5. Mobile v. Babies
Luke Wroblewski
“Why Mobile Matters”
February 2012
“1.27M mobile devices sold or
activated per day compared to
371,124 children born”
http://www.lukew.com/ff/entry.asp?1506
5
6. Responsive Web Design
• Coined by Ethan Marcotte
http://www.alistapart.com/articles/responsive-web-design
• Three Parts:
1. CSS3 media queries
2. Fluid or flexible layouts
3. Flexible images
• Device Independence: Users viewing your site on a
broad range of devices will be accessing the same
content
6
8. Media Queries
• CSS2 introduced the concept of media queries
• HTML files with separate stylesheets for screen and
print
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" href="screen.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" href="print.css">
• CSS stylesheets
@media screen {
* { font-family: sans-serif }
}
8
9. Media Queries
• CSS3: W3C extended the functionality of media queries
• Check for particular media features like width, height, and color
• Tailor styles to a specific range of devices without changing the
content itself
• Implemented via the @import rule in CSS
@import url(style480min.css) screen and (min-width: 480px);
• Used in the HTML <link> media attribute
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen and (min-width: 480px)"
href="style480min.css" />
9
10. Media Queries
• Or most commonly used directly in a style sheet
(from Zen responsive-sidebars.css):
@media all and (min-width: 480px) {
#main {
padding-top: 3em;
position: relative;
}
#navigation {
position: absolute;
top: 0;
height: 3em;
width: 100%;
}
}
10
11. Fluid or Flexible Layouts
• Before responsive web design: Fixed, fluid, elastic?
Fixed: Fluid: Elastic:
#container { #container { #container {
width: 400px; width: 40%; width: 25em;
} } }
Adjusts to Size elements
Control and user’s screen with ems (relative
consistency resolution unit based on font
size)
11
13. Flexible Images and Media
• Scaling images and video in CSS is straightforward
by setting the max-width to 100%.
img {
max-width: 100%;
}
• Performance considerations: May be taking up
bandwidth to serve a high-resolution image to a
device that isn’t using it
http://blog.cloudfour.com/responsive-imgs/
13
14. Responsive Base Themes
• Zen 5
http://drupal.org/project/zen
• Adaptive Theme
http://drupal.org/project/adaptivetheme
• Omega
http://drupal.org/project/omega
14
15. Why Zen 5?
• Terrific documentation
• Clean organization
• Best practices (http://drupal.org/project/zen)
HTML5 Optional IE6/7 Support
HTML shiv Documentation
Responsive Design Swappable Layouts
Sass/Compass Drush Support
CSS RTL Language Support
Zen Grids Accessibility
Normalize CSS
Respond.js
IE Conditional Classes
15
16. CSS Preprocessing
• Sounds more complicated than it is
• “I already know CSS; no time to learn something new”
• Easy to get started
• Just an extension of CSS – use as much or as little as desired
• Sass (http://sass-lang.com) or Less (http://lesscss.org)
• Allow you to write cleaner and easier-to-read code
• Run through CSS preprocessor – transforms into typical CSS
• Can just write css, so easy to "sassify” or “lessify” existing CSS files
• Live websites are running CSS (compiled by Sass)
16
17. Sass
• “Syntactically awesome style sheets”
• Getting started:
• http://sass-lang.com/tutorial.html
• http://thesassway.com/beginner/getting-started-with-sass-and-
compass
• Written in Ruby; installed via Ruby package
manager; don’t need to learn Ruby to use
17
18. Sass
• Mac OS X: Ruby already installed! (update if
desired)
ruby --version or ruby –v
• Windows: Ruby installer (http://rubyinstaller.org/downloads/)
• Linux: Install via favorite package manager
• Install Sass:
gem install sass
18
19. Sass
• Two syntaxes
• .sass (Sass – older syntax for those who like
terseness; indentation instead of braces and
semicolons)
• .scss (Sassy CSS – default syntax of Sass 3)
• Default SCSS syntax is a superset of CSS
• Allows you to write CSS and only add SCSS when
you need it
• Every CSS file is a valid SCSS file
19
24. Compass
http://compass-style.org
• Open Source CSS Authoring Framework
• Uses Sass
• Makes things easier
• Library of functions and add-ons to do common things
• Install Compass:
gem install compass
• Using Compass (outside of Zen 5, Drupal):
compass help
Primary Commands:
* clean - Remove generated files and the sass cache
* compile - Compile Sass stylesheets to CSS
* create - Create a new compass project
* init - Add compass to an existing project
* watch - Compile Sass stylesheets to CSS when they change
24
28. Compass: Sprites
http://compass-style.org/help/tutorials/spriting
Image sprites
• Performance boost by fetching all images at once
• Difficult to create and manage
Example: Baron Wanschers, LimoenGroen (Lime Green):
http://www.bariswanschers.com/blog/use-sass-and-compass-streamline-your-css-development:
Generated CSS:
28
29. Zen 5
• Already set up to use Sass and Compass
• STARTERKIT
(see zen/STARTERKIT/README.txt)
• Copy the STARTERKIT folder, place under sites/all/themes and rename
Copy “sites/all/themes/zen/STARTERKIT”
To “sites/all/themes/foo”
• Rename “STARTERKIT.info.txt” as “foo.info” and update name and description
• In template.php and theme-settings.php: Replace ALL occurrences of
"STARTERKIT" with “foo”
• Set default theme at admin/appearance
• Or use drush:
drush zen "Foo Theme" foo
29
30. Zen 5
• Review Files
• Standard Drupal theme files
• Standard folders
• Sass-related files/folders
• Using Sass and Compass with Zen 5
From root of your sub-theme folder:
compass clean //removes existing css files so they can be regenerated
compass watch //watches the “sass” directory
//anytime a .scss file is changed, .css auto-generated
//includes debug feature for syntax errors during development
//launch compass watch and leave running (if needed, re-launch
terminal)
//can look at css generated but eventually just work with scss files
30
32. Zen 5: Production
• When ready to move to production…
See http://drupal.org/node/1548946 and zen/STARTERKIT/sass/README.txt
• Update CSS files, minify, and aggregate for
performance:
• compass clean
• edit config.rb by uncommenting “#environment = :production”
• turn on CSS aggregation
32
33. Tools
• FireSass for Firebug: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-
US/firefox/addon/firesass-for-firebug/
• ZenGrids:
http://zengrids.com
• If you don’t like the command line:
• Compass.app: http://compass.handlino.com/ (Mac, Linux, PC)
• Fire.app: http://fireapp.handlino.com/ (Mac, Linux, PC)
• Codekit: http://incident57.com/codekit/ (Mac)
33
