The utilization of ultrasonic wave for disaster

1. 5th
Annual International Workshop & Expo on Sumatra Tsunami Disaster & Recovery 2010
The Utilization of Ultrasonic Wave Modulated
by Gamma Ray ( )γ for Detecting Victims
Through Carbon-14 ( )14−C from inside as
Navigational Aids in Evacuation of Disaster
Victims
Dr.-Ing.Ikhwansyah Isranuri and Umar Sidik,ST
Research Center for Noise/Vibration Control, University of Sumatera Utara
Jl. Tri Dharma, Gedung Magister Teknik Mesin, Medan 20155, Indonesia
Email: isranuri@yahoo.com – umar.sidik@engineer.com
In the principle that evacuation of inhabitant is an
inhabitant transference from dangerous area like tsunami
disaster, flood, conflagration and landslide to safety zone of
the disaster. The result of the evacuation of inhabitant will be
optial if be done by evacuation functionary that have good
physical and mental along with modern equipments of
evacuation. The evacuation functionary which have good
physical and mental can be obtained from earthling, whereas
the modern equipments of evacuation ccan be obtained from
development of science and technology in science institution
at Indonesia and other land. Research Center for Noise and
Vibration Control or can also be called as N/VCRC has a
topic of research that relate to equipments of evacuation,
that is “The utilization of ultrasonic wave modulated by
gamma ray ( )γ for detecting victims through carbon-14
( )14−C from inside as navigational aids in evacuation of
disaster victims”. The ultilization of ultrasonic wave has
restrictiveness to the material, that is ultrasonic wave will be
rebound if hit material based on its specific acoustic
impedance. The restrictiveness of ultrasonic wave can be
optimal if the ultrasonic wave has an ability to penetrate the
solid substance, so it can be used for closed like subterranean
and fallen buildings. The ability of ultrasonic wave to
penetrate the solid substance can be obtained by modulation
of ultrasonic wave and gamma ray. The modulation and
demodulation of ultrasonic and gamma ray will produce a
wave which still have ultrasonic characteristic and eve have
characteristic of gamma ray. The ultrasonic characteristic of
modulated wave will interact with carbon-14 ( )14−C
contained inside of human.
I. THE PROBLEM BACKGROUND
In the principle that evacuation o inhabitant is an
inhabitant transference from dangerous area like tsunami
disaster, flood, onflagration and landslide to safety one of
the disaster. The result of the evacuation of inhabitant will
be optimal if be done by evacuation functionary that have
good physical and mental along with modern equipments
of evacuation. The evacuation functionary with good
physical and mental will be have view and attitude base
upon standard of fieldwork, whereas the modern
equipments of evacuation will help the evacuation
functionary and the modern equipments of evacuation will
help the evacuation functionary and the modern
equipments of evacuation more directed more directed and
maximal. The evacuation functionary and the modern
equipments of evacuation commonly form a optimum
system of evacuation. The optimum system of evacuation
is very needed by each of countries in the world for
reducing the impacts of disaster happening on human of
the country and even more for countries in which have
high intensity of disaster.
Indonesia is now one of the biggest population in the
world. Indonesia is located beetwen the two continents,
that are Asian continent and Australia continent along
with two oceans, that are Indies ocean and Pacific ocean.
The national territory of Indonesia is usually very
susceptible for disaster, like eruption of Kelud volcano in
East Java at 1966 that caused death by of humans or
eruption of Merapi volcano in Middle Java at 1994 that
caused death by 57 of humans along woth tsunami disaster
in Aceh that caused death by 210.000 of humans. The
total of amount for deaths which had happened can be
minimized by made a success of optimum system of
evacuation. The optimum system of evacuation will have
transferred humans from dangerous area to safety zone of
the disaster.
In the principle that implement of optimally evacuation
can be obtained by evacuation functionary which have
good physical and mental and supported by the modern
equipments of evacuation. The evacuation functionary
which have good physical and mental can be obtained
from earthling, whereas the modern equipments of
evacuation can be obtained from development of science
and technology in science institution at Indonesia and
other land. The development of science and technology in
science institution can be implemented if supported by
governments and peoples of the world, that are moral and
material support. The result of development of science and
technology in science institution will be optimal if be done
commony by technological transfer inter-science
institution. To implement the development of science and
technology inter-science institution is needed a

2. 5th
Annual International Workshop & Expo on Sumatra Tsunami Disaster & Recovery 2010
cooperation in science and technology, either a bilateral
cooperation or multilateral cooperation.
Research Center for Noise and Vibration Control is a
sciene institution in University of Sumatera Utara (USU)
that keep doing research on noise and vibration field that
are infrasonic, audiosonic and ultrasonic for advance in
technology and prosperity of peoples. Research Center for
Noise and Vibration Control or can also be called as
N/VCRC has a topic of research that relate to equipments
of evacuation, that is “The utilization of ultrasonic wave
modulated by gamma ray ( )γ for detecting vitims
through carbon-14 ( )14−C from inside as navigational
aids in evacuation of disaster victims” like seen figure 1 in
this below. The utilization of ultrasonic wave has been
done for along time ago, that are like a sonar which can
measures the deepness of sea based on reflection-factor
from mechanical wave or an ultrasonography which can
diagnosed inside of object structure based on picture
element in dimension by ultrasonic wave. The utilization
of ultrasonic wave has restrictiveness to the material, that
is ultrasonic wave will be rebounded if hit a material
based on its specific acoustic impedance.
The restrictiveness of ultrasonic wave can be optimal if
the ultrasonic wave has an ability to penetrate the solid
substance like seen in figure 1 this below, so it can be
used for closed are like subterranean and fallen buildings.
The ability of ultrasonic wave to penetrate the solid
substance can be obtained by modulation of ultrasonic
wave and gamma ray. The ultrasonic characteristic of
modulated wave will interact with carbon-14 ( )14−C
contained inside of human. To implement the modulation
of ultrasonic wave and gamma ray will be needed a
electronics system which able to convert gamma ray to be
a carriers wave and ultrasonic wave to be an information
wave then made them one to be a modulated wave which
still have ultrasonic characteristic and gamma ray
characteristic.
Fig. 1. Sketch diagram of victims detector.
In the principle the ultrasonic wave is a mechanical
wave which have frequency above of human hearing
threshold, that is 20,000 Hz. The ultrasonic wave can be
obtained by either mechanical methods, like tunning forks
and Galton whistles, or electrical methods like
magnetostriction and crystal transducer. The electrical
methods are most commonly simple methods used to
obtain high frequency ultrasonic wave. The
magnetostriction is used to obtain ultrasonic wave by
approximately 30 kHz, whereas crystal transducer is used
to obtain ultrasonic wave above 30 kHz until 15 MHz, but
the crystal transducer can be configured commonly with
microcontroller to obtain ultrasonic wave above 15 MHz
until 10 GHz, if the ultrasonic wave is modulated with
gamma ray so it will produce a wave which have
ultrasonic characteristic and gamma ray characteristic like
seen figure 2 in this below.
Fig. 2. Processing of modulation for the ultrasonic wave and gamma ray.
In principle the ultrasonic wave is a mechanical wave
which have frequency above of human hearing threshold,
that is 20,000 Hz. The ultrasonic wave can be obtained by
either mechanical methods, like tunning forks and Galton
whistles, or electrical methods like magnetostriction and
crystal transducer. The electrical methods are most
commonly simple methods used to obtain high frequency
ultrasonic wave. The magnetostriction is used to obtain
ultrasonic wave by approximately 30 kHz, whereas crystal
transducer is used to obtain ultrasonic wave above 30 kHz
until 15 MHz, but the crystal transducer can be configured
commonly with microcontroller to obtain ultrasonic wave
above 15 MHz until 10 GHz, if the ultrasonic wave is
modulated with gamma ray so it will produce a wave
which have ultrasonic characteristic and gamma ray
characteristic like seen figure 3 in this below.
The gamma ray is a form of energy from
electromagnetic radiation which produced by radio
activity or nulear process and other sub-atomic like
crushing of electron-positron. The gamma ray contains
foton with frequency above 1,019 Hz and the gamma ray
is neither electron or neutron, so it an not be simply
stopped by paper or air and solid substance. The gamma
ray will deliver ultrasonic wave with certain frequency to
go through subterranean and fallen buildings, so the
ultrasonic wave can hit the carbon-14 ( )14−C which
contained inside of human. The ultrasonic wave with

3. 5th
Annual International Workshop & Expo on Sumatra Tsunami Disaster & Recovery 2010
certain frequency which have been hitted the carbon-14
( )14−C will rebound to source based on its angle of
deviation. The ultrasonic which have been rebounded can
be processed to be an information about existence of
victims in subterranean and fallen buildings like seen
figure 3 in this below.
Fig. 3. Processing of information from the ultrasonic wave rebounded by
carbon-14 ( )14−C .
II. THE PROBLEM FORMULATION
There are some methods that can be implemented to
obtain ultrasonic wave for detecting victims based upon
carbon-14 ( )14−C parameter which contained inside of
human. The methods are mechanical methods and
electrical methods. The crystal method is one of electrical
method which can be used to obtain ultrasonic wave. The
ultrasonic wave with certain frequency produced by the
crystal methods can penetrate solid substance until hit
carbon-14 ( )14−C inside of human if the ultrasonic
wave is modulated with gamma ray and form a victims
detector as navigational aids in evacuation of disaster
victims yet, how shall a system of victims detector that
most appropriate to be implemented as navigational aids
in evacuation of disaster victims?
III. THE LIMIT OF PROBLEM
To make victims detector as navigational aids
evacuation of disaster victims.
IV. THE RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
There are some objectives of research as the following:
1) Obtaining a victims detector by using ultrasonic
wave that be modulated with gamma ray ( )γ .
2) To implement one of electrical methods to obtain
ultrasonic wave, that is crystal transducer
methods configured by microcontroller system.
3) To implement carbon-14 ( )14−C as a
parameter for victims detector.
4) To implement Human Computer Interaction
(HCI) on system of evacuation for disaster.
5) To implement assembly language programming
on system of evacuation for disaster.
6) To implement ultrasonic wave and gamma ray
( )γ on system of evacuation for disaster.
V. THE RESULT EXPECTED
The victims detector which can be used as navigational
aids in evacuation of disaster victims.
VI. THE RESEARCH BENEFIT
There are some benefits of research as the following:
1) To help evacuation functionary and other to
evacuating by more directed and effectively.
2) To eliminate the disaster victims that be death
cause of can not be detected subterranean and
fallen buildings.
VII. THE PROPOSAL OF PROBLEM SOLUTIONS
In the principle this research can be effectively
implemented if be commonly done by technological
transfer inter-science institution. The technological
transfer can be implemented if researchers are given
opportunity to do research in science institution which
have the ultrasonic and gamma ray testing along with
carbon-14 ( )14−C testing instrument.
VIII. THE EQUIPMENT NEEDED
There are some equipments needed in this research as
the following:
1) A set of ultrasonic testing instrument.
2) A set of gamma ray testing instrument.
3) A set of carbon-14 ( )14−C testing
instrument.
4) A set of microcontroller instrument.
5) A set of digital electronics instrument.
IX. THE METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH
IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation of research containts 5 (five)
stages, that are:
1) Literature study
the literature study is be done to obtain
references that support designing and
implementation. The references can be
obtained by 3 (three) of source, that are:
a. Source of libraries.
The literature study by source of libraries cover
books and journals finding.
b. Source of internet.
The literature study by source of internet over
articles and e-books finding.

4. 5th
Annual International Workshop & Expo on Sumatra Tsunami Disaster & Recovery 2010
c. Source of industries.
The literature study by source of industry cover
informations finding in industries that relevant
to ultrasonic wave, gamma ray ( )γ and
carbon-14 ( )14−C .
2) Designing
The designing will be done after the literature
study. The designing will be done by 2 (two)
stage, that are:
a. To compile an algorithm.
The first stage of designing is compiling an
algorithm, that is systematically procedure
finding to do research.
b. Simulation.
The second stage of designing is simulation,
that is dynamical state examination by using
artificial model likes of truthfully state.
3) Implementation
Implementation will be done to know about
the achievement of designing.
4) Testing
The testing will be done to know about the
achievement of designing and implementation.
The testing will be done by 3 (three) ways, that
are:
a. Functional testing.
The functional testing will be done to know
about the working of victims detector. The
functional testing covers testing of victims
detector ability to transmit the modulated wave
to the human and acceptability of the
modulated wae to be processed.
b. Victims detector accuracy testing.
The testing will be done to know about the
accuracy of victims detector to produce, to
transmit and process the modulated wave to be
an information about existence of victims in
subterranean and fallen buildings.
c. Reliability testing.
The reliability testing will be done to know
about the endurance of victims detector to its
function after be used on different disaster.
5) Analysis
The analysis will be done to know the
characteristic of victims detector which
contain of quantitatively analysis and
qualitatively analysis
X. THEORY
Carbon-14
14−Carbon or 14−C (radiocarbon) like seen in
figure this below is a radioactive carbon isotope with a
nucleus which contained six of protons and eight of
neutron. There are three of carbon isotope which naturally
happening, that are %99 of 12−C , %1 of 13−C
and in a small amount of 14−C at atmosphere. Half-life
of 14−C is 40730,5 ± years. The 14−C will be
loss through beta decay.
Fig. 4. Radioactive properties of 4−carbon .
The mass of 14−C is amu003241.14 . The carbon
dioxide will be absorbed into body and all in universe.
The human will absorb 14−C from food which derived
from plants.
Gamma Ray
Gamma radiation like figure in this below, also known
as gamma rays is electromagnetic radiation of high
frequency (very short wavelength). They are produced by
sub-atomic particle interactions such as electron-positron
annihilation, neutral pion decay, radioactive deay, fusion,
fission or inverse Compton scattering in astrophysical
process. Gamma rays typically have frequencies above
19
10 Hz, and therefore have energies above 100 keV and
wavelength less than 10 picometers, often smaller than an
atom.
Fig. 5. Radiation of alpha, beta and gamma.

5. 5th
Annual International Workshop & Expo on Sumatra Tsunami Disaster & Recovery 2010
X. ANALYSIS
Analysis for modulation and demodulation are be done
by using Fourier series. The Fourier series equation is:
( )dttf
T
a
T
o ∫=
0
2
( ) dt
T
tn
tf
T
a
T
n ∫=
0
2
cos
2 π
( )∫=
T
n dt
T
tn
tf
T
b
0
2
sin
2 π
( ) ∑=






++=
~
1
0 2sin2cos
2 n
nn
T
tn
b
T
tn
a
a
tf
ππ
Which the equaivalent of the wave is like seen in figure
this below.
Fig. 6. Modulated wave from detector.
The gamma radiation will let drive the
−
β like seen
figure this below.
Fig. 7. Gamma ray radiation which bring out the ultrasonic wave.
The gamma radiation will interact with proton to bring
out the ultrasonic wave for detect 4−c like seen this
below.
Fig. 8. The gamma ray interaction.
REFERENCES
[1] K. Milton, “Handbook For Electronics Engineering Technicians,”
McGraw-Hill. United State of America, 1984.
[2] C. Benson, “Ultrasonics,” McGraw-Hill. United State of America,
1960.
[3] M. Warren, “Physical Acoustic,” Academic Press, Inc. London,
1964.
[4] B.L Theraja, “Basic Electronis,” S. CHAND & COMPANY LTD.
New Delhi, 2008.
[5] J. Urick Robert, “Principles of Underwater Sound,” McGraw-Hill.
United State of America, 1983.
[6] D. Rossing Thomas, “The Science of Sound,” Addison Wesley
Company, Inc. United State of America, 1983.
[7] T. Roger, “Digital Electronics: Principles & Application,” McGraw-
Hill. United State of America, 2008.

6. 5th
Annual International Workshop & Expo on Sumatra Tsunami Disaster & Recovery 2010
[8] G. Iwan, “Buku Pintar: Seri Senior,” Pustaka Warga Negara. Jakarta,
2006.
[9] H. David, “Fisika: Edisi ke-3 Jilid I,” Erlangga. Jakarta, 1985.
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray.html
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_particle.html .