The document discusses efforts by Hawaiian Electric Companies to manage increasing levels of distributed renewable generation such as rooftop solar PV. It outlines monitoring of solar resources and circuit loads, modeling impacts on the distribution system, and developing visualization tools for planning and operations. Field monitoring and data are being used to validate models and inform operators about high penetration areas. The focus is on resource and circuit monitoring, distribution modeling, planning and operational visualization tools, and strategies to mitigate solar ramping impacts.

1. Keeping an Operational
Eye on Wind and Solar
Presentation for REIS Seminar
at the University of Hawaii
September 2, 2010

2. Topic
• What is being done to manage
renewable distributed
generation?
2

4. Overview
• “Behind-the-meter” PV statistics for
the islands
4

5. Hawaiian Islands
PV Penetration Overview
HELCO MECO HECO
As of August
2010 Big
Maui Molokai Lanai Oahu
Island
Installed/Pre-
Approved PV 17,259 9,032 535 2,053 21,578
(kW)
2009 Peak
Load 195 200 5.9 4.7 1200
(MW)
Island PV
Penetration 8.9% 4.5% 9.1% 44% 1.8%
(%)

6. HECO High Penetration
Distribution Circuits
Source: HECO
As of August 2010
6

7. MECO DG Status
Source: MECO
As of August 2010
7

8. HELCO High Penetration
Distribution Circuits
Source: HELCO
As of August 2010

9. Locational Value Maps (LVM)
of High Penetration Circuits
Standardized, web-
accessible LVM created
for HECO/MECO/HELCO
to visually track circuit
Oahu
penetrations. Informs
developers of high
penetration locations
which may require study.
Internally, automatic links
from GIS, CIS, T&D
infrastructure details are
being tested. Future links
to other database layers
including outage mgt,
asset mgt. DSM & UFLS
circuits
•Areas with highest PV
penetration on Oahu:
– Millilani and
Honolulu: Due to 9
customer PV

10. • Areas with highest PV
penetration in Maui County:
– Wailuku/Kahului, Maui:
Maui
Due to large PV projects
– Kaunakakai, Molokai:
Due to combination of
small circuit loads and
interconnected
commercial PV systems
– Manele, Lanai: Due to
Lanai Sustainability
Research (LSR) 1.2 MW
facility
Molokai
Lanai

11. • Areas with highest
PV penetration on
Big Island:
– Kona Coast: Due
to large
commercial PV
systems
– Hilo: Due to
combination of
small circuit loads
and
interconnected
commercial PV
systems
– Waimea/Honokaa/
Volcano: Due to
small circuit loads
and DG PV
systems
Big Island of
Hawaii

12. Common Pathways Forward
Hawaiian Electric Companies
What will we need to successfully operate in 2030?
Field Monitoring
Field Monitoring Integrated Sys.
Integrated Sys. Increase DR
Increase DR
2010 & Validation
& Validation Modeling
Modeling Visibility on Sys.
Visibility on Sys.
Today
Renewable
Renewable Increase system
Increase system
Use appropriate
Use appropriate
resource
resource operators real time
operators real time
renewable resource
renewable resource
characterization visibility of resources
visibility of resources
characterization gen/trans/DG models
gen/trans/DG models
and monitoring and distribution system
and distribution system
and monitoring
(e.g. sensors, PMU)
(e.g. sensors, PMU)
Distributed resource
Distributed resource Capture DG impacts
Capture DG impacts
penetration
penetration in system planning Add “aggregated” DG
Add “aggregated” DG
in system planning
monitoring and
monitoring and and operations resource visibility to
resource visibility to
and operations
management system operations
system operations
management
(location, trends, etc)
(location, trends, etc)
Implement variability
Implement variability Develop and
Develop and
management tools
management tools implement Wind and
implement Wind and
(e.g. enhanced thermal
(e.g. enhanced thermal Solar ramp
Solar ramp
unit capability, load
unit capability, load forecasting tool
forecasting tool
management, storage,
management, storage,
smart grid, etc.))
smart grid, etc.
2030 Increase com system
Increase com system
bandwidth and
bandwidth and
Future visualization capability
visualization capability
Funded/Initiated 12
Have Not Initiated

13. Focus of Efforts
• Resource and Circuit Load Monitoring
• Distribution Circuit Modeling and Analysis
• Planning & Operational Visualization Tools
• Ramping Mitigation Strategies
– Smart Load Shedding Schemes
– DG Inverter communications/control
• Policy Decisions to manage renewable DG
growth
13

14. Focus of Efforts
• Resource and Circuit Load Monitoring
• Distribution Circuit Modeling and Analysis
• Planning & Operational Visualization Tools
14

15. HiP-PV Field Monitoring
• Substation deployment of low cost TJD-1 pyranometer system for high
resolution, time synchronized solar resource monitoring (1sec) and data for
modeling at 12 kV substations
• Deployed at high-penetration circuits to assess PV impacts
• Promotes active participation by substation and field personnel
15

16. HiP-PV Field Monitoring
16

17. Local Solar Potential Monitors
(LM-1)
• Mounted on com. tower leg; directly wired into RTU
• Less than 8-bit data transfer at 1 sec refresh
• All panels with same tilt axis facing SE
17

18. Operation Planning Predictive
Visualization & Data Monitoring
Ability to anticipate production on the system by linking solar resource
information with installed capacity around the island

19. Focus of Efforts
• Resource and Circuit Load Monitoring
• Distribution Circuit Modeling and Analysis
• Planning & Operational Visualization Tools
19

20. Distribution Circuit Modeling
and Analysis
• Model distribution system (12kV, 46kV)
• Study the effects of high penetration PV on
the circuit and system level
• Develop scenario/result database
• Validate model with measured data
• Suggested solutions
20

21. Focus of Efforts
• Resource and Circuit Load Monitoring
• Distribution Circuit Modeling and Analysis
• Planning & Operational Visualization Tools
21

22. Automated Visualization
Tools
1% < PV ≤ 5%
5% < PV% ≤ 10%
10% < PV% < 15%
PV ≥ 15%
22

23. Automated Visualization
Tools
1% < PV ≤ 5%
5% < PV% ≤ 10%
10% < PV% < 15%
PV ≥ 15%
23

24. Automated Visualization
Tools
1% < PV ≤ 5%
5% < PV% ≤ 10%
10% < PV% < 15%
PV ≥ 15%
24

25. Automated Visualization
Tools
1% < PV ≤ 5%
5% < PV% ≤ 10%
10% < PV% < 15%
PV ≥ 15%
25

26. Visualization Tools
• Planning
• Operations
26

27. Planning Visualization Tool
– Distribution Modeling/Analysis
– Scenario-based Conditions
– Validation with Measured Data
– Suggested Solutions
27

28. Operational Visualization Tool
– DG Penetration Levels
– Resource Map
– Circuit Load Map
– Communications Map
– Provide Alert Flags
• Planning Visualization Tool
• Operator Experience
28

29. Sites Visited
H.U.I. WindNET
• Deployment of remote
sensing devices (sodar) on
Big Island for wind ramp rate
forecasting pilot
• Leverage collaborations
with CA, OR, HI utilities to
operationalize an early
warning capability for
operators
• One of the first
deployments in the nation for
purposes of ramp forecasting
for utility applications
29

30. Questions/Comments??
Mahalo
Family of HEI Utilities
HECO MECO HELCO
30

31. What is the Right Mix?
Evening
Solar PV driving
peak
down day peak
remains
load
Solar Potential Period
Time of Day

32. Actual Solar Sub-hourly Trends
Industrial Solar PV Project
Output (kW)
32
Time of Day
Source: HELCO

33. PV Cluster and Aggregated Models
• Characterize discrete and aggregated
circuit load profiles at 12 kV
substation (residential, industrial,
12kV
Substation commercial)
L • Use reference LM-1 sensors to
L L estimate solar resource output at
location
• Be able to project solar resource
L potential and circuit loading to
L account for behind-the-meter
generation
L
Engage field personnel
L Monitoring
LM-1: shows 30% Gain experience
Installed PV: 300 kW
Customer sites
L Total Load: 1.5 MW Validation Employee Volunteers
Effective Gen: 100kW
Parameterization of
Integration ramp rates over
various time intervals
and locations

34. Hi-Penetration PV Initiative
(HiP PV)
• SMUD/HECO HiP-PV – (2010-2012)
– Deploy monitoring devices, assess/validate impact of high
penetration circuits and integrate results into T&D models
– Investigate solar forecasting & graphics-based visualization
tools (pyranometers, sky imager, field data to EMS interface)
– Scenario-based modeling impact of high penetration PV on
select distribution circuits (HECO/HELCO/MECO)
• Industry Partnerships
– SMUD, SunPower, BEW Engineering, AREVA, Siemens,
Schweitzer, SunPower for Schools, WECC Utilities, HNEI,
AWS Truewind, EPRI
34