Seminar for the School of Advanced Studies - University of Camerino May 2013

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Web Training 2013 – Unicam SAS
Social Networks,
Job Searching &
Research (1)
Carlo Vaccari - UniCam carlo.vaccari@unicam.it
http://vaccaricarlo.wordpress.com
maggio-giugno 2013

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This material is distributed under the Creative Commons
"Attribution - NonCommercial - Share Alike - 3.0", available at
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index
Web 2.0: the new Web
Social Networks overview
Facebook and Twitter
Social Network & Job searching
– Linkedin and other websites
– Risks of the use of social networks
Social networks for Science and Researchers

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presentation
How many of you use …
Facebook
MySpace
Linkedin
Twitter
Flickr
YouTube
Slideshare
Google+
Blogger
Wordpress
Wikimedia
Wikipedia r/w
Google Docs
Smartphone
Tablet

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The Web today
Intro (Information Revolution):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4CV05HyAbM
ITU Fact and Figures:ITU ICT Facts Figures 2011
Internet World stats:
http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
Trends: Meeker Internet Trends Dec 2012
Yesterday: “wayback machine” http://www.archive.org

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The Web today
Websites from http://www.netcraft.com

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Web 2.0
From a functional point of view, what characterizes Web 2.0 is
basically the central and leading role of the user.
User becomes more and more:
a controller of data and navigating content
a producer of information
the main judge of the network products
The communication "one to many" moves to "many to many"
video “The Machine is us/ing us”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gmP4nk0EOE

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Web 2.0 examples
Google Page Rank, based on "opinions" (links) of other sites
Wikipedia encyclopedia with entries determined and
constructed by users
Ebay, where each seller and buyer has a public reputation given
by other users depending on his behavior
Blog, where participation replaces communication
Social networks (Flickr, Myspace, Facebook) that collect and
organize content provided by users

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Web 2.0 social 1
Social Software
software that gives users a way to connect (usually through the
contents sharing).
- Value sharing: in social applications users participation
increases contents quality and quantity and therefore gives a
higher value of the service. The collective dimension, then, is the
guarantee of the existence and quality of service. Eg Wikipedia
- Value sharing and cooperation: cooperation on contents not
only shared but co-created, becomes an additional element of
value. The ability to "create together" contents increases of an
order of magnitude the degree of relationship between people
and promotes sociability from the moment of creating content.
Eg docs.google.com

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Web 2.0 social 2
Which is the value of the contents of Web 2.0 applications?
As a service acquires contents (and value) through the direct
participation of users and visitors, Web 2.0 applications are in a
sense "hostage" of the user
High and sustained user participation is a condition of survival of
social networking sites
The popularity of Web 2.0 service seems to be a critical element
that sometimes overwhelms the same quality
User power vs. Big Companies power
What should happen if users run away from Google/Facebook?
(see Myspace-Facebook)

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Web 2.0 social 3
Participation
Many services adopt mixed policies to promote participation (Eg
some parts of the site visible to everyone)
Another factor to consider is the degree of customization of users
participation. Systems such as WordPress, for example, allow the
owners of the blog to set up different levels of access to content
production and to enable comments at all or only to registered
users
Another aspect to consider: many Web 2.0 services combine free
use and use fee (freemium) - the paying customers receive the
highest quality services, additional functionality, while not paying
are excluded

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Web 2.0 social 4
New authorship dimensions: Copyright and Copyleft
Production, sharing, assessing and putting some content in the
network open a lot of issues related to traditional copyright
Questions:
Who owns, in fact, contents shared and commented?
It is wholly owned by those who wrote or you can assign to
writer AND commentators?
And if so, to what extent?
Are sufficient and suitable only quantitative criteria to define
the degree of Authorship?
All this, moreover, is complicated in the case of collective or
co-created content in distributed editors: for example, who is the
author and owner of publishing rights of Wikipedia voices?
Creative Commons … see licences

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social networks: origin
Social networks are the heirs of Usenet, the network of discussion
groups (newsgroups) using nntp protocol
Today the newsgroups and their archives are under the
"protection" of Google, which guarantees the continuation in
"web" mode
https://groups.google.com/forum/?fromgroups&hl=en#!browse
Example: it.hobby.motociclismo
Many terms used in social networks (and in all 2.0 applications)
were born in the Usenet community: post, thread, lurker, troll, ...

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social networks
Definition: web-based services that allow individuals to:
- construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded
system
- articulate a list of other users with whom they share a
connection
- view and traverse their list of connections and those made by
others within the system.
Today among the most used websites:
- Facebook (1)
- Linkedin (13)
- Twitter (14)

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social networks

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social networks
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6a_KF7TYKVc
(social network)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_networking_websites
how many “friends” on facebook?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar%27s_number
Trend: real-time (like Twitter) and location-based (GPS - mobile)

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social networks: Facebook
Goal: connect real people (otherwise Netlog or MySpace)
Used to be recognized (99% of members have a profile
picture), Facebook is useless and boring if you are not
recognizable
Timeline: shows an overview of your life on Facebook, with the
ability to check what has been done or written at a particular
point in time past
All activity- People Directory- Control- All settings
People vs. Fanpage

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social networks: Facebook
http://www.vincos.it/osservatorio-facebook/
Expansion in Italy (and other countries):
http://www.socialbakers.com/facebook-statistics/italy
on http://www.socialbakers.com/ see also pages, brands, apps
and advertising
Numbers:
http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?statistics
http://www.internetworldstats.com/facebook.htm
http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-57566550-93/facebook-by-the
-numbers-1.06-billion-monthly-active-users/
http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2013/Social-media-users/Th
e-State-of-Social-Media-Users.aspx

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social networks: Twitter
Constant publication of short contents in the network, in the form of
text messages (usually up to 140-200 bytes), images, video, MP3
audio, but also bookmarks, citations and notes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-blogging
http://www.twitter.com
http://it.youtube.com/watch?v=ddO9idmax0o (Twitter)
http://stories.twitter.com/
URL shortening to fit in 140 bytes
used in “twitter revolutions” Egypt 2011, Tunisia 2010-2011, Iran
2009

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social networks: Twitter
Twitter: started in 2006, growth: TPD (tweets per day)
2007 – 40k
2008 – 1M
2010 – 65M
2011 - 250M
TPS tweets per second records
- 6939 TPS 1.1.2011 (Japan time 00:01)
http://www.growcial.com/twitter-greets-2013-with-record-breaking-number-o
f-tweets-per-second/
RT - retweet
DM - direct message
@user - to mention or reply to user
# - hashtag also for “micro-meme”