1. ECOLOGY
By:
MARIA KRISIA
FAE DELOS
REYES DE ASIS,
BSN-RN

2. CYCLING OF CHEMICALS
WTHIN ECOSYSTEMS
Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and
oxygen
– principal elements in living
things
- Primarily held in the
atmosphere in Water, Carbon
dioxide, Nitrogen Gas, and Oxygen
gas

3. CYCLING OF CHEMICALS
WTHIN ECOSYSTEMS
Phosphorus, potassium, sulfur,
magnesium, calcium, sodium, iron,
and cobalt
– inorganic elements in the
ecosystem
- Primarily held in rocks and
enter the soil with weathering
(breakdown of rocks)

4. CYCLING OF CHEMICALS
WTHIN ECOSYSTEMS
– the atmosphere and rocks are
therefore referred to as the
RESERVOIR of inorganic substances
- The cycling of materials in
ecosystems in usually described
as beginning at the reservoir

5. CYCLING OF CHEMICALS
WTHIN ECOSYSTEMS
– within ecosystems, matter
cycles from its reservoir in the
environment, to the bodies of
living organisms, and back to the
environment

6. THE WATER CYCLE
– heated by the sun, water
evaporates into the atmosphere
from bodies of water
– as much as 90% of the water
that reaches the atmosphere from
land comes from plants as they
release water vapor into the air
through TRANSPIRATION

7. THE WATER CYCLE
– atmospheric water CONDENSES in
the clouds and eventually falls
back to the earth as
PRECIPITATION or RAIN
– most precipitation fall
directly to the ocean. Some fall
on the land, flowing into surface
bodies of water or into the soil
to form bodies of water called
GROUNDWATER.

8. THE WATER CYCLE
– is based on carbon dioxide
which makes up about 0.03% of the
atmosphere and is found dissolved
in the oceans
– producers use carbon dioxide
along with heat energy from the
sun to build carbon compounds
such as glucose during
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

10. THE CARBON CYCLE
– producers, and the consumers
that eat them, break down these
compounds during cellular
RESPIRATION and use the energy
release for metabolic processes
of life
– some of the carbon are used to
produce other compounds, but most
are released into the atmosphere
as waste

11. THE CARBON CYCLE
– closely linked to the OXYGEN
CYCLE. As plants use C02 during
photosynthesis, they produce
oxygen which is released into the
atmosphere for cellular
respiration of organisms
– some of the carbon are used to
produce other compounds, but most
are released into the atmosphere
as waste

13. THE NITROGEN CYCLE
– essential part of proteins
within living things
– Nitrogen makes up 78% of the
atmosphere, but only a small
amount in found in chemical
compounds in the soil, water, and
living organisms

14. THE NITROGEN CYCLE
NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA
-Very few bacteria that can
convert nitrogen into a form that
can be used for biological
processes
-Convert nitrogen gas into
AMMONIA (NH3)
-“NITROGEN FIXATION”
= important process needed in
synthesis of proteins, nucleic
acids, etc.

15. THE NITROGEN CYCLE
– Nitrogen is then released back
into the atmosphere by
microorganisms capable of
breaking down nitrogen compounds
and the cycle continues

17. THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
– the reservoir of phosphorus is
in the rocks and minerals rather
than the atmosphere
– it is scarcely found in certain
kinds of rocks as an insoluble
phosphate
– Humans add phosphates into the
soil for the growth of plants

18. THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
– plants take up the phosphates
from the soil and is passed on to
animals through the food chain
– when the animals that
plants die, decomposers
the phosphorus into the
making it available for
eat the
release
soil and
plants.