This presentation accompanied a webinar presented by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and SEAFWA on August 22, 2012. For more information visit http://www.fws.gov/southeast/candi

1. Range-wide Conservation Strategy for the
Gopher Tortoise (DRAFT)

2. WEBINAR Overview
AGENDA
 Stacy Shelton (Moderator)
 Overview of USFWS Southeast “Candidate Conservation” Website.
 Questions after each major section of webinar, raise hands.
 Elsa Haubold (Co-Host, SEAFWA Wildlife Diversity Committee)
 Importance of Partnerships in Gopher Tortoise Conservation.
 Genesis of the draft strategy - USFWS/GA & FL.
 Matt Hinderliter (Co-Host, USFWS Lead Biologist for the Gopher
Tortoise)
 Threats assessment based on the five listing factors.
 Objectives and action items to address the threats.
 Tracking implementation by partners.
 Comment submission.
Matt & Elsa will lead the presentation and answer questions.

3. Co-host contact information
Southeastern Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies (SEAFWA):
Elsa M. Haubold, PhD
Section Leader - Species Conservation Planning Section
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
& Chair, SEAFWA Wildlife Diversity Committee
Elsa.Haubold@MyFWC.com
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS):
Matt Hinderliter
Range-Wide Gopher Tortoise Lead Biologist
Mississippi Ecological Services Field Office
fw4gophertortoise@fws.gov

4. Purpose of the Conservation Strategy:
 Lays out a preliminary course of action for the conservation of
the gopher tortoise
 It is our hope that partner implementation of this plan, with
progress evaluated annually, will provide the information
needed to address the threats to the species
 Intended to be an adaptive document that will be revised as
new information is received from the public and partners

5. Layout of the Strategy:
Overview: Brief background of our information on the species,
including population estimates, trends, and population status range-wide
(specific life history traits, range, and habitat descriptions can be found
in Appendix 2).
Threats to the species: Organized by Endangered Species Act (ESA)
listing factors, this section summarizes the primary threats to the
species; the majority of this information is taken from the “12-Month
Finding on a Petition to List the Gopher Tortoise as Threatened in the
Eastern Portion of its Range.” (July 27, 2011).
Current conservation efforts/Summary of conservation status
Conservation objectives and action plans: Organized primarily by
ESA listing factors, this section identifies the specific information,
commitments, etc. necessary to address the threats to the species, and
those actions, that if effectively implemented, could preclude the need
to list the species.

6. Status of the Species: What do we know?
Effectively assessing the status (i.e., whether it is increasing,
decreasing, or stable) of the gopher tortoise throughout its range
requires evaluation of:
 Distribution of populations
 How many tortoises/population
 How many populations
 Population demography
 Trends in population growth

7. An adult, juvenile, and hatchling (L-R) gopher tortoise

8. Status of the species
From population modeling efforts (referenced in the 12-month
finding), we can draw two very general conclusions:
1. Gopher tortoise populations are likely to decline in the
future under a wide array of demographic and
environmental conditions that exist today.
2. Gopher tortoise populations, although declining, and in
some cases functionally extinct, will persist for 100 to 200
years.
The effect of these may be that tortoises will be seen for long
periods of time throughout their range, not because their
populations are stable or increasing, but because they are long-
lived.

9. Threats to the species (5 ESA listing factors)
(A) The present or threatened destruction, modification, or
curtailment of its habitat or range;
(B) Overutilization for commercial, recreational, scientific,
or educational purposes;
(C) Disease or predation;
(D) The inadequacy of existing regulatory mechanisms;
(E) Other natural or manmade factors affecting its continued
existence (climate change, herbicides, road mortality,
invasive species).

10. (A) The present or threatened destruction, modification, or
curtailment of its habitat or range;
(Examples, not an all-inclusive list)
Activities:
Road construction, urbanization, mining, sand extraction,
silvicultural or agricultural conversion, fire exclusion (or insufficient
fire management)
Direct or indirect results to habitat:
Direct conversion/loss of habitat, shrub & hardwood
encroachment, invasive species establishment, canopy closure, and
decline of available forage & groundcover
Direct or indirect results to species:
Road and other direct mortality, reproductive isolation, small and
discontinuous populations, edge effects (such as increased
predation), displacement of tortoises to undesirable habitat

11. Poor-quality gopher tortoise habitat: High tree density
(lack of forage and sunlight for basking/egg incubation)

12. Poor-quality gopher tortoise habitat: Established invasive
species (cogongrass) – native forage species outcompeted

13. Poor-quality gopher tortoise habitat: High shrub density
(lack of forage and sunlight for basking/egg incubation)

14. How action items are organized in the Strategy:
 Objective 1: Address the present and threatened
destruction, modification, or curtailment of gopher tortoise habitat (related
to Listing Factor A)
 Objective 2: Address issues related to overutilization for
commercial, recreational, scientific, or educational purposes (related to
Listing Factor B)
 Objective 3: Investigate and mitigate disease and predation effects (related
to Listing Factor C)
 Objective 4: Investigate range-wide effective regulatory mechanisms
(related to Listing Factor D)
 Objective 5: Determine population viability parameters (additional scientific
information necessary to address Listing Factor A)

15. Objective 1: Address the present and threatened destruction,
modification, or curtailment of gopher tortoise habitat
Examples include:
 Identify, prioritize, and protect viable tortoise populations;
 Increase the size and/or carrying capacity of viable population
areas through applied management, land acquisition, or
incentives to adjacent landowners
 Working with partners/land managers, maximize the amount of
acreage appropriately maintained by prescribed fire, define
DFCs and BMPs

16. High-quality gopher tortoise habitat (Joseph W. Jones Ecological
Research Center at Ichauway): plentiful and diverse forage,
abundant sunlight

17. Habitat management and silvicultural activities can be compatible
with gopher tortoise conservation

18. Objective 2: Address issues related to overutilization for
commercial, recreational, scientific, or educational purposes
 Work with partners to convert the two remaining rattlesnake
round-ups to wildlife festivals

19. Objective 3: Investigate and mitigate disease and predation
effects
 Initiate a risk assessment for current disease testing
mechanisms
 Identify and reduce the factors most negatively impacting
juvenile tortoise recruitment, specifically predation effects from
invasive and/or nuisance predators

20. Objective 4: Investigate range-wide effective regulatory
mechanisms
 Adopt mitigation strategies across the range that address the
ongoing need for relocation of tortoises, but do it in a way as to
minimize loss of preferred habitat, and maximize site fidelity

21. Objective 5: Determine population viability parameters
 Establish consensus within the research community on what
defines a viable gopher tortoise population
 Establish consensus on the number and distribution of viable
gopher tortoise populations necessary such that the species in
the eastern range would not require listing
 Establish a consistent mechanism of proper surveying &
monitoring techniques and schedules, to accurately assess
population levels, trends, and responses to management

22. Filling out the action item spreadsheet:
 Objectives & action items
 Primary threats to the species
 Actions needed to address specific threats
 Policy/regulatory and implementation partners
 Leads (FWS & State agency) and due dates

23. Our “roadmap” of how to follow our progress

24. Types of comments on the strategy:
Should there be additional action items, or has there been
additional research/agreements done recently that would address
the current action items?
Help to identify the appropriate people/organizations to address
and implement the action items on the strategy
Comments should be received by September 15, 2012.
Appropriate revisions will be made and a second draft of the
Strategy circulated by October 1, 2012.
Please submit comments to: fw4gophertortoise@fws.gov

25. THANK YOU!
Additional identical webinars will be held August 29 @ 1pm EST,
September 5 @ 2pm EST, and September 6 @ 10am EST.