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Donal McDaid. Transport in a Metropolis. Issues and Solutions
1. Transport in a Metropolis
Issues and Solutions
Presentation to Moscow Urban Forum | 8th December 2011
We shape a better world | www.arup.com
2. Presentation Content
• Introduction
• Survey of travel behavior in Russian cities
• Benchmarking Internationally – C40 cities
• Where do we go from here?
• Summary and conclusions
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
3. Travel behaviour in Russian Cities
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
4. Travel behaviour in Russian Cities
• Research Study by Arup into
travel demand and patterns in
Moscow, Saint Petersburg and
Krasnodar
• Objective was to understand
peoples perception of current
transport provision, reasons for
personal travel behavior and
barriers to change
• Transport Research (2010)
based on:
‒ passenger interviews
‒ user preference surveys
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
5. Travel behaviour in Russian Cities
700
Car Ownership (cars per 1,000 population)
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Germany UK USA Czech Russia Brazil Turkey China India
Republic
• Moscow and Russia figures well below EU and US
• Significant scope for large increases in car ownership
• This needs to be planned for and tackled now
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
6. Survey Findings - Moscow Commuter Travel
40,0%
35,0%
30,0%
25,0%
20,0%
15,0%
10,0%
5,0%
0,0%
Private Car Metro / Trains Surface PT Walking
• Large share of commuting by public transport;
• Relatively low car use, 18 – 20%;
• Low share of walking trips (less than 10%)
• No cycling.
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
7. Survey Findings - Comparison of mode choice
• Car ownership is lower than in most European conurbations
• Commuter daily car use is also lower (about 21%) - congestion is
however comparable or worse than in many of those conurbations
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
Others
50% Cycle
40%
Walk
30%
20%
PT
10% Car
0%
-10% Krasnodar Moscow Saint Warsaw Barcelona Amsterdam Copenhagen
Petersburg
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
8. Survey Findings – Private car use
40,0%
35,8%
35,0% Reasons to use private car? 33,7%
30,0%
25,4%
25,0%
20,0%
15,0%
10,0%
5,2%
5,0%
0,0%
Work / Home Price Comfort Time
Location
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
9. Survey Findings – Car parking
60%
Where do you park your car (commuters)?
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Parking at work Free On-street Paid On-street Paid Off-street P&R
49% workers predominantly park their car on-street, free of charge – this generates additional traffic
and congestion during peak periods;
paid car parking is rare (11%) – Wide availability of free car parking is likely to favour use of the
private car over alternative modes. (Scope to increase? Instrument for raising funds?)
almost no Park and Ride (4%) – potential associated with the Metro / rapid trams / buses.
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
10. Survey Findings – Car users willingness to use Public Transport
commuting shopping
32,8% 40,7%
67,2% 59,3%
Significant number of commuters are willing to use alternative modes (67.2%);
A large number of shoppers driving a car are willing to use public transport (59.3%).
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
11. Survey Findings – Public transport users perspective
Overall negative perception of
the transport services;
Moscow
Most respondents (88.2%)
consider current transport
12% provision as either ‘not good’ or
‘very bad’;
15% When the question is posed to
car owners only, the perception
of the transport services gets
73% Very Bad
worse again in Moscow, with
79.4% of car owners
Not good
considering PT service as being
Acceptable
‘very bad’ (vs. 73.1% of all
respondents).
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
12. Survey Findings – What do people think is the solution?
3,0
2,5
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
0,0
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
13. Benchmarking Internationally – C40 Cities
• Arup co-authored a report
on an analysis of actions
underway in the worlds
megacities to address
climate change
• Surveys of member cities
between March and April
2011
• A key component of this
analysis was an assessment
of the transport sector in
each city and efforts to
drive sustainable transport
planning
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
14. Benchmarking Internationally – C40 Cities
• Key finding of the survey is that C40 City Authorities (Mayor)
typically have the authority to tackle climate change, with transport
a key lever in delivering on objectives.
• Review of what other cities are doing in transport planning,
considered under;
– Personal Transport Modes
– Passenger Transit within the City
– Passenger and Freight transport to and from the city
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
15. Where do we go from here?
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
16. Where do we go from here?
• Key drivers for transport planning in Russian Cities include;
– Increasing consolidation of population into cities
– A need for integrated land-use and transport planning (contain ‘urban
spread’)
– Potential for significant car ownership growth
– Urgent need to tackle existing congestion in cities
– Climate change
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
17. Where do we go from here? – Assess needs and plan
• City Authorities must plan and have
the authority and resources to
deliver integrated land use and
transport planning
– Requires skilled teams of planners and
transport engineers within the City
Authorities (e.g. DfTDTI Moscow)
– Understand the issues and needs
– Develop the appropriate planning tools
(e.g. transport modelling as a tool, not
a solution)
– Establish clear development and
transport planning policies, objectives
and guidelines for city (including
‘Transport Impact Assessment’)
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
18. A city for people, not cars
• If you plan for cars, the result will be
more cars. However, if you plan for
people, the result will be more people!
• In Moscow (as in many other cities), a
minority (20 – 25%) of daily
commuters creates major impacts for
the majority of the population, also
taking the majority of the public
space;
• Busy wide traffic corridors and lack
of pedestrian facilities create
severance, making it less attractive to
walk or use public transport;
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
19. Where do we go from here? – Demand Management
Sustainable cities need brave leaders
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
20. Where do we go from here? – Expansion of PT Networks
Transport network integration mixture of;
• Carefully planned expansion of mass transit
networks
• Better use of surface transport modes (Bus,
LRT)
• Development of Public Transport Interchanges
• Use of ‘Park and Ride’
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
21. Where do we go from here? – the humble bus
• Bus networks will continue to have a significant role in city transport
solutions and future planning
• Strong drive to make the bus attractive again as a travel mode
– Bus Rapid Transit
– Reallocation of road space for priority
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
22. Make our streets attractive for walking and cycling
• Moscow has a low share of walking only trips to work (less than 10%) vs. Cities with comparable climate
(Warsaw 21%, Copenhagen 19%). Only 10- 15% of daily shopping trips are on foot;
• climatic conditions do have an influence in transport choice, but it is not a major consideration for more
than 40% commuters;
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
23. Where do we go from here? – The return of the bike!
The Copenhagenize Index -
Bicycle-Friendly Cities 2011
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
24. Where do we go from here? – Traffic Network
Management and Intelligent Transport Systems
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
25. Summary and Conclusions
Integration of land-use and transport planning
Optimisation of existing street and transport networks
Public Transport Network Integration
Restrict car travel and parking in city centres
Policies and measures to support walking and cycling
Freight management within city centres
Infrastructure & Technologies
( Transport Issues in a Metropolis)
26. Thank You
For further information on the research
800
600
project, contact Arup at;
400 36 Krasnoproletarskaya Street Ул. Краснопролетарская, д. 36
200 4-th Floor 4-ый этаж
0 Moscow 127473 Москва, 127473
Russia Россия
T+7 495 933 7557
Moscow@arup.com
For further information on the
C40 Cities Research visit
www.c40cities.org/
Presentation to Moscow Urban Forum | 8th December 2011
We shape a better world | www.arup.com