2. AIDS Orientation Sessions will help UN staff:
• Know the essential facts about HIV and AIDS
• Protect oneself and families from HIV infection
• Live Positively with HIV
• Contribute to a tolerant, equitable and
compassionate UN-system Workplace
p y p
• Understand the UN Personnel Policy on HIV/AIDS
• Know global, regional and Philippines AIDS
epidemic
• Learn about UN Cares
3. Outline of morning session
g
1. Basic Facts about HIV and AIDS
2. Global, regional and national HIV
epidemic
3. Condom education
4. Outline of afternoon session
1. Stigma and discrimination, UN Plus
g ,
2. UN Personnel Policy on HIV, UN
Cares
3. PEP kits
4. Voluntary Testing and Counseling
5. Beyond the basics
Sex and sexuality
Supportive work environment
Drugs and alcohol
Gender
Love and trust
Death
7. H Human Can only infect human beings
Immuno-
Immuno Attacks the bod ’s imm ne
body’s immune
I Deficiency
system by weakening its defenses
against diseases/infections
V Virus An organism, a characteristic of
which is that it reproduces itself,
taking over the machinery of the
human cell
8. Transmitted from person to person.
A Acquired
q Not hereditary.
y
It affects the body's immune system,
I Immune-
Immune
part of the body which usually
works to fight off germs such as
bacteria and viruses.
D Deficiency It makes the immune system work
improperly.
Someone with AIDS may experience
S Syndrome a wide range of different diseases
and opportunistic infections
infections.
9. How can you tell if someone has HIV or AIDS?
Because of the way they act? Knowing their sexual orientation?
Slide courtesy of Dr Cherry Abrenica, San Lazaro Hospitla, Philippines
10. How can you tell if someone has HIV or AIDS?
Looking tired and ill?
Slide courtesy of Dr Cherry Abrenica, San Lazaro Hospitla, Philippines
11. How can you tell if someone has HIV or AIDS?
No way of
knowing
12. Infection History
1. Exposure and successful entry of the virus
2. Window Period - 6 weeks to 6 months
3. HIV infection - asymptomatic stage, 8 to 10 years
(Philippines, average 5 years)
• People with HIV look and act just like anyone
without HIV infection
4. AIDS - 6 months t 2 years
th to
5. Death
14. Can you get HIV infection from…
Using Public Swimming Using Public
Pool
P l? Toilet
T il t ?
Slide courtesy of Dr Cherry Abrenica, San Lazaro Hospitla, Philippines
15. Can you get HIV infection from…
INSECT Bites?
Yes
No
Only from female
mosquitoes
Slide courtesy of Dr Cherry Abrenica, San Lazaro Hospitla, Philippines
16. CAN YOU GET HIV INFECTION FROM…
KISSING ? SHARING UTENSILS ?
Slide courtesy of Dr Cherry Abrenica, San Lazaro Hospitla, Philippines
17. CAN YOU GET HIV INFECTION from…
Handshake
H d h k ? Hugging ?
18. Which protects you most against HIV infection?
– Condom
– Contraceptive pill
– Spermicide jelly
– Female Condom
– Vaccine
– Antibiotics
19. Requisites of HIV Infection
q
• Body fluid with adequate infectious load
(blood,
(bl d semen, cervical and vaginal
i l d i l
secretions and breast milk)
• Portal of entry of the virus into the
bloodstream
20. How is HIV transmitted?
1. Unprotected p
p penetrative sexual intercourse:
– Infected semen and vaginal fluid through sexual contacts whether
vaginal, anal
– or oral (biologically and epidemiologically less reasonable).
Slide courtesy of Dr Cherry Abrenica, San Lazaro
Hospitla, Philippines
21. How is HIV transmitted?
2. Infected blood and blood products:
Blood transfusion Organ transplant Sharing of contaminated
needles and syringes
Slide courtesy of Dr Cherry Abrenica, San Lazaro Hospitla, Philippines
22. How is HIV transmitted?
3. Perinatal Transmission:
Placental entry During delivery Breast feeding
Slide courtesy of Dr Cherry Abrenica, San Lazaro Hospitla, Philippines
23. WHO ARE AT RISK?
Recipients f
R i i t of contaminated
t i t d Multiple
M lti l sexual partners
l t
blood and blood products without condoms
Slide courtesy of Dr Cherry Abrenica, San Lazaro Hospitla, Philippines
24. WHO ARE AT RISK?
Sexual partners of infected Injecting drug users who
persons share needles
Slide courtesy of Dr Cherry Abrenica, San Lazaro Hospitla, Philippines
25. WHO ARE AT RISK?
Mother living with HIV Men having sex with men
breastfeeding her baby without condom
Slide courtesy of Dr Cherry Abrenica, San Lazaro Hospitla, Philippines
26. Sexual transmission of HIV
• High risk through vaginal sex
g g g
• Anal sex – 10 times higher risk than vaginal sex
• Oral sex regarded as a low-risk sexual activity,
g y,
but risk of HIV transmission increases if there are
cuts or sores in or around the mouth of “recipient”
A person with untreated sexually transmitted
infection, particularly with ulcers or discharge
i f ti ti l l ith l di h
- 6 to 10 times more likely to pass on or
acquire HIV during sex.
q g
27. Blood transfusions and sharing of
infected syringes and needles
y g
• More than 90% risk of acquiring HIV
through transfusion of infected blood
g
and blood products.
• Re-using or sharing needles or
g g
syringes in health care settings and
through drug injection is a highly
efficient way of transmitting HIV.
ffi i t ft itti HIV
28. Mother to child (during p g
( g pregnancy,
y,
child delivery or breastfeeding)
• G
Generally, 15–30% risk of
% f
transmission from mother to child
before and during delivery
delivery.
• Breastfeeding increases the risk of
transmission by 10–15%.
10 15%.
29. One CANNOT get HIV through:
• Hugging and kissing
• Eating and drinking with people with HIV
• Shaking hands
• Sharing utensils
• Living and working with someone with HIV
• Coughing and sneezing
• Mosquito and other insect bites
• Swimming in a pool
• Sharing toilet seats
31. • Sexual transmission of HIV can be prevented by:
p y
abstinence
mutually monogamous relations between
y g
uninfected partners
non-penetrative sex
consistent and correct use of condoms
32. • Mother to child transmission can be prevented by:
Treatment
Caesarian section
Avoid breastfeeding
A id b tf di
• Always use new needles and syringes that are
disposable or those that are properly sterilized
before reuse.
• Ensure that blood and blood products are tested
for HIV and that blood safety standards are
implemented.
33. • Transmission in healthcare settings can be
g
prevented by:
Universal precautions
p
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
35. • There are treatments that slow the progression of
HIV infection and allow people infected with virus
to live healthily and productively for many years
• Combination anti-HIV therapy is known as
antiretroviral therapy, ART or ARV (or HAART)
• Although effective in slowing the progression of
HIV-related disease, ART is not a cure.
• Therapies also exist to prevent and /or treat many
HIV related opportunistic infections.
38. • UN PEP Starter Kits are provided to facilitate prompt
access to medication in case of potential exposure to
p p
HIV.
• PEP should be started as soon as possible after
exposure,
exposure ideally within the next few hours and no later
hours,
than 72 hours post exposure.
• PEP kits include:
1. Five days’ of a two-drug anti-retroviral treatment (full
course 28-days)
2. Emergency oral contraception (“morning after pill”)
3. Pregnancy test kit
39. • Not 100% effective in preventing HIV infection
• PEP is available to all individuals with a UN
agency contract and their spouses and
dependant children in the case of:
p
1. Sexual assault
2. Occupational e posu e
Occupat o a exposure
3. An accident, criminal assault or security incident
• In principle not intended for individuals who
through voluntary activities outside work expose
themselves to HIV (however….)
40. Where to get the PEP Kit?
Wh t t th
Regional Medical Service
World Health Organization
g
United Nations Avenue
Manila 1000 Philippines
Who are the 24/24h PEP Starter Kits custodians in the Philippines?
Ms Zenaida V Cariaga
Clinical Nurse, WHO/WPRO
e-mail: cariagaz@wpro.who.int
Dr Marie Yvette Jaramillo
Regional Staff Physician, WHO/WPRO
e-mail: jaramillom@wpro.who.int
