Uneak White's Personal Brand Exploration Presentation
US industrial base_analysis_for_space_systems
1. U.S. Industrial Base Analysis for Space Systems
Defense Manufacturing Conference 2011, Anaheim, CA
November 29, 2011
2. Purpose
ª Quick turnaround assessment of space industrial base
ª
ª
ª
ª
Customer: Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for
Manufacturing and Industrial Base Policy
This assessment is part of the initial phase of the sector-bysector tier-by-tier (S2T2) Department of Defense (DoD)
assessment of the industrial base
The initial phase of S2T2 covers 8 sectors
The Tauri Group assessed the space sector
ª Objective was to provide greater insight into supply chain
tiers of the space industrial base, particularly lower tiers
and interdependencies
ª This briefing is a preliminary overview only – Final
assessments will be issued by MIBP
2
3. Eight study topics were specified
ª Topic 1 – U.S. space industry supply chain map
ª Topic 2 – U.S. space industry sole suppliers, potential
ª
ª
ª
ª
ª
ª
bottlenecks, and workforce sensitivities
Topic 3 – U.S. space industry supply chain interdependencies
Topic 4 – U.S. space industry innovation and future design
capabilities
Topic 5 – U.S. space industry supply chain working capital
and investment capital
Topic 6 – U.S. space industry supply chain relationships
across military, civil, and commercial interests
Topic 7 – Globalization of space industry supply chain
Topic 8 – Other factors to consider
3
4. Methodology
ª Reviewed over fifty studies and relevant documents to identify risk
ª
ª
ª
ª
ª
areas and issues in the supply chain, components in the tiers of the
supply chain, and companies in risk areas
Conducted approximately 90 targeted interviews
Summarized previously identified supply chain concerns related to
the space industrial base and identified new risk areas
Researched major space manufacturers and companies associated
with identified technology risk areas
For each risk area, we identified suppliers, where the risk area was
in the supply chain, and mapped the risk area to rest of the supply
chain
For suppliers in risk areas, we identified other lines of business that
the company had and the degree of the company s diversification
outside the space business
4
5. Topic 1: Supply chain at risk categories
ª At Risk – Parts of the supply chain that are dependent on a sole
ª
ª
ª
ª
supplier or constrained competition, may become bottlenecks,
or have potential financial or workforce issues.
Green – Multiple suppliers and suppliers that are financially
healthy, have little or no potential to create bottlenecks, and
have no workforce issues.
Yellow – Constrained competition due to limited (fewer than
four) number of suppliers, suppliers with a potential to create
bottlenecks, and those with workforce issues.
Red – Sole suppliers, suppliers with high potential to create
bottlenecks, and those with significant workforce issues.
Black – Suppliers that are bankrupt, exiting the market, or
supplies are no longer available.
5
6. Topic 1: Overview of satellite supply chain elements from prime
contractors to material suppliers
Alloys
Ammonia
Anodes
Atmospheric
nitrogen
Atmospheric
oxygen
Capacitors
Carbon
fillers
Carbonized
cloth
Cast
metal
parts
Cathodes
Coa8ngs
Composite
material
Couplings
Diodes
Electrolytes
(Li-‐ion)
Fasteners
FiAngs
Gaskets
Hoses
HTPB
Methane
Nano-‐phase
metals
(Al,
etc.)
Natural
gas
Pipes
Poten8ometers
Precision
ball
bearings
Rayon
Resin
Screws,
bolts,
and
rivets
Sodium
perchlorate
or
chlorine
Weave
cloth
Wires/wire
harnesses
Tier
4
Atmospheric
probes
Balloons
Ball
screws
Communica8ons
feeds
Communica8ons
panels
Communica8ons
reflectors
Dust
meters
Focal
plane
arrays
Harmonic
drive
transmissions
Hemispheric
resona8ng
gyros
(HRGs)
Ion
counters
Landing
bags
Laser
resona8ng
gyros
(LRGs)
Lidar
op8cal
sensors
Momentum
wheels
Momentum
wheels
plaVorms
Non-‐sensi8ve
structural
panels
Op8cal
encoders
Orbital
analysis
soXware
for
GEO
satellites
Parachutes
Passive
RF
filtering/coupling
devices
Rate
sensors
Reac8on
wheels
Resolvers
RF
transponder
chains
Sensors
(pressure,
temperature,
etc)
Slip
ring
assemblies
Solar
cells
Torque
Transformers
Travelling
wave
tubes
(TWT)
Tier
3
Al8meters
Antennas
Beacon
tracking
and
ranging
systems
Chemistry
analyzers
Clocks
Command
&
Control
Systems
Command
receivers
and
telemetry
transmi[ers
Commercial
encryp8on
devices
Diaphragm
propellant
tanks
Gamma
ray
telescopes
Gimbal
assemblies
GPS
receivers
Heat
exchangers
Heaters
Hold-‐down
and
deployment
systems
Interferometers
Infrared
imagers
Lithium
Ion
ba[eries
Low-‐thrust
propulsion
devices
and
components
Magnetometers
Microscopes
Microwave
telescopes
Mul8spectral
op8cal
sensors
Nickel
cadmium
ba[eries
Nickel
hydrogen
ba[eries
Non-‐diaphragm
propellant
tanks
On-‐board
computers
Op8cal
imagers/telescopes
(pan/hyper/mul8)
Plasma
detectors
Power
distribu8on
assemblies
Power
regula8on
electronics
Preamplifiers
Pressurant
tanks
Processors,
routers/hubs
for
data
distribu8on
Radio
frequency
receivers
Radiometers
Sample
retrievers
Solar
array
assemblies
Spectrometers
Spinner
motor
drivers
Sta8onary
plasma
thrusters
Star
trackers
Sun
sensors
Travelling
wave
tube
amplifiers
(TWTA)
TTC&R
antennas
Ultraviolet
telescopes
X-‐ray
telescopes
Tier
2
Tier
1
Satellite
Satellite
Payload
(Instrumenta8on)
Subsystems:
Power
Propulsion
Structure
Thermal
A5tude
control
Telemetry
and
command
Satellite
Bus
Tier
5
6
7. Topic 1: Satellites – Red and yellow risk areas in supply chain
Alloys
Anodes
Cadmium
zinc
telluride
detectors
Capacitors
Cast
metal
parts
Cathodes
Coa8ngs
Composite
materials
Crystal
scin8llators
Couplings
Diodes
Electrolytes
(Li-‐ion)
Fasteners
FiAngs
Gaskets
Hoses
Mercury
cadmium
thelluride
detectors
Op8cal
solar
reflectors
Photomul8pliers
Pipes
Poten8ometers
Precision
ball
bearings
Pressure
transducers
Propellants:
Dinitrogen
Tetroxide
(MON-‐3)
Propellants:
Monomethylhydrazine
(MMH)
Propellants:
Oxidizers
Propellants:
Pressurants
Readout
integrated
circuits
Resistors
Screws,
bolts,
and
rivets
Solar
cell
cover
glass
Thermal
blankets
Thermal
insula8on
Thermistors
Transistors
Wires/wire
harnesses
Tier
4
Amplifiers
Atmospheric
probes
Balloons
Ball
screws
Clocks
Communica8ons
feeds
Communica8ons
panels
Communica8ons
reflectors
Comparators
Converters
Dust
meters
Focal
plane
arrays
Harmonic
drive
transmissions
Hemispheric
resona8ng
gyros
(HRGs)
Ion
counters
Landing
bags
Laser
resona8ng
gyros
(LRGs)
Lidar
op8cal
sensors
Momentum
wheels
Momentum
wheels
plaVorms
Non-‐sensi8ve
structural
panels
Op8cal
encoders
Orbital
analysis
soXware
for
GEO
satellites
Parachutes
Passive
RF
filtering/coupling
devices
Rate
sensors
Reac8on
wheels
Resolvers
RF
transponder
chains
Sensors
(pressure,
temperature,
etc)
Slip
ring
assemblies
Solar
cells
Switches
Torque
rods
Transformers
Travelling
wave
tubes
(TWT)
Tier
3
Al8meters
Antennas
Beacon
tracking
and
ranging
systems
Chemistry
analyzers
Command
&
Control
Systems
Command
receivers
and
telemetry
transmi[ers
Commercial
encryp8on
devices
Diaphragm
propellant
tanks
Gamma
ray
telescopes
Gimbal
assemblies
GPS
receivers
Heat
exchangers
Heaters
Hold-‐down
and
deployment
systems
Interferometers
Infrared
imagers
Lithium
Ion
ba[eries
Low-‐thrust
propulsion
devices
and
components
Magnetometers
Microscopes
Microwave
telescopes
Mul8spectral
op8cal
sensors
Nickel
cadmium
ba[eries
Nickel
hydrogen
ba[eries
Non-‐diaphragm
propellant
tanks
On-‐board
computers
Op8cal
imagers/telescopes
(pan/hyper/mul8)
Plasma
detectors
Power
distribu8on
assemblies
Power
regula8on
electronics
Preamplifiers
Pressurant
tanks
Processors,
routers/hubs
for
data
distribu8on
Radio
frequency
receivers
Radiometers
Sample
retrievers
Solar
array
assemblies
Spectrometers
Spinner
motor
drivers
Sta8onary
plasma
thrusters
Scaleable
accuracy
star
trackers
Sun
sensors
Travelling
wave
tube
amplifiers
(TWTA)
TTC&R
antennas
Ultraviolet
telescopes
X-‐ray
telescopes
Tier
2
Power
Propulsion
Structure
Thermal
AAtude
control
Telemetry
and
command
Tier
1
Satellite
Bus
Tier
5
Satellite
Satellite
Payload
(Instrumenta8on)
7
8. Topic 1: Overview of launch vehicle supply chain elements from
prime contractors to material suppliers
Alloys
Ammonia
Anodes
Atmospheric
nitrogen
Atmospheric
oxygen
Capacitors
Carbon
fillers
Carbonized
cloth
Cast
metal
parts
Cathodes
Coa8ngs
Composite
material
Couplings
Diodes
Electrolytes
(Li-‐ion)
Fasteners
FiAngs
Gaskets
Hoses
HTPB
Methane
Nano-‐phase
metals
(Al,
etc.)
Natural
gas
Payload
clamp
bands
Pipes
Poten8ometers
Precision
ball
bearings
Rayon
Resin
Screws,
bolts,
and
rivets
Sodium
perchlorate
or
chlorine
Weave
cloth
Wires/wire
harnesses
Tier
4
Accelerometers
Ammonium
perchlorate
Amplifiers
Ball
screws
Comparators
Converters
Engine
actuators
Engine
filters
Engine
gimbal
actuators
Engine
gimbal
assemblies
Engine
igniters
and
catalysts
Engine
injectors
Engine
sensors
Engine
valves
Fairing
separa8on
devices
Hydraulic
reservoir
Hydraulic
filters
Hydraulic
quick
disconnects
Hydraulic
accumulator
Hydraulic
valves
Hydraulic
system
electric
heaters
Hydraulic
actuators
Hydraulic
pump
Hydraulic
flow
restrictor
Hydraulic
connectors
Hydraulic
plumbing
Hydraulic
system
insula8on
Hydraulic
water
spray
boiler
GPS
receivers
Gyroscopes
Ini8ators
Lithium-‐ion
cells
Nickel-‐cadmium
cells
Rayon-‐carbon
cloth
phenolic
Ring
laser
gyros
Silver-‐zinc
cells
Stage
separa8on
devices
Vehicle
sensors
Tier
3
Liquid
rocket
engines
Tier
5
Airframes
Auxiliary
power
units
Ba[eries
Computers
Control
electronics
Doors
and
panels
Engine
combus8on
chambers
Engine
controllers
Engine
heat
exchangers
Engine
manifolds
Engine
nozzles
Engine
preburners
Engine
propellant
pumps
Fairing
sec8ons
Fairings
Fins
Flight
control
surfaces
Flight
termina8on
systems
Iner8al
flight
systems
Interstages
Landing
gears
Moun8ng
structures
Parachutes
Pressurants
(N,
He,
etc.)
Pressurant
tanks
Propellant
tanks
Propellant:
Fuel
(LH,
etc.)
Propellant:
Oxidizers
(LOX,
etc.)
Propellant:
Solid
(ammonium
perchlorate
composite
propellant)
Range
safety
systems
Radar
al8meters
Skirts
Solid
motor
casings
Star
trackers
Telemetry
electronics
Wings
Tier
2
Tier
1
Payload
fairing
Payload
adapter
Power
Guidance,
naviga8on
and
control
(GNC)
Flight
controls
Structures
Propulsion
8
9. Topic 1: Launch vehicles – Red and yellow risk areas in supply chain
Alloys
Ammonia
Anodes
Atmospheric
nitrogen
Atmospheric
oxygen
Capacitors
Carbon
fillers
Carbonized
cloth
Cast
metal
parts
Cathodes
Coa8ngs
Composite
material
Couplings
Diodes
Electrolytes
(Li-‐ion)
Fasteners
FiAngs
Gaskets
Hoses
HTPB
Methane
Nano-‐phase
metals
(Al,
etc.)
Natural
gas
Payload
clamp
bands
Pipes
Poten8ometers
Precision
ball
bearings
Rayon
Resin
Screws,
bolts,
and
rivets
Sodium
perchlorate
or
chlorine
Weave
cloth
Wires/wire
harnesses
Tier
4
Accelerometers
Ammonium
perchlorate
Amplifiers
Ball
screws
Comparators
Converters
Engine
actuators
Engine
filters
Engine
gimbal
actuators
Engine
gimbal
assemblies
Engine
igniters
and
catalysts
Engine
injectors
Engine
sensors
Engine
valves
Fairing
separa8on
devices
Hydraulic
reservoir
Hydraulic
filters
Hydraulic
quick
disconnects
Hydraulic
accumulator
Hydraulic
valves
Hydraulic
system
electric
heaters
Hydraulic
actuators
Hydraulic
pump
Hydraulic
flow
restrictor
Hydraulic
connectors
Hydraulic
plumbing
Hydraulic
system
insula8on
Hydraulic
water
spray
boiler
GPS
receivers
Gyroscopes
Ini8ators
Lithium-‐ion
cells
Nickel-‐cadmium
cells
Rayon-‐carbon
cloth
phenolic
Ring
laser
gyros
Silver-‐zinc
cells
Stage
separa8on
devices
Vehicle
sensors
Tier
3
Liquid
rocket
engines
Tier
5
Airframes
Auxiliary
power
units
Ba[eries
Computers
Control
electronics
Doors
and
panels
Engine
combus8on
chambers
Engine
controllers
Engine
heat
exchangers
Engine
manifolds
Engine
nozzles
Engine
preburners
Engine
propellant
pumps
Fairing
sec8ons
Fairings
Fins
Flight
control
surfaces
Flight
termina8on
systems
Iner8al
flight
systems
Interstages
Landing
gears
Moun8ng
structures
Parachutes
Pressurants
(N,
He,
etc.)
Pressurant
tanks
Propellant
tanks
Propellant:
Fuel
(LH,
etc.)
Propellant:
Oxidizers
(LOX,
etc.)
Propellant:
Solid
(ammonium
perchlorate
composite
propellant)
Range
safety
systems
Radar
al8meters
Skirts
Solid
motor
casings
Star
trackers
Telemetry
electronics
Wings
Tier
2
Tier
1
Power
Guidance,
naviga8on
and
control
(GNC)
Flight
controls
Launch
vehicle
Payload
fairing
Payload
adapter
Propulsion
Structures
9
10. Topic 2: Summary of space technology risk areas
ª Reviewed 135 companies that manufacture space hardware, focusing on 117 U.S.
companies that provide technologies identified as supply chain risks
ª There are 11 areas of high risk due to absence of U.S. suppliers or single U.S.
supplier
ª 6 were previously identified in reports and are or have been addressed under
Title III authority
ª 5 are newly identified
ª There are 17 areas at risk due to limited suppliers, suppliers with a potential to
create bottlenecks, those with workforce issues, and anticipated cost increases
ª 8 were previously identified in reports and are or have been addressed under
Title III authority
ª 9 are newly identified
ª Workforce was rarely identified as a supply chain risk
ª Over three-quarters of at risk technologies are due to limited number of U.S.
suppliers (2-3)
10
11. Executive Summary – Topic 2
Table of high risk (red) technologies
Technology
Satellite or
Launch Vehicle
Workforce
Sensitivities/
Bottlenecks
No U.S. Supplier
U.S. Sole
Suppliers
Optical solar reflectors*
SAT
U.S. stockpile;
one foreign
supplier
Solar cell cover glass*
SAT
U.S. stockpile;
one foreign
supplier
Space-qualified cadmium-zinc telluride
detectors*
SAT
V
Space-qualified harmonic drive
transmissions
SAT and LV
V
Space-qualified optical encoders
SAT and LV
V
Space-qualified potentiometers
SAT and LV
Space-qualified slip ring assemblies
SAT and LV
V
Space-qualified torque rods
SAT
V
Space-qualified travelling wave tubes*
SAT
V
Ammonium perchlorate (AP)*
LV
V
Rayon-based carbon cloth phenolic*
LV
Degree of
Diversification
*Technologies
previously
iden3fied
in
industrial
base
reports
and
surveys.
Long lead
time
V
Stockpile
Reliant on space business
Significant space business
Significant non-space business
11
12. Executive Summary – Topic 2
Table of at risk (yellow) technologies
Technology
Precision ball bearings
Satellite or Launch
Vehicle
Constrained Competition
(<4 U.S. Suppliers)
Workforce Sensitivities/
Bottlenecks
SAT and LV
V
Long lead time
Cost Issues
High cost compared to
non-U.S. providers
Reaction wheels
SAT
Scaleable accuracy star trackers*
SAT
V
Space-qualified (SQ) ball screws
SAT and LV
V
SQ diodes*
SAT and LV
SQ focal plane arrays*
High cost compared to
non-U.S. providers
Long lead time
SAT
V
SQ GPS receivers
SAT and LV
V
SQ lithium-ion batteries*
SAT and LV
High cost compared to
non-U.S. providers
Insufficient U.S.-space-qualified
Li-ion processing
SQ mercury-cadmium telluride detectors*
SAT
V
SQ readout integrated circuits*
SAT
V
SAT and LV
V
SQ solar cells*
SAT
V
SQ transistors
SAT and LV
V
SQ resolvers
Sun sensors (type of optical imager)*
High cost compared to
non-U.S. providers
Long lead time
High cost compared to
non-U.S. providers
SAT
Liquid rocket engines
LV
V
Liquid rocket engine propellant pumps
LV
LV
Questions about future
costs after Shuttle
V
Metal powder for solid propellant
Workforce
V
12
*Technologies
previously
iden3fied
in
industrial
base
reports
and
surveys.
13. Topic 3: Space supplier interdependencies
ª Prime contractors for satellites and launch vehicles
depend on the same sole source supplier for components
ª For satellites there are 8 single suppliers providing
components to a variety of buses and payloads
ª For launch vehicles there is a single supplier for
ammonium perchlorate and no supplier of rayon-based
carbon cloth phenolic
ª Four U.S. sole suppliers of space-qualified
components common to both satellites and launch
vehicles
ª Launch facilities and test facilities are shared
13
14. Topic 4: Innovation and future design capabilities
ª A complete look at this question was beyond the scope of this project.
Our analysis did result in several observations:
ª Historically, R&D developments related to satellite manufacturing are
conveyed from DoD satellite projects to the commercial satellite sector
through the supply chain
ª
ª
DoD leads the commercial sector in innovation in areas such as imagery,
ruggedization, and miniaturization
The commercial sector leads in innovation in consumer-driven areas, such
as value-added services and hand-held devices
ª Innovation in the launch vehicle sector is largely driven by process or
material improvements arising in the commercial sector (often nonspace commercial sector) rather than from DoD
ª Lower tier companies have indicated that the U.S. Government and
Tier 1 companies are less willing to take risk on innovative or
unproven technologies
14
15. Topic 5: Supply chain working capital and investment capital
ª Space sector less affected by the credit crunch and financial crisis than other industries
Space has historically been a less attractive investment for most equity firms
ª Low margins
ª Capital intensive
ª Low industry growth
ª Few consumer markets
ª Less benefit for space from financial booms, less exposure to financial retractions
ª Exception – commercial satellite services
ª Working capital
ª Asset-based (rather than cash-flow-based) financing is typical for space industry
ª Credit crunch hit cash-flow businesses significantly harder
ª Financing issues in various tiers
ª No company specifically identified working capital, credit crunch, or financial crisis
as a concern
ª Because Tier 1 and sometimes Tier 2 companies typically hold the government
prime contract, less money flows to the lower tiers when government budgets
tighten.
ª Dynamics of contract relationships can be less favorable for lower tier companies
ª Tier 1: very effective contracting offices; paid by the U.S. Government quickly
ª Lower tier suppliers are more likely to have cash flow issues
ª Possible working capital deficit for low tier suppliers
ª
15
16. Topic 6: Relationships across military, civil, and commercial
interests
ª Satellites
ª
Satellite manufacturers typically serve multiple markets
ª
ª
ª
Boeing, Lockheed Martin, Orbital Sciences manufacture military, civil, and commercial satellites
SS/Loral makes satellites for the commercial and civil sectors
ATK, Ball, and Northrop Grumman manufacture government civil and military satellites
Military, civil, and commercial satellites generally use the same standard buses
ª Satellite instrumentation/payloads are differentiated across sectors, reflecting specialized
needs
ª There are significant areas of cross-over usage of satellite services between sectors
ª DoD purchases commercial communication satellite bandwidth
ª Commercial users rely on DoD GPS satellites
ª Of the 264 satellites and spacecraft made by major U.S. manufacturers and launched from
2001 to 2010, 132 (50%) were commercial, 59 (22%) government civil, and 73 (28%) military
ª Launch vehicles
ª None of the U.S. launch vehicles are strictly for commercial launches
ª The supply chain for U.S. launch vehicles is integrated; essentially the same
configurations are used for military, civil, and commercial launches (with the exception
of payload-specific elements)
ª Of the 150 launches (2001-2010) by major U.S. launch providers (excluding NASAoperated Shuttle launches) 27 (18%) carried commercial payloads, 53 (35%)
government civil payloads, and 70 (47%) military payloads
ª Space Shuttle retirement and the cancellation of the Constellation Program
ª Department of Commerce and NASA extensively studied the effects of the above on
the supply chain
ª
16
17. Topic 7: Globalization of space industry supply chain
Discuss the level of globalization among suppliers and potential suppliers in the space
sector. Highlight any especially desirable or undesirable features of globalization in this
sector.
Level of globalization of satellite and launch vehicle manufacturing
Military
MODERATE
MODERATE-HIGH
Military satellites almost
entirely U.S.-built. Exceptions
include cover glass and
optical solar reflectors made in
the U.K.; IHI Aerospace
(Japan) liquid apogee engine
on AEHF satellite.
Often, NASA satellites and
spacecraft will feature
collaborative systems with
Europe, Japan, and other
countries.
Payload electronics or entire payloads
are often made by European and/or
Japanese companies. U.S.-built satellite
buses provided for satellites primed by
European, and, historically, Canadian
and Japanese companies.
MODERATE
Launch Vehicle
Manufacturing
Commercial
LOW
Satellite
Manufacturing
Civil
MODERATE
MODERATE
Atlas V and Delta IV are used for military, civil, and commercial missions. Atlas V incorporates Russian
RD-180 engines and components from Europe. Delta IV incorporates engine valves from Japan and
components from Europe.
Minotaur has a few European
components.
Taurus XL and Pegasus (rarely used for military missions) incorporate
some non-U.S. components. Taurus II core stage built in Ukraine. Pegasus
and Taurus vehicles available for commercial missions.
Falcon 9 series almost entirely U.S.-built. New Athena may feature foreign-built parts.
17
18. Topic 7: Possible foreign components of a generic U.S. commercial
satellite
IHI Aerospace liquid apogee
engines (Japan)
QST optical solar reflectors
(UK)
Bus: Boeing, Lockheed Martin,
Orbital Sciences, SS/L
(USA)
Saft batteries
(France)
Fairchild/BAE or Teledyne/Dalsa focal
plane arrays (UK/Canada)
QST solar cell cover glass (UK)
Thomson/Meggitt ball screws (UK)
Thales Alenia payload
(France)
Only some U.S. satellites use
foreign components. Those
satellites that use foreign
components would typically use
the components listed here.
18
19. Topic 7: EELV foreign suppliers
RUAG fairing
(Switzerland)
RUAG payload clamp bands
(Switzerland)
CASA interstage structure
and adaptors (Spain)
SAAB payload adaptors
(Sweden)
Mitsubishi tank dome
development (Japan)
SNECMA nozzle extension
on RL10-B (France)
Saft lithium-ion batteries
(France)
RD AMROSS RD-180
(Russia-USA partnership)
Mitsubishi RS-68 propellant
valves (Japan)
Delta IV
Atlas V
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20. Closing notes
ª Prime contractors and second tier subcontractors noted that they are
frequently involved in space industrial base studies
ª Companies in the lower tiers of the supply chain typically had not
participated in space industrial base studies and were eager to participate
ª Study identified a number of lower tier sole source suppliers and areas of
limited competition across the space industrial base, including four U.S. sole
suppliers of space-qualified components common to both satellites and
launch vehicles
ª There appears to be significant potential benefit from deeper study of lower
tiers and cross sector relationships
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21. Contact information:
Carissa Christensen, Managing Partner
703-647-8070
carissa.christensen@taurigroup.com
The Tauri Group
6363 Walker Lane Suite 600
Alexandria, VA 22310
www.taurigroup.com
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23. Topic 8: Other factors to consider
ª New companies in commercial spaceflight sector
ª Private entrepreneurs with personal interest in space invest significant
capital in commercial spaceflight
ª
ª
ª
ª
NASA is providing funding for the development of crew and cargo
transportation capability to low Earth orbit. NASA has contracted for
commercial cargo services from some of these new companies, and
expects to purchase more services in the future, including crew
NASA s commercial cargo and crew development programs:
ª
ª
ª
Both orbital and suborbital
Intent to use these vehicles for human spaceflight and research
Cargo: Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) and
Commercial ISS resupply (CRS)
Crew: Commercial Crew Development (CCDev)
DoD provides funding to some of these firms
ª Hosted payloads
ª Operationally Responsive Space (ORS)
ª Nano-satellites and micro-satellites
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