1. MOTIVATION

2. Motivation
The willingness to exert efforts towards
organisational objectives, conditioned by the effort’s
ability to fulfill personal needs

3. What is the importance of motivation in
organisations???

4. Theories of Motivation
Content theories: what workers want
Process theories: how managers can use
the knowledge

5. Content theories
 Maslow’s need hierarchy theory
1. Physiological
2. Safety
3. Social
4. Esteem
5. Self-actualisation

6. Evaluation
Departure from economic theories
Changing motivations overtime
Motivation as a constantly changing force
Hierarchy does not exist. All needs are present all
the time
Hierarchy may not be same in all countries
Many people stay content with lower order needs

7. Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
Motivating factors: achievement, recognition,
responsibility, growth
Hygiene factors: company policy, administration,
salary, work conditions, security, inter-personal
relations

8. Satisfaction---------------No satisfaction
No Dissatisfaction------------------Dissatisfaction

9. ERG Theory
Proposed by Aldelfer
Three needs:



Existence
Relatedness
Growth

10. McClelland’s Theory of Need
nAchievement
nPower
nAffiliation

11. Process Theories
Expectancy theory
Equity Theory
Goal Setting Theory

12. Expectancy Theory
Effort—Performance
Performance---outcome
Outcome– personal goals

13. Theory X and Theory Y
Proposed by McGregor

14. Applications
MBO
Job enrichment
Flexitime
Flexibenefits
Rewards-monetary, non monetary
Telecommuting