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Digital Bereavement
                             Articulating the Unheard Utterances...




uncommonground4500.blogspot.com                              Spring 2010
Grief
            Universal emotion
            Traditionally:
                Formal public gatherings
                Backstage emotion
            Recently:
                Digital bereavement
                Frontstage utterances


uncommonground4500.blogspot.com             Spring 2010
Memorializing Facebook




uncommonground4500.blogspot.com     Spring 2010
The Big Question
                        How does the use of
               Facebook profiles change depending
             upon the living-state of the profile holder?




uncommonground4500.blogspot.com                        Spring 2010
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN




uncommonground4500.blogspot.com   Spring 2010
Profile Demographics
                Gender
                    11 males
                    1 female
                Circumstances
                    11 sudden deaths
                    1 chronic illness (treated as a special case)
                Age
                    17 to 32 years




uncommonground4500.blogspot.com                                      Spring 2010
Process
            Sampling method
                1 year of pre-death wall posts
                All post-death wall posts
            LIWC, SPSS, Wmatrix
                Prominent punctuation, words, & parts of speech
                Word categories



uncommonground4500.blogspot.com                           Spring 2010
Relevant Theories
            Continuing Bond
                People maintain a changed but continued
                 relationship with the deceased

            Uses and Gratifications
                People actively choose to use certain media to
                 gratify specific needs


uncommonground4500.blogspot.com                             Spring 2010
Predictions                    (for posts after death)

       Complexity/Formality                      Verb Tense
           More - words per sentence,                More - past
            words per post, long words (>6            Less - future
            letters), periods, commas,
            exclusives                            Pronoun Usage
       Intimacy
                                                      More - personal pronouns
                                                       (I, you, we)
           More - family, friend, affect
                                                  Other
       Emotion                                       More - religion, death,
           More - positive                            space, time, relativity,
                                                       motion
uncommonground4500.blogspot.com                                            Spring 2010
PRELIMINARY RESULTS




uncommonground4500.blogspot.com   Spring 2010
LIWC Results




uncommonground4500.blogspot.com   Spring 2010
LIWC Results




uncommonground4500.blogspot.com   Spring 2010
Wmatrix Results
            Top Results                Interesting Results
         Pre-Death       Post-Death   Pre-Death   Post-Death
         <name>          miss         lol         miss
         lol             you          haha        you
         haha            love         yeah        love
         is              always       hey         always
         if              were         hows        peace
         's              and          dude        never
         get             will         should      smile
         well            peace        yea         all
         yeah            much         actually    beautiful
         ithaca          rip          pic         memories
         going           missed       yo          heart
         soon            rest         kinda       believe
uncommonground4500.blogspot.com                                Spring 2010
DESIGN IMPLICATIONS




uncommonground4500.blogspot.com   Spring 2010
uncommonground4500.blogspot.com   Spring 2010
Questions?




uncommonground4500.blogspot.com   Spring 2010
Contact Information

              BLOG
       http://uncommonground4500.blogspot.com

             EMAIL
       uncommonground4500@gmail.com



uncommonground4500.blogspot.com            Spring 2010
References
                Hume, J., & Bressers, B. (2009). Obituaries online: New connections with the
                 living -- and the dead. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 60(3), 255-271. 
                 http://baywood.metapress.com/app/home/contribution.asp?
                 referrer=parent&backto=issue,4,6;journal,1,238;linkingpublicationresults,
                 1:300329,1


                Lombard, M., & Selverian, M. E. M. (2008). Telepresence after death. Presence:
                 Teleoper. Virtual Environ., 17(3), 310-325. http://astro.temple.edu/~lombard/
                 teaching/m9505materials/P2006_Lombard3.doc
                M. Massimi paper summary/abstract of his thesis: http://
                 research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/redmond/groups/connect/CSCW_10/docs/
                 p521.pdf


                Bruflat, R. Gone, but not forgotten: Long-term communciation strategies of
                 bereaved families. Conference Papers -- National Communciation. http://
                 www.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/9/1/2/1/
                 p191217_index.html


uncommonground4500.blogspot.com                                                                   Spring 2010

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Digital Bereavement

  • 1. Digital Bereavement Articulating the Unheard Utterances... uncommonground4500.blogspot.com Spring 2010
  • 2. Grief  Universal emotion  Traditionally:  Formal public gatherings  Backstage emotion  Recently:  Digital bereavement  Frontstage utterances uncommonground4500.blogspot.com Spring 2010
  • 4. The Big Question How does the use of Facebook profiles change depending upon the living-state of the profile holder? uncommonground4500.blogspot.com Spring 2010
  • 6. Profile Demographics  Gender  11 males  1 female  Circumstances  11 sudden deaths  1 chronic illness (treated as a special case)  Age  17 to 32 years uncommonground4500.blogspot.com Spring 2010
  • 7. Process  Sampling method  1 year of pre-death wall posts  All post-death wall posts  LIWC, SPSS, Wmatrix  Prominent punctuation, words, & parts of speech  Word categories uncommonground4500.blogspot.com Spring 2010
  • 8. Relevant Theories  Continuing Bond  People maintain a changed but continued relationship with the deceased  Uses and Gratifications  People actively choose to use certain media to gratify specific needs uncommonground4500.blogspot.com Spring 2010
  • 9. Predictions (for posts after death)  Complexity/Formality  Verb Tense  More - words per sentence,  More - past words per post, long words (>6  Less - future letters), periods, commas, exclusives  Pronoun Usage  Intimacy  More - personal pronouns (I, you, we)  More - family, friend, affect  Other  Emotion  More - religion, death,  More - positive space, time, relativity, motion uncommonground4500.blogspot.com Spring 2010
  • 13. Wmatrix Results Top Results Interesting Results Pre-Death Post-Death Pre-Death Post-Death <name> miss lol miss lol you haha you haha love yeah love is always hey always if were hows peace 's and dude never get will should smile well peace yea all yeah much actually beautiful ithaca rip pic memories going missed yo heart soon rest kinda believe uncommonground4500.blogspot.com Spring 2010
  • 17. Contact Information BLOG http://uncommonground4500.blogspot.com EMAIL uncommonground4500@gmail.com uncommonground4500.blogspot.com Spring 2010
  • 18. References  Hume, J., & Bressers, B. (2009). Obituaries online: New connections with the living -- and the dead. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 60(3), 255-271.  http://baywood.metapress.com/app/home/contribution.asp? referrer=parent&backto=issue,4,6;journal,1,238;linkingpublicationresults, 1:300329,1  Lombard, M., & Selverian, M. E. M. (2008). Telepresence after death. Presence: Teleoper. Virtual Environ., 17(3), 310-325. http://astro.temple.edu/~lombard/ teaching/m9505materials/P2006_Lombard3.doc  M. Massimi paper summary/abstract of his thesis: http:// research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/redmond/groups/connect/CSCW_10/docs/ p521.pdf  Bruflat, R. Gone, but not forgotten: Long-term communciation strategies of bereaved families. Conference Papers -- National Communciation. http:// www.allacademic.com/meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/1/9/1/2/1/ p191217_index.html uncommonground4500.blogspot.com Spring 2010

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. universal emotion caused by major loss, handled in different ways Traditionally Funerals, memorial services, etc Diaries Recently More segmented mobile society Need: digital online space to bring people together across space &amp; time, &amp; for support FB: memorialization feature
  2. - looking at the nature of posting pre- and post-death postings - hoping to be able to understand the motivation of FB wall posting - hoping that the analysis of our results will give us clues as to why people continue posting on deceased users&amp;#x2019; profiles
  3. sudden deaths (self-inflicted vs accidental)
  4. Cleaning (comments etc) We did not include the chronic illness special case in our analysis, BUT we will talk about interesting findings in our results
  5. LIWC provides a relatively simple and straightforward picture of how individuals are thinking as they write about deeply personal events. Continuing Bond: ppl maintain a changed but continued relationship with the deceased Uses &amp; Gratifications: choosing to write on deceased users&amp;#x2019; FB walls gratifies specific needs of the grievers **Like cont bond theory predicts, there seems to be a &amp;#x201C;continued&amp;#x201D; relationship after death, but a changed one because there is more complexity and intimacy Formality - more post (reverence?) More periods &amp; commas Less exclamation points Less swears * Talk about the different/interesting results for chronic illness
  6. Talk about what this means when we reference the theories&amp;#x2026;