The document discusses laws governing slaves and free black people in the antebellum South. It states that a slave needed a pass to leave their owner's land, and if caught without one could be whipped. It also notes that if a free black person gave a slave a pass without their owner's consent, both could be punished, with the free black person facing up to 39 lashes.

2. A slave was not permitted to leave his
master’s land without a pass. If he was
caught without a pass he could be
whipped.
If a Negro (free black) gave a pass to a
slave without consent of his owner,
both could be punished. The one who
gave the pass could receive up to 39
lashes on his bare back. (More than 40
lashes could kill a slave)
•SLAVE CODES
•Slavery: •Africans would be captured in
Africa, placed on ships, and
transported across the Atlantic
Ocean (Middle Passage).
•Once in the US, they would be
sold at auctions to the highest
bidder. They would then go to
work on plantations doing field
work such as growing cash crops
like cotton and tobacco.
•The Cotton Gin made slavery and
cotton profitable. The Gin allowed
more cotton to be grown and
processed. Slavery grew and
expanded as a result of the Cotton
Gin.
•Laws, called Slave Codes,
controlled the behavior of slaves.
Slaves could be punished for
almost any reason. Whippings
were very common.

3. •Sectionalism: Loyalty to one’s local interests.
-During the early 1800’s, the nation began to break down into sections. Each section had their own agenda.
•Northern Section: During the 1800’s, Northern life centered around
manufacturing. Factories were everywhere, producing products from textiles
to weapons. Northern textile factories depended on Southern plantations for
the cotton that they used.
Cotton from South; Used by Northern factories; To produce textile goods.
•1840’s: Women’s Rights Movements starts in the North. 1848: Seneca Falls Convention (National Women’s Rights Convention), Seneca Falls,
NY
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Lucretia Mott
•Created the Seneca Falls Declaration calling for greater rights for women, especially women’s suffrage.
Northern
factories
employed young
women.

4. •Southern Section: Southern life and economy depended on growing cotton and slave labor.
•Slaves worked long, hard hours and lived in awful conditions.
•Southern plantation owners made huge profits from slave labor.

5. •It was this land between the states and the river that many
US citizens would refer to as the West.
•The goal of our government and most of its people was to
populate this land with white citizens and create states which
would connect it to the rest of the country.
•Western Section: The “West” was growing quickly as people moved to the west in search of free or cheap farmland and a better life.
Louisiana
Purchase William Clark Meriwether Lewis

6. •Compromise of 1820: Missouri enters as slave state, Maine enters as free state, and create Missouri Compromise Line
•As Americans move west, the issue of slavery emerges.
-Northern states want territories to be free labor areas.
This means that people get paid for the work they do and
have freedom.
-Northerners do not like slavery and want it to end.
-Southern states want territories to be open to slavery so
that cash crops can be grown.
•Sod houses used on Great Plains.

7. •Manifest Destiny: The idea that the US was meant to expand from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. Under this idea, the US had the
right to take any land between the eastern US and the Pacific Ocean, regardless of who was living there or who owned it.
-Common phrases spoken by Americans to support Manifest Destiny:
-”Annexation of Texas” -”Fifty-four Forty or Fight” -”All of Oregon or None!”
•Texan War of Independence: In the 1830’s, Americans moved into Texas to settle down. In 1836, they declared independence from Mexico.
-The Mexican leader, Santa Anna, led an army to put down rebellion.
-Battle of the Alamo: 200 Americans fought the Mexican Army for 13 days until the Mexicans captured the Alamo.
-Several weeks later, Santa Anna would be captured and forced to give Texas its independence.

8. •Mexican-American War
(1846-1848): As a result of
this war, which the US won,
Mexico was forced to give up
much land in the American
Southwest. This included
California and the New
Mexico Territory.
•The California Gold Rush
(1848-1849):
-Gold was discovered in
1848 and within 2 years over
80,000 people rushed to
California to become rich.

9. Oregon or bust
•Oregon Trail: The Oregon Territory attracted thousands of Americans because of the descriptions written by Lewis and Clark.
-People went to Oregon to find free or cheap land in order to farm.
-They would follow the Oregon Trail from Missouri to Oregon.

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•As the US expanded into the west,
the question became: Should the
land be free or slave?

11. •Slave Revolts: Southern whites felt threatened whenever a slave revolt took place.
•Nat Turner: Led a revolt where
about 50 whites were killed.
•When slaves ran away, rewards were offered in order to get them back. Slave
owners did not want to lose their property. A Fugitive Slave Law was passed by
Congress requiring Northern States to help find and return escaped slaves.
Northern states hated and resented this law.
•Many slaves escaped to Canada by using the Underground Railroad.
This was run by Northern Abolitionists. Escaped slaves such as
Harriet Tubman helped slaves escape.
One slave “shipped” himself to the North to escape.
Slaves who
escaped
were
punished.

12. •Compromise of 1850: Settled the issue of slavery in the land conquered from Mexico in the Mexican War of 1846-1848.
1. California entered nation as a free state.
2. Land taken from Mexico split into Utah
Territory and New Mexico Territory.
3. Slavery would be decided by popular vote
by the people living in the territories.
4. Created the Fugitive Slave Law.
Northerners did not follow the Fugitive Slave
Law.

13. •Harriet Tubman: An escaped slave who
helped others escape using the Underground
Railroad.
John Brown: Abolitionist
•Frederick Douglass: Escaped slave who moved to
Rochester, NY and started an abolitionist newspaper
called the North Star.
•Abolitionists: People who wanted to end slavery and free the slaves.
•Harriet Beecher Stowe: Wrote a book called
“Uncle Tom’s Cabin.” Showed the evil’s of
slavery. Popular in the North, illegal in the
South.
•Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854): Law passed by Congress that divided the
territory into 2 separate territories. Slavery would be decided by popular
sovereignty (the people vote on the issue).
-Pro-slavery people move to Kansas to vote “yes.”
-Anti-slavery people (Abolitionists) move to Kansas to vote “no.”
-Violence breaks out between the two groups. Kansas becomes known as
“Bleeding Kansas.”
Led group of anti-slavery people.
Attacked and killed pro-slavery people in
Kansas.

14. •Dred Scott Decision: Dred Scott was a slave who sued for his freedom. The US Supreme Court
ruled against Dred Scott and said slavery was allowed in all territories.
Republican Democrat
•Popular Sovereignty is the belief that the people living in a territory have the right to
decide for themselves if slavery will be allowed in their territory…………. Stephen
Douglas
•A house divided cannot stand. I believe that this government cannot last half slave
and half free………………………Abraham Lincoln
•Slaves are property and not people. Slaves have no right that a white man is bound to respect….
-Roger Taney, Chief Justice US
Supreme Court
•I believe that the crimes of this guilty land may only be purged by blood……
-John Brown
•John Brown – Harper’s Ferry
-Attacked federal arsenal in order to capture the weapons and start a slave revolt.
-Captured and hung.
-South afraid of Northern abolitionists and attempts to get rid of slavery.
•Lincoln and Douglas ran against each other in 1858 for the US Senate. Douglas would win, but
Lincoln became nationally known

15. •Confederate States of America: Southern states left the United States and formed the Confederate States of America or
the Confederacy. Jefferson Davis was elected the 1st
President of the Confederacy.
•Election of 1860: Lincoln, a Republican, elected 16th
President in 1860.
-Southerners hated Lincoln due to his dislike of slavery
and goal of not spreading slavery into the territories.
-Southern states begin to secede or leave the Union once
Lincoln is elected.