LEED Design for Buildings and Communities with an Emphasis on Energy Conservation

LEED Design for Buildings and
Communities with an Emphasis
on Energy Conservation
Melek Yalcintas, Ph.D., P.E., LEED-AP, CxA
AMEL Technologies, Inc
Manoa Innovation Center
2800 Woodlawn Drive, Suite 251
Honolulu, HI 96822
Phone: 808-988-0200
E-mail: melek@ameltech.com
www.ameltech.com

CEE691/EE693K Seminar in Renewable Energy and Island Sustainability (REIS),
Honolulu, HI, November 19, 2009

Overview
OVERVIEW WHAT IS LEED? LEED EB O&M CASE STUDY ENERGY EFFICIENCY + CONSERVATION

• LEED Overview
- Why is it Important?
- LEED Framework
• LEED EB O&M: Case Study
• Importance of Energy Efficiency &
Energy Conservation: Case Studies

What is LEED?

• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
• Developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
• The most recognized and widely used certification program for
sustainable buildings.

• Mission: To transform the way buildings and
communities are designed, built and
operated, enabling an environmentally and
socially responsible, healthy, and
prosperous environment that improves the
quality of life.

What is LEED?

• A program that awards points to a
project for green development and
construction features.

• Based on the number of credits
achieved for each category, the project
is then awarded a level of certification
ranging from Certified, Silver, Gold, and
Platinum

Why is LEED Important?

• Creates jobs
• Bring communities together
• Looks, feels, and operates great
• Live, work, and play in living buildings
• Improve the quality of life
• Reduces the impact of buildings on the earth

LEED Framework

LEED provides building owners and operators a concise
framework for:
- Green Building Design
- Construction
- Operations and Maintenance

How it Works

Different rating systems for different types of projects:

How it Works

6 Point Categories:

•Sustainable Sites
•Water Efficiency
•Energy & Atmosphere
•Materials and Resources
•Indoor Environmental Quality
•Innovation in Design

What is LEED EB O&M?

Rating system for existing commercial and institutional
buildings, especially offices buildings, with at least 50%
occupancy for 12 consecutive months

Maximize operational efficiency, minimize environmental
impacts

Addresses whole-building cleaning and maintenance,
recycling, exterior maintenance, systems upgrades,
resource conservation

LEED EB O&M vs LEED NC and CI

EB O&M NC and CI

•On-going process •One-time event
•Life of building •Design and construction
•Operating budgets •Capital budgets
•Performance based •Simulations and
projections

LEED EB O&M Categories

Stormwater management, heat island
Sustainable Sites effect, transportation, light pollution, pest
and landscape management

Potable water conservation - irrigation,
Water Efficiency cooling towers, indoor plumbing fixtures

Energy conservation, on-site renewable
Energy & Atmosphere energy generation, report emissions,
refrigerant management

Sustainable purchasing, waste management
Materials and Resources through recycling and reuse

Provide adequate ventilation, institute green
custodial policies and cleaning practices,
Indoor Environmental provide comfort controls, daylight and views
Quality
Exemplary performance, innovative
methods, encourage tracking cost of
sustainable building operations
Innovation in Operations

Nature Conservancy of Hawa`i

SUSTAINABLE SITES

SUSTAINABLE SITES

SS C4

SS C5

SS C7.2

WATER EFFICIENCY

ENERGY & ATMOSPHERE

MATERIALS & RESOURCES

INDOOR ENVIROMENTAL QUALITY

Sky Lights Provide Daylighting

INNOVATION IN OPERATIONS

Mug Wall

Operational Milestones

http://www.nature.org/initiatives/climatechange/calculator/

Timeline – Maintenance
12 2008
2005 photovoltaic system installed
BUILDING ACQUIRED BY TNC roofing installed

04 2008 06 2009
02 2007 HVAC retrofit EnergyStar ™
energy audit (PHASE 1) AWARD

1916 2007 10 2008 07 2009
BUILDING CONSTRUCTED RENOVATION BEGINS lighting retrofit LEED
plumbing retrofit (COMPLETED 5/2009) Silver
AWARD
interior finishes

08 2007 03 2009
RACU feasibility study HVAC retrofit
(PHASE 2)

Energy Efficiency & Conservation

• Energy Efficiency: A Great Resource

• Energy Efficiency Improvement by Building Industry:
Case Studies from Hawaii

• Integrated Energy Efficiency with Renewable Energies

Energy Efficiency by End-Sector

• Transportation Sector: 20%

• Electric Power Sector: 30%

• Overall Energy Efficiency: 35%

• This means 65% energy is released to atmosphere
in the form of heat!

• Pollutants released to atmosphere!

• Energy efficiency is long delayed solution to energy
sustainability and global warming

Building Sector Energy Usage

• Commercial and Residential Buildings Use
– 65% of total U.S. electricity consumption,
– 39% of total primary energy use

• Main Electricity Consumption:
– HVAC
– lighting,
– computers,
– household appliances,
– other equipment.

• 40% - 50% electricity usage for HVAC alone.

Examples of Energy Conservation

Case Study 1: Energy Management Systems in Hotel
Guestrooms

The Hotel: Located in Waikiki

Guestrooms

Retrofit Project:
• Install Energy Management
Systems in Guestroom
• Install Variable Frequency Drives
(VFDs) on Air Handling Units.

Comparison of Energy Usage

Before & After Retrofit

2/6/03 2/8/03 2/10/03 2/12/03 2/14/03 2/16/03 2/18/03
Post-retrofit
800

700
Power (kWh)

600

500

400

300 Pre-retrofit
Post Retrofit
200
12/10/02 12/15/02 12/20/02 12/25/02 12/30/02 1/4/03
Pre-retrofit

Demand Savings: Energy Saved: Payback Period:
151 kW 28% 4.3 years


Case Study 2: Replacement of Existing Cooling
Towers in a Hotel

Hotel building has 520 guest rooms

Retrofit Project:
• Install Two New Cooling Towers

Power Usage Comparision

12-Apr-07 14-Apr-07 16-Apr-07 18-Apr-07 20-Apr-07 22-Apr-07
70
post retrofit
60

50
Power (kWh)

40

30

20
Pre-retrofit
10
Post-retrofit
-
4-Mar-06 8-Mar-06 12-Mar-06 16-Mar-06 20-Mar-06 24-Mar-06

Pre-retrofit

Demand Savings: Energy Saved: Payback Period:
27 kW 61% 7.2 years


Case Study 3: Manufacturing Facility Lighting Retrofits

Demand Savings:
75 kW

Energy Saved:
61%

Payback Period:
Less than one year

Retrofit Project:

• Remove existing 316 metal halide lighting fixtures and
install 299 of 4L-T5HO new lighting fixtures with new ballasts


Case Study 4: The Nature Conservancy

• HVAC Retrofits

• Lighting Retrofits

• Low Flow Plumbing
Fixtures

• PV Installation:
12.5 kW Capacity

• 13,000 sq.ft. Downtown Historic Office Building
• First Building in Hawaii to Earn LEED EB-OM Silver Certificate

HVAC Power Usage Consumption

21-Feb-09 26-Feb-09 3-Mar-09 8-Mar-09 13-Mar-09 18-Mar-09 23-Mar-09 28-Mar-09
60
Pre-retrofit
Post-retrofit
50

40
Power (kWh)

30

20

10

0
23-Jun-07 27-Jun-07 1-Jul-07 5-Jul-07 9-Jul-07 13-Jul-07 17-Jul-07 21-Jul-07 25-Jul-07 29-Jul-07

55% Decrease in AC Power Demand

HVAC Power Usage Consumption


• New HVAC Equipment Installed
April 08

• Lighting Retrofit Started
October 08, Finished (Almost)
May 09

• Low Flow Plumbing Fixtures
Installed September 08

• 12.5 kW PV Installed December
08

2007 Average Monthly Electricity Use: 17,280 kWh/month
2008 Average Monthly Electricity Use: 13,080 kWh/month
2009 through April Average Monthly Electricity Use: 9,880 kWh/month
12.5 kW PV system Average Monthly Power Generated 1,440 kWh/month

Comparison of energy savings and cost of retrofitting
vs installing PV systems

Power Power Energy Saving Retrofit Cost PV Cost Payback Payback
Power Demand After Demand (%) ($) without period for period after
Demand Retrofit (kW) Savings (kW) Federal and Retrofitting deducting
Before State (Yrs)* Federal and
Retrofit (kW) incentives ($) State
incentives
(yrs)*

Case Study 1 539 388 151 28 1,125,000 7,250,000 4.3 17.3
Case Study 2 44 17 27 61 340,000 1,300,000 7.2 9.6
Case Study 3 145 70 75 51 90,000 2,020,000 <1 20

Case Study 4 47 27 20 43 140,000 90,000 8
*ROI Includes Building Equipment Retrofit Only, PV is by PPI (Power Purchase Agreement)

*Calculations are based on a $10 per Watt installation cost of PV and $0.20 per kWh of electricity, which are the
average costs in Honolulu, Hawaii since 2006.

CONCLUSIONS

• LEED is the future of the building industry.
“It may be called green building now,
but it’s just the right way to build”

• Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency
- are keys for sustainability
- can reduce global warming and air pollution
- offers the quickest implementation and best
payback.

• Renewable energy should be considered only after
implementing all energy conservation measures in
buildings.

Thank You

Melek Yalcintas, Ph.D., P.E., LEED-AP, CxA
AMEL Technologies, Inc
Manoa Innovation Center
2800 Woodlawn Drive, Suite 251
Honolulu, HI 96822
Phone: 808-988-0200
E-mail: melek@ameltech.com
www.ameltech.com

CEE691/EE693K Seminar in Renewable Energy and Island Sustainability
(REIS),
Honolulu, HI, November 19, 2009

LEED Design for Buildings and Communities with an Emphasis on Energy Conservation

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LEED Design for Buildings and Communities with an Emphasis on Energy Conservation