  – Letters to editor
  – Trusted users ‘journalists’

• Funded by IPI news innovation contest
Foroba Blon
Feedback
Messages about deaths, missing
animals

Problems with registration

Voice Interface difficulties

Costs

New business models:
‘advertiser’ pays through credit

Voice Twitter?
Use Case 3: M-Event
• Event organizer for Sahel Eco

• User profile
   – Name, phone number,
     language(s)


• Call everyone and note
  responses

• “Tabale”: the sacred drum
M-event
So..
This is not the Web (yet), but:

We do parts of it:
    RadioMarché           Ebay/Marktplaats
    Foroba Blon                (Micro)Blog
    Tabale                Email? Soc. Network?

The web wasn’t built top down either
Start with real use cases, show value to make
uptake more likely
Use Web standards (free, extensible, supported)
Research questions

• Q1 [immediate]: Can the Web (be
  made to) mean something for
  knowledge sharing even under very
  constraining conditions?
   – No internet, no computer, no
     electricity
   – Multitude of languages, levels of
     literacy

• Q2 [Web future]: Can we have a Web of
  Speech?
Research questions
• Web of Speech
   – Data management via voice
   – Data presentation/UI
   – Voice-based browsing


• Linked data / microservers
   – Downscale2012 @ ESWC
   – LD4D Tutorial @ ISWC & @ WWW
   – Downscale2013?

• Integration with (development)
  economy
• ICT development in rural areas
   – Living Labs, Sustainability
SemanticXO
Crowdsourcing voice fragment gathering
Out of Africa: Lessons for ICT projects

• Problem- rather than solution-driven
• Many cycles
• Open mind
  – (low tech may be the best solution)
• Integrated approach
  – Context, business model
• Be inclusive rather than exclusive
Literature Questions
• Web Foundation: Why is it not enough to just deploy hardware
  and infrastructure (e.g. computers and internet connections)
  when we want to have people in developing regions access
  the Web?
   – Content, languages

• van Aart et al: You have probably all experienced a voice
  menu before ("Welcome to the electronic helpdesk of X, press
  1 if you have a problem with your modem, press 2..."). Most
  people are quickly annoyed by these voice menus. Are you as
  well? If so why?
   – Geen overzicht, je weet niet wat je te wachten staat

• What is a major shortcoming of such a voice menu,
  compared to normal web pages?
   – Geen overzicht. Lineair vs. tree-like
Discussion Questions
Eerste levensbehoefte?
• Er zijn plaatsen op de wereld waar nog niet eens
  drinkwater te vinden is. Is het dan verstandig om
  daar bepaald infrastructuur wel te installeren?

• Lopen we met het integreren van internet in
  ontwikkelingslanden niet op de zaken vooruit? Er
  zijn gebieden in die landen die nog geeneens
  schoon drinkwater en medische hulp hebben.
  Hebben ze dan wel voordeel aan een internet
  netwerk? Moeten ze niet eerst hun
  basisbehoeften op orde hebben en leren lezen en
  schrijven voor we hier geld in gaan stoppen?
Infrastructuur
• Is het niet vele malen duurzamer om te investeren
  in het aanleggen van een internet-netwerk dan
  het opzetten van een voice-driven tool?

• Welk proces zal op de eerste plaats moeten
  komen om het uitrollen van pc’s en internet in
  ontwikkelingslanden te versnellen, kijkend naar de
  besproken gap’s?

• Er zijn gebieden in ontwikkelingslanden die slecht
  bereikbaar zijn of onveilig, hoe kan je deze
  barriers overbruggen en toch zorgen dat
  infrastructuur voor internet komt?
Language

• Moet men de taalbarriére dichten door
  internetpagina’s aan te passen? Er bestaat al
  een schat aan informatie, die natuurlijk niet
  allemaal te vertalen is. Is het niet beter de
  mensen een extra taal aan te leren?

• Er zijn allemaal verschillende dialecten in
  ontwikkelingslanden, ook dialecten die niet eens
  geregistreerd zijn, kunnen de voice-based web
  services hiermee werken of ondersteund dit
  alleen talen zoals engels, spaans, chinees etc.?
Extent of the Web of Voices
• Indien er enkel Voice based websites komen,
  kan men alle info dan wel nog opslaan of
  achterhalen, zoals men nu kan nagaan wie
  wat typt? Gaat er dan niet veel ‘kostbare’
  informatie verloren voor bv.marketeers?

• Zouden de gesprekken, zoals beschreven in
  het artikel van van Aart, ook sociale
  contacten moeten gaan vervangen?
  Bijvoorbeeld gesprekken met een psycholoog
  of een vriend/vriendin?
Other

• Vormt corruptie (waar aanwezig) een grote
  barriere voor de ontwikkeling van ICT in derde
  wereld landen?

• Is het niet mogelijk om de niet-bereikte mensen
  een toegevoegde waarde te geven voor het
  Web? Op deze manier heeft het Web er wat aan
  en kunnen deze mensen er gebruik van maken.
  Want nu is er behoefte van 1 kant en van beide
  kanten zal het proces wellicht versnellen. Hoe
  zouden de niet bereikte mensen een
  toegevoegde waarde kunnen zijn voor het web?
Next Lecture



Prof. Guus Schreiber on Web Accessibility
Succes straks

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Mehr von Victor de Boer

One day workshop Linked Data and Semantic Web
One day workshop Linked Data and Semantic WebOne day workshop Linked Data and Semantic Web
One day workshop Linked Data and Semantic WebVictor de Boer
 
Linked Data for Digital Humanities research at Media Archives
Linked Data for Digital Humanities research at Media ArchivesLinked Data for Digital Humanities research at Media Archives
Linked Data for Digital Humanities research at Media ArchivesVictor de Boer
 
The Benefits of Linking Metadata for Internal and External users of an Audiov...
The Benefits of Linking Metadata for Internal and External users of an Audiov...The Benefits of Linking Metadata for Internal and External users of an Audiov...
The Benefits of Linking Metadata for Internal and External users of an Audiov...Victor de Boer
 
UX Challenges of Information Organisation: Assessment of Language Impairment ...
UX Challenges of Information Organisation: Assessment of Language Impairment ...UX Challenges of Information Organisation: Assessment of Language Impairment ...
UX Challenges of Information Organisation: Assessment of Language Impairment ...Victor de Boer
 
Interactive Dance Choreography Assistance presentation for ACE entertainment ...
Interactive Dance Choreography Assistance presentation for ACE entertainment ...Interactive Dance Choreography Assistance presentation for ACE entertainment ...
Interactive Dance Choreography Assistance presentation for ACE entertainment ...Victor de Boer
 
Fahad Ali's slides for Machine to-machine communication in rural conditions ...
Fahad Ali's slides for Machine to-machine communication in rural conditions  ...Fahad Ali's slides for Machine to-machine communication in rural conditions  ...
Fahad Ali's slides for Machine to-machine communication in rural conditions ...Victor de Boer
 
Linking African Traditional Medicine Knowledge - by Gossa Lo
Linking African Traditional Medicine Knowledge - by Gossa LoLinking African Traditional Medicine Knowledge - by Gossa Lo
Linking African Traditional Medicine Knowledge - by Gossa LoVictor de Boer
 
Enriching Media Collections for Event-based Exploration
Enriching Media Collections for Event-based ExplorationEnriching Media Collections for Event-based Exploration
Enriching Media Collections for Event-based ExplorationVictor de Boer
 
New Life for Old Media (NEM presentation)
New Life for Old Media  (NEM presentation)New Life for Old Media  (NEM presentation)
New Life for Old Media (NEM presentation)Victor de Boer
 
User-centered Data Science for Digital Humanities
User-centered Data Science for Digital HumanitiesUser-centered Data Science for Digital Humanities
User-centered Data Science for Digital HumanitiesVictor de Boer
 
Linked Data for Audiovisual Archives (Guest lecture at NISV)
Linked Data for Audiovisual Archives (Guest lecture at NISV)Linked Data for Audiovisual Archives (Guest lecture at NISV)
Linked Data for Audiovisual Archives (Guest lecture at NISV)Victor de Boer
 
Semantic Technology for Development: Semantic Web without the Web?
Semantic Technology for Development: Semantic Web without the Web?Semantic Technology for Development: Semantic Web without the Web?
Semantic Technology for Development: Semantic Web without the Web?Victor de Boer
 
DIVE+ and Events at EVENTS2017
DIVE+ and Events at EVENTS2017DIVE+ and Events at EVENTS2017
DIVE+ and Events at EVENTS2017Victor de Boer
 
Intro to Linked, Dutch Ships and Sailors and SPARQL handson
Intro to Linked, Dutch Ships and Sailors and SPARQL handson Intro to Linked, Dutch Ships and Sailors and SPARQL handson
Intro to Linked, Dutch Ships and Sailors and SPARQL handson Victor de Boer
 
Kasadaka and ICT4D at VU
Kasadaka and ICT4D at VUKasadaka and ICT4D at VU
Kasadaka and ICT4D at VUVictor de Boer
 
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Francis Dittoh Mr. Meteo
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Francis Dittoh  Mr. MeteoVU ICT4D symposium 2017 Francis Dittoh  Mr. Meteo
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Francis Dittoh Mr. MeteoVictor de Boer
 
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Chris van Aart
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Chris van AartVU ICT4D symposium 2017 Chris van Aart
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Chris van AartVictor de Boer
 
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Gayo Diallo Towards a Digital African Traditional Hea...
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Gayo Diallo Towards a Digital African Traditional Hea...VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Gayo Diallo Towards a Digital African Traditional Hea...
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Gayo Diallo Towards a Digital African Traditional Hea...Victor de Boer
 
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Wendelien Tuyp: Boosting african agriculture
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Wendelien Tuyp: Boosting african agriculture VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Wendelien Tuyp: Boosting african agriculture
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Wendelien Tuyp: Boosting african agriculture Victor de Boer
 

Mehr von Victor de Boer (20)

One day workshop Linked Data and Semantic Web
One day workshop Linked Data and Semantic WebOne day workshop Linked Data and Semantic Web
One day workshop Linked Data and Semantic Web
 
Linked Data for Digital Humanities research at Media Archives
Linked Data for Digital Humanities research at Media ArchivesLinked Data for Digital Humanities research at Media Archives
Linked Data for Digital Humanities research at Media Archives
 
The Benefits of Linking Metadata for Internal and External users of an Audiov...
The Benefits of Linking Metadata for Internal and External users of an Audiov...The Benefits of Linking Metadata for Internal and External users of an Audiov...
The Benefits of Linking Metadata for Internal and External users of an Audiov...
 
UX Challenges of Information Organisation: Assessment of Language Impairment ...
UX Challenges of Information Organisation: Assessment of Language Impairment ...UX Challenges of Information Organisation: Assessment of Language Impairment ...
UX Challenges of Information Organisation: Assessment of Language Impairment ...
 
Interactive Dance Choreography Assistance presentation for ACE entertainment ...
Interactive Dance Choreography Assistance presentation for ACE entertainment ...Interactive Dance Choreography Assistance presentation for ACE entertainment ...
Interactive Dance Choreography Assistance presentation for ACE entertainment ...
 
Fahad Ali's slides for Machine to-machine communication in rural conditions ...
Fahad Ali's slides for Machine to-machine communication in rural conditions  ...Fahad Ali's slides for Machine to-machine communication in rural conditions  ...
Fahad Ali's slides for Machine to-machine communication in rural conditions ...
 
Linking African Traditional Medicine Knowledge - by Gossa Lo
Linking African Traditional Medicine Knowledge - by Gossa LoLinking African Traditional Medicine Knowledge - by Gossa Lo
Linking African Traditional Medicine Knowledge - by Gossa Lo
 
Enriching Media Collections for Event-based Exploration
Enriching Media Collections for Event-based ExplorationEnriching Media Collections for Event-based Exploration
Enriching Media Collections for Event-based Exploration
 
New Life for Old Media (NEM presentation)
New Life for Old Media  (NEM presentation)New Life for Old Media  (NEM presentation)
New Life for Old Media (NEM presentation)
 
User-centered Data Science for Digital Humanities
User-centered Data Science for Digital HumanitiesUser-centered Data Science for Digital Humanities
User-centered Data Science for Digital Humanities
 
Linked Data for Audiovisual Archives (Guest lecture at NISV)
Linked Data for Audiovisual Archives (Guest lecture at NISV)Linked Data for Audiovisual Archives (Guest lecture at NISV)
Linked Data for Audiovisual Archives (Guest lecture at NISV)
 
Semantic Technology for Development: Semantic Web without the Web?
Semantic Technology for Development: Semantic Web without the Web?Semantic Technology for Development: Semantic Web without the Web?
Semantic Technology for Development: Semantic Web without the Web?
 
DIVE+ and Events at EVENTS2017
DIVE+ and Events at EVENTS2017DIVE+ and Events at EVENTS2017
DIVE+ and Events at EVENTS2017
 
About Cultuurlink
About CultuurlinkAbout Cultuurlink
About Cultuurlink
 
Intro to Linked, Dutch Ships and Sailors and SPARQL handson
Intro to Linked, Dutch Ships and Sailors and SPARQL handson Intro to Linked, Dutch Ships and Sailors and SPARQL handson
Intro to Linked, Dutch Ships and Sailors and SPARQL handson
 
Kasadaka and ICT4D at VU
Kasadaka and ICT4D at VUKasadaka and ICT4D at VU
Kasadaka and ICT4D at VU
 
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Francis Dittoh Mr. Meteo
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Francis Dittoh  Mr. MeteoVU ICT4D symposium 2017 Francis Dittoh  Mr. Meteo
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Francis Dittoh Mr. Meteo
 
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Chris van Aart
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Chris van AartVU ICT4D symposium 2017 Chris van Aart
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Chris van Aart
 
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Gayo Diallo Towards a Digital African Traditional Hea...
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Gayo Diallo Towards a Digital African Traditional Hea...VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Gayo Diallo Towards a Digital African Traditional Hea...
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Gayo Diallo Towards a Digital African Traditional Hea...
 
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Wendelien Tuyp: Boosting african agriculture
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Wendelien Tuyp: Boosting african agriculture VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Wendelien Tuyp: Boosting african agriculture
VU ICT4D symposium 2017 Wendelien Tuyp: Boosting african agriculture
 

Web & Society Web of Voices slides

  • 1. Small steps towards a Web for All Voice- and Web-interfaced Information Systems under Rural Conditions Lecture 7: Web & Society
  • 2.
  • 4.
  • 5. Can the Web (be made to) mean something for knowledge sharing even under very constraining conditions? No internet, no computer, no electricity Multitude of languages, levels of literacy
  • 6.
  • 7. Community radios 32 villages 100- 200 km (depending on the wind) Up to 30.000 listeners
  • 8. • Integrate local community radios and mobile ICT for knowledge sharing • Better support and integrate local languages in voice-based services – Development of appropriate speech elements (text-to-speech and Speech recognition) • Develop a free and open source toolbox for local developers. • Investigate self-sustainability – Develop appropriate business models – In collaboration with local communities.
  • 9. (adapted) Living Labs • Involvement of local communities – Trust and ownership – Co-creation • Rapid cycles – Use case gathering – Observation and prototyping – Test, adapt
  • 10. Business Model integration First cycle: Third cycle: Fourth cycle Fifth cycle: Second cycle: Knowledge Requirements Use case and Use case and Use Case elicitation and sharing for elicitation and Requirements Requirements selection regreening v alidation v alidation v alidation RadioMarché: RM: 2nd v ersion Pilot System RM: 3rd v ersion (production RM: 4th v ersion dev elopment (Bambara,Bomu) v ersion) (Malian French) Foroba Blon: FB: 2nd v ersion FB: 3rd v ersion pilot v ersion (Bambara,Bomu) (Bambara,Bomu) Sept 2009 Jan 2010 Jan 2011 Jan 2012 Jan 2013 June 2013 First field trip: Third field trip Fifth field trip Cycle 0 Burkina Faso Mali Mali Preliminary v isit Sixth BF sept 2009 planned field trip Mali Second field trip Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana Fourth field trip Mali
  • 11. Context-specific issues • Lack of infrastructure – Web – Power • Illiteracy, ‘small’ languages – Bambara – Bomu • Local ownership and maintainability – Costs – Maintenance • Distance between developer and user – Physical – Cultural
  • 12. M-agro Use Case Context: Regreening in Africa
  • 13. SMS Internet cafe == = ==== == translate
  • 14.
  • 15. RadioMarché system Local market data Data / communique layer Interface handler layer Web Email SMS GSM/Voice Local radio Farmers Buyers (producers) (consumers)
  • 16. SMS Radio 1: French and Bambara Radio 2: French and Bomu
  • 17. SMS Radio 1: French and Bambara Radio 2: French and Bomu
  • 18. Web frontend for Market data management and communiqué generation RadioMarche.com
  • 19. Voice channel: Multiple solutions HTTP Netbook Orange Emerginov Platform Netbook SIP over running Ethernet Prophecy Officeroute running Asterix Netbook Bluetooth running Prophecy + Mobile phone Asterix
  • 20. Audio communiqué • Audio communiqué generated by slot- and-filler Text-to-speech system – concatenating prerecorded phrases – Each radio host uses own voice (!) • Malian French (initial version) • Bambara • Bomu
  • 21. VoiceXML <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <vxml version="2.0" lang="en"> <form> <prompt bargein="false"> Welcome to RadioMarche! <audio src=“audio/communique_1_bambara.wav"/> </prompt> <option dtmf="1" value=“1">Press one for X</option> <option dtmf=“2" value=“2">Press two for Y</option> ... </vxml>
  • 22.
  • 24. Evaluation • Limited usage due to: – Political situation – Ecological situation – Social barriers – Technical issues • Feedback informs next phase – More languages (Bambara, Bomu) – More radio stations – End user
  • 25. Subsequent phases • More languages: Bambara and Bomu • More usage • In a way, we are “too succesful”: Too much demand – not serving the value chain – Should we include this in the application? – Cf. Marktplaats?
  • 26. Business model integration Onno Wassenaar
  • 27. Beyond the use case: Sharing the Data
  • 28. Sharing across regions Local market data Local mar ket dt a a Data / communique layer RadioMar ché m ket inf r at ns ys e ar om io t m D a / com niqueplat f r m at mu o Interface handler layer Web Email SMS G SM/V ce oi Web Email SMS GSM/Voice Local r adio Far mer s Buyer s ( pr oducer ) s ( cons umer s ) RadioMarché in second region Local radio Farmers Buyers (producers) (consumers)
  • 29. Linked Data for Development (LD4D) Inst. of Dev elopment Studies LOD Sahel Pluv ial data SemanticXO DBpedia GeoNames Citizen Journalism Agrovoc data RadioMarché Linked market data
  • 30. EcoMash Henk Kroon
  • 31. Foroba Blon “a place where everyone may speak in front of the chief; the truth must told respectfully, without insulting anyone”
  • 32. Use Case 2: Foroba Blon • Citizen journalism platform – using the same technology as RadioMarché • Multiple use cases – Letters to editor – Trusted users ‘journalists’ • Funded by IPI news innovation contest
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36. Feedback Messages about deaths, missing animals Problems with registration Voice Interface difficulties Costs New business models: ‘advertiser’ pays through credit Voice Twitter?
  • 37. Use Case 3: M-Event • Event organizer for Sahel Eco • User profile – Name, phone number, language(s) • Call everyone and note responses • “Tabale”: the sacred drum
  • 39.
  • 40. So..
  • 41. This is not the Web (yet), but: We do parts of it: RadioMarché Ebay/Marktplaats Foroba Blon (Micro)Blog Tabale Email? Soc. Network? The web wasn’t built top down either Start with real use cases, show value to make uptake more likely Use Web standards (free, extensible, supported)
  • 42. Research questions • Q1 [immediate]: Can the Web (be made to) mean something for knowledge sharing even under very constraining conditions? – No internet, no computer, no electricity – Multitude of languages, levels of literacy • Q2 [Web future]: Can we have a Web of Speech?
  • 43. Research questions • Web of Speech – Data management via voice – Data presentation/UI – Voice-based browsing • Linked data / microservers – Downscale2012 @ ESWC – LD4D Tutorial @ ISWC & @ WWW – Downscale2013? • Integration with (development) economy • ICT development in rural areas – Living Labs, Sustainability
  • 44.
  • 47. Out of Africa: Lessons for ICT projects • Problem- rather than solution-driven • Many cycles • Open mind – (low tech may be the best solution) • Integrated approach – Context, business model • Be inclusive rather than exclusive
  • 48. Literature Questions • Web Foundation: Why is it not enough to just deploy hardware and infrastructure (e.g. computers and internet connections) when we want to have people in developing regions access the Web? – Content, languages • van Aart et al: You have probably all experienced a voice menu before ("Welcome to the electronic helpdesk of X, press 1 if you have a problem with your modem, press 2..."). Most people are quickly annoyed by these voice menus. Are you as well? If so why? – Geen overzicht, je weet niet wat je te wachten staat • What is a major shortcoming of such a voice menu, compared to normal web pages? – Geen overzicht. Lineair vs. tree-like
  • 50. Eerste levensbehoefte? • Er zijn plaatsen op de wereld waar nog niet eens drinkwater te vinden is. Is het dan verstandig om daar bepaald infrastructuur wel te installeren? • Lopen we met het integreren van internet in ontwikkelingslanden niet op de zaken vooruit? Er zijn gebieden in die landen die nog geeneens schoon drinkwater en medische hulp hebben. Hebben ze dan wel voordeel aan een internet netwerk? Moeten ze niet eerst hun basisbehoeften op orde hebben en leren lezen en schrijven voor we hier geld in gaan stoppen?
  • 51. Infrastructuur • Is het niet vele malen duurzamer om te investeren in het aanleggen van een internet-netwerk dan het opzetten van een voice-driven tool? • Welk proces zal op de eerste plaats moeten komen om het uitrollen van pc’s en internet in ontwikkelingslanden te versnellen, kijkend naar de besproken gap’s? • Er zijn gebieden in ontwikkelingslanden die slecht bereikbaar zijn of onveilig, hoe kan je deze barriers overbruggen en toch zorgen dat infrastructuur voor internet komt?
  • 52. Language • Moet men de taalbarriére dichten door internetpagina’s aan te passen? Er bestaat al een schat aan informatie, die natuurlijk niet allemaal te vertalen is. Is het niet beter de mensen een extra taal aan te leren? • Er zijn allemaal verschillende dialecten in ontwikkelingslanden, ook dialecten die niet eens geregistreerd zijn, kunnen de voice-based web services hiermee werken of ondersteund dit alleen talen zoals engels, spaans, chinees etc.?
  • 53. Extent of the Web of Voices • Indien er enkel Voice based websites komen, kan men alle info dan wel nog opslaan of achterhalen, zoals men nu kan nagaan wie wat typt? Gaat er dan niet veel ‘kostbare’ informatie verloren voor bv.marketeers? • Zouden de gesprekken, zoals beschreven in het artikel van van Aart, ook sociale contacten moeten gaan vervangen? Bijvoorbeeld gesprekken met een psycholoog of een vriend/vriendin?
  • 54. Other • Vormt corruptie (waar aanwezig) een grote barriere voor de ontwikkeling van ICT in derde wereld landen? • Is het niet mogelijk om de niet-bereikte mensen een toegevoegde waarde te geven voor het Web? Op deze manier heeft het Web er wat aan en kunnen deze mensen er gebruik van maken. Want nu is er behoefte van 1 kant en van beide kanten zal het proces wellicht versnellen. Hoe zouden de niet bereikte mensen een toegevoegde waarde kunnen zijn voor het web?
  • 55. Next Lecture Prof. Guus Schreiber on Web Accessibility