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@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Solving the Textbook 
Cost Crisis Through OER 
Nicole Allen (nicole@sparc.arl.org) 
Director of Open Education, SPARC 
NERCOMP | September 22, 2014 
Except where 
otherwise noted…
SPARC, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic 
Resources Coalition, is an international alliance of 
academic and research libraries working to create a 
more open system of scholarly communication. 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
www.sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
www.sparc.arl.org
while tuition and fees increased by 89 percent and overall consumer 
prices grew by 28 percent. 
Figure 1: Estimated Increases in New College Textbook Prices, College Tuition and 
Fees, and Overall Consumer Price Inflation, 2002 to 2012 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Source http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-368 
8
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
$1,207 
Average student budget for books and 
supplies for the 2013-2014 academic 
year 
Source http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/average-estimated-undergraduate-budgets- 
2013-14
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Macroeconomics (5th Edition) by Stephen D. Williamson
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Source http://www.ucsbstuff.com
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Source http://www.ucsbstuff.com
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Source http://www.studentpirgs.org/sites/student/files/reports/A-Cover-To-Cover-Solution_4.pdf
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Conventional Measures 
% Student Savings Over New Print Text 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
25% 
61% 
52% 
39% 
E-Readers 
E-Books 
Rentals 
Used Books 
http://www.studentpirgs.org/reports/cover-cover-solution
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Source http://www.coursesmart.com/macroeconomics-fifth-edition/stephen-d-williamson/ 
dp/9780132992787
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Source http://www.coursesmart.com/macroeconomics-fifth-edition/stephen-d-williamson/ 
dp/9780132992787
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Image © from http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/showbiz/heat-director-buddy-cop/
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Market Failure
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
2 in 3 
Students say they decided against 
buying a textbook because the cost is 
too high 
Source http://www.uspirg.org/reports/usp/fixing-broken-textbook-market
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
1 in 2 
Students say they have at some point 
taken fewer courses due to the cost of 
textbooks 
Source http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf
Students can’t learn 
from materials 
they can’t afford 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
We can do better. 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
OPEN 
EDUCATIONAL 
RESOURCES 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Hewlett Foundation Definition: 
“OER are teaching, learning, and 
research resources that reside in the 
public domain or are released under an 
intellectual property license that permits 
their free use and repurposing by 
others” 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Hewlett Foundation Definition: 
“OER are teaching, learning, and 
research resources that reside in the 
public domain or are released under an 
intellectual property license that permits 
their free use and repurposing by 
others” 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
1. Free 
(no cost, no barriers) 
2. Reuse Rights 
(open license or public domain)
Open Licensing 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Uses copyright to enable 
free sharing and reuse
(easy-to-use open licenses) 
www.creativecommons.org 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
most 
free 
least 
free 
Slide adapted from Cable Green http://www.slideshare.com/cgreen 
OER 
not 
OER
Retain • Make and own copies 
Reuse • Use in a wide range of ways 
Revise • Adapt, modify, and improve 
Remix • Combine two or more 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
The “5R” Permissions 
Redistribute • Share with others 
See www.opencontent.org for full definition. 
The$5Rs$
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
OpenCourseWare
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Captured from http://ocw.mit.edu/about/
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Captured from http://open.umich.edu/education/med
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Captured from http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m1/patients-pop-decision-making/ 
fall2011/materials
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Captured from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFU7fUff7PA
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
OER Repositories
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
http://cnx.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
http://www.oercommons.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Open Textbooks 
www.sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Captured from http://openstaxcollege.org/
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Open Textbook (Example) 
• Free online 
• Free PDF 
• Free ePub 
• Print $49.73 
• Instructor can adapt 
and distribute 
http://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
http://www.bkstr.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10001&categoryId=9602&langId=- 
1&productId=4000000000002535744&storeId=216405&productStoreId=216405
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
http://oregonstate.edu/ua/ncs/archives/2014/feb/osu-open-textbook-initiative-aims-reduce-student- 
costs-enhance-learning
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Open Courses 
www.sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
http://oli.cmu.edu/courses/free-open/introductory-psychology-course- 
details/
Institutional Initiatives 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
www.sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
81 Courses 
Captured from http://opencourselibrary.org/
Tidewater Community College 
is making college more affordable. 
All OER 2-Year Degree 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
www.sparc.arl.org 
The cost of college textbooks has risen 812% since 1978, more 
than the rates of inflation, health care, new home prices, and 
college tuition. 
More and more, college students are unable to afford their 
textbooks, and as many as 70% of students have reported 
avoiding buying at least one textbook for their courses. Not 
surprisingly, these students do not do as well academically. 
As of May 2013, if a TCC student purchased all of the textbooks 
required for a business administration degree, that student would 
spend $3,678.95 on new books. While used textbooks may lower 
this price, their availability is, at best, uneven. 
But the problem with printed textbooks goes beyond financial cost; textbooks “ cost” students and teachers 
in other ways as well. 
Because textbooks are frequently written for broad audiences in the hopes that they will fill the learning 
support needs and be adopted by large numbers of faculty and departments, they are filled with content 
and exercises that are superfluous to a specific course’ s learning outcomes. The cost here is in teaching 
efficiency and effectiveness. 
Fortunately a solution to both problems exists. 
Beginning in Fall 2013, TCC became the first college in the U.S. to create an Associate of Science degree 
based solely on open educational resources (OER), academically vetted and publicly licensed content. After 
a one-semester pilot project, the true measures of accomplishment are 
• student success 
• and increased instructor effectiveness. 
Early data suggest the Z-Degree will meet both goals. Z Courses experienced greater student retention and 
fewer student withdrawals. Grades were comparable with textbook-based courses. Almost 99% of students
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Funder Policies 
www.sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Source http://www.doleta.gov/taaccct/
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Source 
http://www.californiacommunitycolleges.cccco.edu/Portals/0/DocDownloads/PressReleases/SEP2013/ 
PRESS_RELEASE_CreativeCommonsBY_090913_FINAL.pdf
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Faculty Support
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Image © from http://www.teleread.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/bookstorerummage.jpg
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
100+ open textbooks 
http://open.umn.edu
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
About Lumen Learning 
Open Educational Resources represent a largely untapped opportunity to reduce costs to both institutions 
and learners, while at the same time improving student success. However, many institutional leaders are 
unsure what to do to help their institutions, faculty, and learners take full advantage of OER. 
This is where Lumen enters the picture. 
Co-founded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education technology strategist Kim Thanos, 
Lumen is dedicated to facilitating broad, successful adoption of OER. 
After years of pioneering work in open education as individuals, David and Kim collaborated on the Next 
Generation Learning Challenges grant-funded Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative in 2012 to replace 
textbooks with OER in community college classrooms. Project goals included lowering textbook costs by 
50% and improving student success rates. No one was quite prepared for the actual project outcomes, which 
resulted in moving the cost of required textbooks to $0 and improving average student success rates by over 
10% compared to student performance in the same courses offered by the same instructors in prior years. 
You can read more about the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative on the Successful Projects page. 
Adding this concrete proof to the body of evidence supporting OER, David and Kim decided to join forces to 
help more educational institutions and students realize gains like these. 
http://www.lumenlearning.org 
Lumen helps institutional leaders and faculty address the major challenges of OER adoption: 
! Finding quality content and mapping it to course learning outcomes. Lumen works with faculty 
around the country to review and aggregate the best OER from around the web, design these resources
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Source http://guides.library.umass.edu/content.php?pid=87648&sid=4778777
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Impacts 
www.sparc.arl.org
$1M student savings, and counting 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Developmental Math Results" 
Percentage passing with C or better 
48.40% 
60.18% 
Supporting Adoption 
70.00% 
60.00% 
50.00% 
40.00% 
30.00% 
20.00% 
10.00% 
0.00% 
Spring 2011 
No OER 
Spring 2013 
All OER 
n=2,842 
Adapted from slides by David Wiley available under CC BY at 
http://www.slideshare.net/opencontent 
About Lumen Learning 
Open Educational Resources represent a and learners, while at the same time improving unsure what to do to help their institutions, This is where Lumen enters the picture. 
Co-founded by open education visionary Lumen is dedicated to facilitating broad, After years of pioneering work in open education Generation Learning Challenges grant-funded textbooks with OER in community college 50% and improving student success rates. resulted in moving the cost of required textbooks 10% compared to student performance in You can read more about the Kaleidoscope Adding this concrete proof to the body of help more educational institutions and students Lumen helps institutional leaders and faculty ! Finding quality content and mapping around the country to review and aggregate into Open Courses that match general course frameworks online. This process individual or institution to download and ! Incorporating OER into academic consulting services to help institutional sense to introduce OER into courses
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Source http://pm4id.org/
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
The Medieval Lecture 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Laurentius_de_Voltolina_001.jpg 
(public domain)
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
The Modern Lecture 
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:5th_Floor_Lecture_Hall.j 
pg (CC BY-SA)
Advance our systems 
for sharing information 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
toward openness
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
What can 
you do?
What course content are faculty 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
members using? 
Can it be supplemented 
or replaced with OER?
What PD and instructional 
design services are offered? 
Can OER be part of them? 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
Where is content being created 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
on campus? 
Can it be licensed as OER?
How does your campus 
disseminate content? 
Can it support sharing OER? 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org
2014 theme is “Generation Open” 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
http://www.openaccessweek.org
November 19-21 | Washington, D.C. 
Day-long track on Libraries & OER 
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
www.sparc.arl.org 
www.openedconference.org
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
www.sparc.arl.org 
Libraries & OER Forum 
http://www.sparc.arl.org/resource/sparc-libraries- 
oer-forum
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
www.sparc.arl.org 
Be part of the solution 
www.sparc.arl.org/membership
@txtbks | sparc.arl.org 	 
Solving the Textbook 
Cost Crisis Through OER 
Nicole Allen (nicole@sparc.arl.org) 
Director of Open Education, SPARC 
NERCOMP | September 22, 2014 
Except where 
otherwise noted…

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Solving the Textbook Cost Crisis Through OER

  • 1. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Solving the Textbook Cost Crisis Through OER Nicole Allen (nicole@sparc.arl.org) Director of Open Education, SPARC NERCOMP | September 22, 2014 Except where otherwise noted…
  • 2. SPARC, the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition, is an international alliance of academic and research libraries working to create a more open system of scholarly communication. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org www.sparc.arl.org
  • 4. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org www.sparc.arl.org
  • 5. while tuition and fees increased by 89 percent and overall consumer prices grew by 28 percent. Figure 1: Estimated Increases in New College Textbook Prices, College Tuition and Fees, and Overall Consumer Price Inflation, 2002 to 2012 @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Source http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-368 8
  • 6. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org $1,207 Average student budget for books and supplies for the 2013-2014 academic year Source http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/average-estimated-undergraduate-budgets- 2013-14
  • 7. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Macroeconomics (5th Edition) by Stephen D. Williamson
  • 8. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Source http://www.ucsbstuff.com
  • 9. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Source http://www.ucsbstuff.com
  • 10. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Source http://www.studentpirgs.org/sites/student/files/reports/A-Cover-To-Cover-Solution_4.pdf
  • 12. Conventional Measures % Student Savings Over New Print Text @txtbks | sparc.arl.org 25% 61% 52% 39% E-Readers E-Books Rentals Used Books http://www.studentpirgs.org/reports/cover-cover-solution
  • 13. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Source http://www.coursesmart.com/macroeconomics-fifth-edition/stephen-d-williamson/ dp/9780132992787
  • 14. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Source http://www.coursesmart.com/macroeconomics-fifth-edition/stephen-d-williamson/ dp/9780132992787
  • 15. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Image © from http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/showbiz/heat-director-buddy-cop/
  • 16. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Market Failure
  • 17. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org 2 in 3 Students say they decided against buying a textbook because the cost is too high Source http://www.uspirg.org/reports/usp/fixing-broken-textbook-market
  • 18. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org 1 in 2 Students say they have at some point taken fewer courses due to the cost of textbooks Source http://www.openaccesstextbooks.org/pdf/2012_Florida_Student_Textbook_Survey.pdf
  • 19. Students can’t learn from materials they can’t afford @txtbks | sparc.arl.org
  • 21. We can do better. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org
  • 22. OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES @txtbks | sparc.arl.org
  • 23. Hewlett Foundation Definition: “OER are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or are released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and repurposing by others” @txtbks | sparc.arl.org
  • 24. Hewlett Foundation Definition: “OER are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or are released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and repurposing by others” @txtbks | sparc.arl.org
  • 25. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org 1. Free (no cost, no barriers) 2. Reuse Rights (open license or public domain)
  • 26. Open Licensing @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Uses copyright to enable free sharing and reuse
  • 27. (easy-to-use open licenses) www.creativecommons.org @txtbks | sparc.arl.org
  • 28. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org most free least free Slide adapted from Cable Green http://www.slideshare.com/cgreen OER not OER
  • 29. Retain • Make and own copies Reuse • Use in a wide range of ways Revise • Adapt, modify, and improve Remix • Combine two or more @txtbks | sparc.arl.org The “5R” Permissions Redistribute • Share with others See www.opencontent.org for full definition. The$5Rs$
  • 31. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org OpenCourseWare
  • 32. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Captured from http://ocw.mit.edu/about/
  • 33. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Captured from http://open.umich.edu/education/med
  • 34. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Captured from http://open.umich.edu/education/med/m1/patients-pop-decision-making/ fall2011/materials
  • 35. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Captured from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFU7fUff7PA
  • 36. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org OER Repositories
  • 37. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org http://cnx.org
  • 38. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org http://www.oercommons.org
  • 39. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Open Textbooks www.sparc.arl.org
  • 40. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Captured from http://openstaxcollege.org/
  • 41. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Open Textbook (Example) • Free online • Free PDF • Free ePub • Print $49.73 • Instructor can adapt and distribute http://openstaxcollege.org/textbooks/college-physics
  • 42. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org http://www.bkstr.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?catalogId=10001&categoryId=9602&langId=- 1&productId=4000000000002535744&storeId=216405&productStoreId=216405
  • 43. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org http://oregonstate.edu/ua/ncs/archives/2014/feb/osu-open-textbook-initiative-aims-reduce-student- costs-enhance-learning
  • 44. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Open Courses www.sparc.arl.org
  • 45. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org http://oli.cmu.edu/courses/free-open/introductory-psychology-course- details/
  • 46. Institutional Initiatives @txtbks | sparc.arl.org www.sparc.arl.org
  • 47. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org 81 Courses Captured from http://opencourselibrary.org/
  • 48. Tidewater Community College is making college more affordable. All OER 2-Year Degree @txtbks | sparc.arl.org www.sparc.arl.org The cost of college textbooks has risen 812% since 1978, more than the rates of inflation, health care, new home prices, and college tuition. More and more, college students are unable to afford their textbooks, and as many as 70% of students have reported avoiding buying at least one textbook for their courses. Not surprisingly, these students do not do as well academically. As of May 2013, if a TCC student purchased all of the textbooks required for a business administration degree, that student would spend $3,678.95 on new books. While used textbooks may lower this price, their availability is, at best, uneven. But the problem with printed textbooks goes beyond financial cost; textbooks “ cost” students and teachers in other ways as well. Because textbooks are frequently written for broad audiences in the hopes that they will fill the learning support needs and be adopted by large numbers of faculty and departments, they are filled with content and exercises that are superfluous to a specific course’ s learning outcomes. The cost here is in teaching efficiency and effectiveness. Fortunately a solution to both problems exists. Beginning in Fall 2013, TCC became the first college in the U.S. to create an Associate of Science degree based solely on open educational resources (OER), academically vetted and publicly licensed content. After a one-semester pilot project, the true measures of accomplishment are • student success • and increased instructor effectiveness. Early data suggest the Z-Degree will meet both goals. Z Courses experienced greater student retention and fewer student withdrawals. Grades were comparable with textbook-based courses. Almost 99% of students
  • 49. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Funder Policies www.sparc.arl.org
  • 50. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Source http://www.doleta.gov/taaccct/
  • 51. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Source http://www.californiacommunitycolleges.cccco.edu/Portals/0/DocDownloads/PressReleases/SEP2013/ PRESS_RELEASE_CreativeCommonsBY_090913_FINAL.pdf
  • 52. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Faculty Support
  • 53. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Image © from http://www.teleread.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/bookstorerummage.jpg
  • 54. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org 100+ open textbooks http://open.umn.edu
  • 55. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org About Lumen Learning Open Educational Resources represent a largely untapped opportunity to reduce costs to both institutions and learners, while at the same time improving student success. However, many institutional leaders are unsure what to do to help their institutions, faculty, and learners take full advantage of OER. This is where Lumen enters the picture. Co-founded by open education visionary Dr. David Wiley and education technology strategist Kim Thanos, Lumen is dedicated to facilitating broad, successful adoption of OER. After years of pioneering work in open education as individuals, David and Kim collaborated on the Next Generation Learning Challenges grant-funded Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative in 2012 to replace textbooks with OER in community college classrooms. Project goals included lowering textbook costs by 50% and improving student success rates. No one was quite prepared for the actual project outcomes, which resulted in moving the cost of required textbooks to $0 and improving average student success rates by over 10% compared to student performance in the same courses offered by the same instructors in prior years. You can read more about the Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative on the Successful Projects page. Adding this concrete proof to the body of evidence supporting OER, David and Kim decided to join forces to help more educational institutions and students realize gains like these. http://www.lumenlearning.org Lumen helps institutional leaders and faculty address the major challenges of OER adoption: ! Finding quality content and mapping it to course learning outcomes. Lumen works with faculty around the country to review and aggregate the best OER from around the web, design these resources
  • 56. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Source http://guides.library.umass.edu/content.php?pid=87648&sid=4778777
  • 57. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Impacts www.sparc.arl.org
  • 58. $1M student savings, and counting @txtbks | sparc.arl.org
  • 59. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Developmental Math Results" Percentage passing with C or better 48.40% 60.18% Supporting Adoption 70.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40.00% 30.00% 20.00% 10.00% 0.00% Spring 2011 No OER Spring 2013 All OER n=2,842 Adapted from slides by David Wiley available under CC BY at http://www.slideshare.net/opencontent About Lumen Learning Open Educational Resources represent a and learners, while at the same time improving unsure what to do to help their institutions, This is where Lumen enters the picture. Co-founded by open education visionary Lumen is dedicated to facilitating broad, After years of pioneering work in open education Generation Learning Challenges grant-funded textbooks with OER in community college 50% and improving student success rates. resulted in moving the cost of required textbooks 10% compared to student performance in You can read more about the Kaleidoscope Adding this concrete proof to the body of help more educational institutions and students Lumen helps institutional leaders and faculty ! Finding quality content and mapping around the country to review and aggregate into Open Courses that match general course frameworks online. This process individual or institution to download and ! Incorporating OER into academic consulting services to help institutional sense to introduce OER into courses
  • 60. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Source http://pm4id.org/
  • 61. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org The Medieval Lecture http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Laurentius_de_Voltolina_001.jpg (public domain)
  • 62. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org The Modern Lecture http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:5th_Floor_Lecture_Hall.j pg (CC BY-SA)
  • 63. Advance our systems for sharing information @txtbks | sparc.arl.org toward openness
  • 64. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org What can you do?
  • 65. What course content are faculty @txtbks | sparc.arl.org members using? Can it be supplemented or replaced with OER?
  • 66. What PD and instructional design services are offered? Can OER be part of them? @txtbks | sparc.arl.org
  • 67. Where is content being created @txtbks | sparc.arl.org on campus? Can it be licensed as OER?
  • 68. How does your campus disseminate content? Can it support sharing OER? @txtbks | sparc.arl.org
  • 69. 2014 theme is “Generation Open” @txtbks | sparc.arl.org http://www.openaccessweek.org
  • 70. November 19-21 | Washington, D.C. Day-long track on Libraries & OER @txtbks | sparc.arl.org www.sparc.arl.org www.openedconference.org
  • 71. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org www.sparc.arl.org Libraries & OER Forum http://www.sparc.arl.org/resource/sparc-libraries- oer-forum
  • 72. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org www.sparc.arl.org Be part of the solution www.sparc.arl.org/membership
  • 73. @txtbks | sparc.arl.org Solving the Textbook Cost Crisis Through OER Nicole Allen (nicole@sparc.arl.org) Director of Open Education, SPARC NERCOMP | September 22, 2014 Except where otherwise noted…