SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 38
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
Nutritional requirements for
calcium, phosphorus, and
vitamin D in growing pigs
Pedro Urriola and Jerry Shurson
Department of Animal Science
Introduction
Nutritional management of Ca, P, and Vitamin
D has 4 objectives:
Lean growth

Bone
strength

Diet cost

Environment
Overview
• Dietary requirements for P and Ca are dynamic, but
poorly defined for vitamin D
• Concentrations and digestibility of P and Ca vary
among and within feed ingredients
• Premixes are formulated to contain generous
amounts of vitamin D:
– uncertainty of requirements
– low content in other diet feed ingredients
Introduction
• Previous mentioned issues of
mortality and lameness were
linked to hypovitaminosis D
• However, not all events may
necessary be due to low
vitamin D
• Interplay of 3 nutrients on
requirements and nutrient
concentration
• Therefore, a review of the
requirements is necessary

Vit
D
P

Ca
Objectives
• Review NRC (2012) approach for
determining Ca and P requirements for swine
• Review usefulness of models of digestion
and metabolism
• Review requirements of Vit D in bone growth
and health management
Nutritional requirements for
calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D
in growing pigs
CONCENTRATIONS IN FEED INGREDIENTS
Form of Ca and P in feed ingredients
• About 60% of P in cereal grains is
present as phytate
• Pigs cannot digest phytate
• Phytase enzymes are added to
feed to release P from phytate
– Phytase activity is defined as FTU and
varies among commercial products
– Reduces the need for inorganic
supplementation
– Reduces P excreted in manure
How do we measure the concentration and
utilization of Ca and P in diets for pigs?
• Total P
• Available P
• Apparent total tract
digestible
• Standardized total tract
digestible
Concentration, availability and digestibility
of Ca, P, and phytate (%, as-fed basis)
Ca

P

Phytate

Avail. of P1

STTD of P2

Corn

0.02

0.26

0.21

-

34.0

Soybean meal

0.33

0.71

0.38

-

48.0

DDGS

0.12

0.73

0.26

-

65.0

Dical-P

24.8

18.8

-

49.5

81.4

Monocal-P 70

16.9

21.5

-

68.9

53.4

1Availability

of phosphorus
2Standardized ileal digestibility of phosphorus
Availability P system was used to measure P in
feed ingredients
Slope 1 standard = 0.5
Slope for test = 0.25
Ratio = 0.25/0.5 = 0.5

1.2
1
y = 0.5x - 1
R² = 1

0.8
Bone strength

0.6
0.4

Test ingredient 50%
y = 0.25x - 1
R² = 1

0.2
0
-0.2 0

1

2

3

-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1

Inclusion level or intake

4

5

Standard Ing.
Test Ing.
Linear (Standard Ing.)
Linear (Test Ing.)
Availability system reduces total diet P
while meeting the animals requirement
C-SBM

100 g/kg DDGS

200 g/kg DDGS

Total P Total P Available P Total P Available P
Ingredient g/kg as fed
Corn
DDGS
Soybean meal
Dical phosphate
Limestone

615.2

540.2

540.7

465

466.1

0

100

100

200

200

332.1

305.6

305.4

279.1

278.8

10.8

9.4

8.8

8.1

6.3

7.2

8.2

8.6

9.2

10.5

Calculated nutrient concentration (g/kg DM)

Total phosphorus

6.3

6.3

6.1

6.3

5.9

Available P

3.4

3.6

3.4

3.8

3.4

Hanson et al. (2012)
Formulation of diets on an available P basis
reduces total P intake when using DDGS
P intake, g/d
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3
2.9
CSB
Hanson et al. (2012)

10D-TP

10D-AP2

20D-TP3

20D-AP4
Formulation of diets on an available P basis
reduces P excretion when using DDGS
P excretion, g/d

1.2
1
0.8
0.6

0.4
0.2
0
CSB
Hanson et al. (2012)

10D-TP

10D-AP2

20D-TP3

20D-AP4
Digestibility system account for
undigested P and adopted NRC (2012)
• Apparent
• Standardized
– Endogenous losses

• True

Stein et al. (2007)
Outflow, g/kg DMI

But not all P excreted in feces comes from
the diet → endogenous losses

Specific
Basal
Intake, g/kg

Fernandez (1995); Stein et al. (2007)
The STTD digestibility system
accounts for endogenous losses of P
• Apparent (ATTD)
• Standardized (STTD)
– Endogenous losses

• True (TTTD)

Stein et al. (2007)
Use of the STTD system reduces the
amount of inclusion of monocal phosphate
Item
Ingredient composition, %
Corn
SBM
DDGS
Monocal phosphate
Nutrient composition
Total P, %
STTD of P, %

Fangzu et al. (unpublished data)

Diet 1

Diet 2 STTD of P, %

64.5
32.6
1.07

43.7
13.2
40
0.4

26
39
65
83

0.61
0.31

0.64
0.31

51
48
What about vitamins in diets?
Bioavailability is used to measure vitamin activity
in feed ingredients and synthetic sources
1.2

Slope 1 standard = 0.5
Slope for test = 0.25
Ratio = 0.25/0.5 = 0.5

Outcome variable (BW)

1

0.8

Test ingredient 50% bioavailability

0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2 0

1

2

3

4

5

Standard Ing.
Test Ing.
Linear (Standard Ing.)
Linear (Test Ing.)

-0.4
y = 0.5x - 1
R² = 1

-0.6
-0.8
-1

Inclusion level or intake

y = 0.25x - 1
R² = 1
Concentration of vitamin D is expressed as
international units (IU)
• The IU of VitD = biological activity of 0.025 μg of
cholecalciferol
• Another prominent form is ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) found
in plant materials.
Concentration of vitamins in premixes
and diets
• Factors that affect the bioavailability and degradation of
vitamins in premixes:
–
–
–
–
–
–

Humidity
Sun light exposure
Heat
pH
Presence of oxidative agents
Type of inorganic trace minerals (Shurson et al., 2011)

• Under practical applications, concentrations provided by
premixes are at levels several times (2 to 3x) greater than
recommended levels in the final diet (Richert, 2012).
Nutritional requirement for calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in
growing pigs

USE OF MODELS TO ESTIMATE DIETARY
REQUIREMENTS
Dietary requirements of Ca and P are
dynamic
• There is no standard recommendation (NRC
2012), rather is calculated

• Optimal lean growth can be obtained with 85% of P
for optimal bone growth
• Observe impact of dry matter intake
No all phytase enzyme have the same effect
of apparent total tract digestibility of P, %
60

52.7
47.4

ATTD of P, %

50

39.6
36.3
32.1

40
29.7
30

Natuphos
Optiphos
Phyzyme
Ronozyme

22.8
18.4

20
13.3
10

0
0

200

400

600

800

Phytase units,
Kerr et al. (2012)

1000

1200
Nutritional requirement for
calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in
growing pigs
DIETARY REQUIREMENT OF VITAMIN D
Nutritional recommendations of
vitamin D (NRC, 2012)
• Sow:
– Changed from 200 to 800 IU/kg diet

• Growers:
– 220 IU/kg

• Finishers:
– 150 IU/kg
7dehydrocho
lesterol

25-OH-D3

1, 25-OHD3

Vitmanin D
receptor
Nutritional recommendations of vitamin D
(NRC, 2012)
Age

BW, kg

NRC,
IU/kg

Serum 25(OH)D, ng/mL
0

Birth

40k IU1 Outdoors2

1.5

-

2-3

4

-

3

-

8-9

60-80

-

5-6

200

5-6

20-30

58.5

Grower

25-70

150

15-20

-

61.0

Finisher

70-140

150

28

-

86.0

Day 10
At weaning

1Toussignant

et al. (2013), Jang et al. (2012).
2Abbot and Madson (2012).
Criteria for establishing vitamin D
required intake
• Bone strength:
– Ricketts
– Osteoporosis

• Health:
– Antibody production
Supplementation increases serum
25(OH)D3, but it doesn’t mean greater growth

Serum 25(OH)D3

Control

40K Vit D

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Birth

d10

Weaning
Sometimes it improves BW of pigs after
40,000 IU of Vit D
14

12.28 12.67

12
10

8
6

5.43 5.64

6.06 6.37

Control
40 K Vit D

4

2
0
21
Tousignant et al. (2013)

28

47
…but it is inconsistent

ADG, g/d

Control

40K Vit D

450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

Birth
Jang et al. (2012)

d10

Weaning

d14
postwean
Ergocalciferol or
Cholecalciferol

25-hydroxy-D3
1, 25-hydroxy-D3
Intestine
Skeletal

Calcium
absorption
Phosphorus
absorption

Immune functions

Bone
mineralization
Conclusion
• Dietary requirements for Ca, P, and VitD are
dynamic
• Constant monitoring and adjustment in diet
formulations
• Nutritional models are a useful tool for
determining objective and dynamic
requirements
• New parameters need to account for
differences in animal health
Thanks…
Mechanistic model of P fate in GIT of pigs
Phosphorus flows
stomach (STO) and
the proximal (PSI)
and distal (DSI)
small intestine
PP = phytate P; a =
animal, pl =
plant, min =
mineral origen.
PPns = nonsol PP;
PPs = sol PP;
NPPs = sol NPP;
NPPns = nonsol
NPP;
Pendo = end P
Létourneau-Montminy et al. (2011)
Synthesis of vitamin D

7dehydroch
olesterol

25-OH-D3

1, 25-OHD3

Vitmanin D
receptor
Recommended requirements
• Humans:
– Indoor and high latitude
– IOM (2011) serum 25(OH)D:
• Estimated average requirement:
• Recommended daily intake:

• Swine:
– Indoor reared
– NRC (2012)

40 nmol/L
50 nmol/L
Parameters of P metabolism in growing
pigs with medium and high P intake (g/d)

H = high P intake (g/d)
M = medium P intake (g/d)
Fernandez (1995)

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Latest Experience with Phytase in Poultry - Prof. N.Ceylan and Prof. I. Ciftç...
Latest Experience with Phytase in Poultry - Prof. N.Ceylan and Prof. I. Ciftç...Latest Experience with Phytase in Poultry - Prof. N.Ceylan and Prof. I. Ciftç...
Latest Experience with Phytase in Poultry - Prof. N.Ceylan and Prof. I. Ciftç...DSM Animal Nutrition & Health
 
Effects of protease supplementation on the standardized ileal amino acid dige...
Effects of protease supplementation on the standardized ileal amino acid dige...Effects of protease supplementation on the standardized ileal amino acid dige...
Effects of protease supplementation on the standardized ileal amino acid dige...DSM Animal Nutrition & Health
 
Extraction of beta glucan from oat and its lipoprotein profile
Extraction of beta glucan from oat and its lipoprotein profileExtraction of beta glucan from oat and its lipoprotein profile
Extraction of beta glucan from oat and its lipoprotein profileDr Asif Ahmad
 
Protein digestion in poultry – the value of an exogenous protease- A Cowieson...
Protein digestion in poultry – the value of an exogenous protease- A Cowieson...Protein digestion in poultry – the value of an exogenous protease- A Cowieson...
Protein digestion in poultry – the value of an exogenous protease- A Cowieson...DSM Animal Nutrition & Health
 
Công dụng ngăn ngừa béo phì của tỏi đen
Công dụng ngăn ngừa béo phì của tỏi đenCông dụng ngăn ngừa béo phì của tỏi đen
Công dụng ngăn ngừa béo phì của tỏi đenCong Tai
 
Dr. John Patience - Dietary Fat: It Is Much More Than An Energy Source To The...
Dr. John Patience - Dietary Fat: It Is Much More Than An Energy Source To The...Dr. John Patience - Dietary Fat: It Is Much More Than An Energy Source To The...
Dr. John Patience - Dietary Fat: It Is Much More Than An Energy Source To The...John Blue
 
Protease to enhance meat and bone meal amino acids by broilers
Protease to enhance meat and bone meal amino acids by broilersProtease to enhance meat and bone meal amino acids by broilers
Protease to enhance meat and bone meal amino acids by broilersDSM Animal Nutrition & Health
 
What more do we need to know to optimize the use of a protease angel, r. ams...
What more do we need to know to optimize the use of a protease  angel, r. ams...What more do we need to know to optimize the use of a protease  angel, r. ams...
What more do we need to know to optimize the use of a protease angel, r. ams...DSM Animal Nutrition & Health
 
Broiler Performance and Ileal Digestibility Improved by Proteases
Broiler Performance and Ileal Digestibility Improved by ProteasesBroiler Performance and Ileal Digestibility Improved by Proteases
Broiler Performance and Ileal Digestibility Improved by ProteasesDSM Animal Nutrition & Health
 
Comparative efficacy of three phytase products on growth performance and appa...
Comparative efficacy of three phytase products on growth performance and appa...Comparative efficacy of three phytase products on growth performance and appa...
Comparative efficacy of three phytase products on growth performance and appa...DSM Animal Nutrition & Health
 
Use of proteases the Brazilian experience- Rostagno et al Amsterdam 2014
Use of proteases the Brazilian experience- Rostagno et al Amsterdam 2014Use of proteases the Brazilian experience- Rostagno et al Amsterdam 2014
Use of proteases the Brazilian experience- Rostagno et al Amsterdam 2014DSM Animal Nutrition & Health
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Latest Experience with Phytase in Poultry - Prof. N.Ceylan and Prof. I. Ciftç...
Latest Experience with Phytase in Poultry - Prof. N.Ceylan and Prof. I. Ciftç...Latest Experience with Phytase in Poultry - Prof. N.Ceylan and Prof. I. Ciftç...
Latest Experience with Phytase in Poultry - Prof. N.Ceylan and Prof. I. Ciftç...
 
Nutrient Profiling for FOP Labelling_2013
Nutrient Profiling for FOP Labelling_2013Nutrient Profiling for FOP Labelling_2013
Nutrient Profiling for FOP Labelling_2013
 
Effects of protease supplementation on the standardized ileal amino acid dige...
Effects of protease supplementation on the standardized ileal amino acid dige...Effects of protease supplementation on the standardized ileal amino acid dige...
Effects of protease supplementation on the standardized ileal amino acid dige...
 
A12
A12A12
A12
 
Nutrient Profiling 2012
Nutrient Profiling 2012Nutrient Profiling 2012
Nutrient Profiling 2012
 
G3 110731102319-phpapp01
G3 110731102319-phpapp01G3 110731102319-phpapp01
G3 110731102319-phpapp01
 
Extraction of beta glucan from oat and its lipoprotein profile
Extraction of beta glucan from oat and its lipoprotein profileExtraction of beta glucan from oat and its lipoprotein profile
Extraction of beta glucan from oat and its lipoprotein profile
 
Protein digestion in poultry – the value of an exogenous protease- A Cowieson...
Protein digestion in poultry – the value of an exogenous protease- A Cowieson...Protein digestion in poultry – the value of an exogenous protease- A Cowieson...
Protein digestion in poultry – the value of an exogenous protease- A Cowieson...
 
Công dụng ngăn ngừa béo phì của tỏi đen
Công dụng ngăn ngừa béo phì của tỏi đenCông dụng ngăn ngừa béo phì của tỏi đen
Công dụng ngăn ngừa béo phì của tỏi đen
 
Dr. John Patience - Dietary Fat: It Is Much More Than An Energy Source To The...
Dr. John Patience - Dietary Fat: It Is Much More Than An Energy Source To The...Dr. John Patience - Dietary Fat: It Is Much More Than An Energy Source To The...
Dr. John Patience - Dietary Fat: It Is Much More Than An Energy Source To The...
 
Protease to enhance meat and bone meal amino acids by broilers
Protease to enhance meat and bone meal amino acids by broilersProtease to enhance meat and bone meal amino acids by broilers
Protease to enhance meat and bone meal amino acids by broilers
 
Efficacy of RONOZYME® HiPhos in Turkey Poult Diets
Efficacy of RONOZYME® HiPhos in Turkey Poult DietsEfficacy of RONOZYME® HiPhos in Turkey Poult Diets
Efficacy of RONOZYME® HiPhos in Turkey Poult Diets
 
Proximate / Weende System Analysis of Feeds & Fodder
Proximate / Weende System Analysis of Feeds & FodderProximate / Weende System Analysis of Feeds & Fodder
Proximate / Weende System Analysis of Feeds & Fodder
 
Journal club 3 3 dec
Journal club 3 3 decJournal club 3 3 dec
Journal club 3 3 dec
 
35
3535
35
 
What more do we need to know to optimize the use of a protease angel, r. ams...
What more do we need to know to optimize the use of a protease  angel, r. ams...What more do we need to know to optimize the use of a protease  angel, r. ams...
What more do we need to know to optimize the use of a protease angel, r. ams...
 
Broiler Performance and Ileal Digestibility Improved by Proteases
Broiler Performance and Ileal Digestibility Improved by ProteasesBroiler Performance and Ileal Digestibility Improved by Proteases
Broiler Performance and Ileal Digestibility Improved by Proteases
 
Comparative efficacy of three phytase products on growth performance and appa...
Comparative efficacy of three phytase products on growth performance and appa...Comparative efficacy of three phytase products on growth performance and appa...
Comparative efficacy of three phytase products on growth performance and appa...
 
Nassim-Poster-IUFO 2014-Conference
Nassim-Poster-IUFO 2014-ConferenceNassim-Poster-IUFO 2014-Conference
Nassim-Poster-IUFO 2014-Conference
 
Use of proteases the Brazilian experience- Rostagno et al Amsterdam 2014
Use of proteases the Brazilian experience- Rostagno et al Amsterdam 2014Use of proteases the Brazilian experience- Rostagno et al Amsterdam 2014
Use of proteases the Brazilian experience- Rostagno et al Amsterdam 2014
 

Andere mochten auch

Ftt &types of nutritional support
Ftt &types of nutritional supportFtt &types of nutritional support
Ftt &types of nutritional supportHeba Omoush
 
B sc micro i btm u 4 nutritional requirements
B sc micro i btm u 4 nutritional requirementsB sc micro i btm u 4 nutritional requirements
B sc micro i btm u 4 nutritional requirementsRai University
 
Tissue culture
Tissue cultureTissue culture
Tissue culturerubina1000
 
Diff types of nutritional needs
Diff types of nutritional needsDiff types of nutritional needs
Diff types of nutritional needschiewbee
 
The Dietary Reference Intakes (Dri)
The Dietary Reference Intakes (Dri)The Dietary Reference Intakes (Dri)
The Dietary Reference Intakes (Dri)Lenora Nichols
 
Nutritional requirements
Nutritional requirementsNutritional requirements
Nutritional requirementsjes232
 
Culture media in microbiobiolgy
Culture media in microbiobiolgy Culture media in microbiobiolgy
Culture media in microbiobiolgy MaryamAbdulqadir
 
CULTURE MEDIA USED IN MICROBIOLOGY
CULTURE  MEDIA USED IN MICROBIOLOGYCULTURE  MEDIA USED IN MICROBIOLOGY
CULTURE MEDIA USED IN MICROBIOLOGYMusa Khan
 

Andere mochten auch (13)

Bacteriological Media 2016
Bacteriological Media 2016Bacteriological Media 2016
Bacteriological Media 2016
 
Ftt &types of nutritional support
Ftt &types of nutritional supportFtt &types of nutritional support
Ftt &types of nutritional support
 
Nutritional status types
Nutritional status typesNutritional status types
Nutritional status types
 
B sc micro i btm u 4 nutritional requirements
B sc micro i btm u 4 nutritional requirementsB sc micro i btm u 4 nutritional requirements
B sc micro i btm u 4 nutritional requirements
 
Tissue culture
Tissue cultureTissue culture
Tissue culture
 
Diff types of nutritional needs
Diff types of nutritional needsDiff types of nutritional needs
Diff types of nutritional needs
 
The Dietary Reference Intakes (Dri)
The Dietary Reference Intakes (Dri)The Dietary Reference Intakes (Dri)
The Dietary Reference Intakes (Dri)
 
Cultivation of bacteria
Cultivation of bacteriaCultivation of bacteria
Cultivation of bacteria
 
Nutritional requirements
Nutritional requirementsNutritional requirements
Nutritional requirements
 
Culture media in microbiobiolgy
Culture media in microbiobiolgy Culture media in microbiobiolgy
Culture media in microbiobiolgy
 
Culture media & methods
Culture media & methodsCulture media & methods
Culture media & methods
 
Types of culture media
Types of culture mediaTypes of culture media
Types of culture media
 
CULTURE MEDIA USED IN MICROBIOLOGY
CULTURE  MEDIA USED IN MICROBIOLOGYCULTURE  MEDIA USED IN MICROBIOLOGY
CULTURE MEDIA USED IN MICROBIOLOGY
 

Ähnlich wie Dr. Pedro Urriola - Pig Nutritional Requirements for Calcium, Phosphorus and Vitamin D

2. tabelas dris completas
2. tabelas dris completas2. tabelas dris completas
2. tabelas dris completasGleicy Darling
 
Dr. Brian Richert - Alternative Feed Ingredients: Real Options or Just a Nice...
Dr. Brian Richert - Alternative Feed Ingredients: Real Options or Just a Nice...Dr. Brian Richert - Alternative Feed Ingredients: Real Options or Just a Nice...
Dr. Brian Richert - Alternative Feed Ingredients: Real Options or Just a Nice...John Blue
 
Hydrolysate Characterization Technical Presentation Webinar11 2009
Hydrolysate Characterization Technical Presentation Webinar11 2009Hydrolysate Characterization Technical Presentation Webinar11 2009
Hydrolysate Characterization Technical Presentation Webinar11 2009Mason Williams
 
Haas nutrition fe zn
Haas nutrition fe znHaas nutrition fe zn
Haas nutrition fe znHarvest Plus
 
Gold Standard Physiological Measurements and Novel Drug Delivery Methods - Se...
Gold Standard Physiological Measurements and Novel Drug Delivery Methods - Se...Gold Standard Physiological Measurements and Novel Drug Delivery Methods - Se...
Gold Standard Physiological Measurements and Novel Drug Delivery Methods - Se...InsideScientific
 
Optimum Vitamin Nutrition (OVN) for Swine - Gilbert M. Weber
Optimum Vitamin Nutrition (OVN) for Swine - Gilbert M. WeberOptimum Vitamin Nutrition (OVN) for Swine - Gilbert M. Weber
Optimum Vitamin Nutrition (OVN) for Swine - Gilbert M. WeberDSM Animal Nutrition & Health
 
Nutritional management of renal diseases
Nutritional management of renal diseasesNutritional management of renal diseases
Nutritional management of renal diseasesWajid Rather
 
Dr. Pedro Urriola - Feed efficiency: Measuring, Genetic Trends, and Current S...
Dr. Pedro Urriola - Feed efficiency: Measuring, Genetic Trends, and Current S...Dr. Pedro Urriola - Feed efficiency: Measuring, Genetic Trends, and Current S...
Dr. Pedro Urriola - Feed efficiency: Measuring, Genetic Trends, and Current S...John Blue
 
Dr. Nick Gabler - The impact of PRRSV on feed efficiency, digestibility and t...
Dr. Nick Gabler - The impact of PRRSV on feed efficiency, digestibility and t...Dr. Nick Gabler - The impact of PRRSV on feed efficiency, digestibility and t...
Dr. Nick Gabler - The impact of PRRSV on feed efficiency, digestibility and t...John Blue
 
10. dr david cadogan feedworks - single cell protein types, benefits and redu...
10. dr david cadogan feedworks - single cell protein types, benefits and redu...10. dr david cadogan feedworks - single cell protein types, benefits and redu...
10. dr david cadogan feedworks - single cell protein types, benefits and redu...2damcreative
 
Dietary Reference Intakes
Dietary Reference IntakesDietary Reference Intakes
Dietary Reference IntakesCSN Vittal
 
Dietary Bioactive Components: Where Do We Go From Now?": Jeffrey Blumberg
Dietary Bioactive Components: Where Do We Go From Now?": Jeffrey Blumberg Dietary Bioactive Components: Where Do We Go From Now?": Jeffrey Blumberg
Dietary Bioactive Components: Where Do We Go From Now?": Jeffrey Blumberg BASF
 
Dr. Erin Harris - Feeding Strategies for Dried Distillers Grain with Solubles...
Dr. Erin Harris - Feeding Strategies for Dried Distillers Grain with Solubles...Dr. Erin Harris - Feeding Strategies for Dried Distillers Grain with Solubles...
Dr. Erin Harris - Feeding Strategies for Dried Distillers Grain with Solubles...John Blue
 
Potential mechanisms underlying the yogurt-body weight relationship
Potential mechanisms underlying the yogurt-body weight relationshipPotential mechanisms underlying the yogurt-body weight relationship
Potential mechanisms underlying the yogurt-body weight relationshipYogurt in Nutrition #YINI
 

Ähnlich wie Dr. Pedro Urriola - Pig Nutritional Requirements for Calcium, Phosphorus and Vitamin D (20)

A Practical Approach To Canine Nutrition
A Practical Approach To Canine NutritionA Practical Approach To Canine Nutrition
A Practical Approach To Canine Nutrition
 
2. tabelas dris completas
2. tabelas dris completas2. tabelas dris completas
2. tabelas dris completas
 
Dr. Brian Richert - Alternative Feed Ingredients: Real Options or Just a Nice...
Dr. Brian Richert - Alternative Feed Ingredients: Real Options or Just a Nice...Dr. Brian Richert - Alternative Feed Ingredients: Real Options or Just a Nice...
Dr. Brian Richert - Alternative Feed Ingredients: Real Options or Just a Nice...
 
Hydrolysate Characterization Technical Presentation Webinar11 2009
Hydrolysate Characterization Technical Presentation Webinar11 2009Hydrolysate Characterization Technical Presentation Webinar11 2009
Hydrolysate Characterization Technical Presentation Webinar11 2009
 
Haas nutrition fe zn
Haas nutrition fe znHaas nutrition fe zn
Haas nutrition fe zn
 
Gold Standard Physiological Measurements and Novel Drug Delivery Methods - Se...
Gold Standard Physiological Measurements and Novel Drug Delivery Methods - Se...Gold Standard Physiological Measurements and Novel Drug Delivery Methods - Se...
Gold Standard Physiological Measurements and Novel Drug Delivery Methods - Se...
 
Optimum Vitamin Nutrition (OVN) for Swine - Gilbert M. Weber
Optimum Vitamin Nutrition (OVN) for Swine - Gilbert M. WeberOptimum Vitamin Nutrition (OVN) for Swine - Gilbert M. Weber
Optimum Vitamin Nutrition (OVN) for Swine - Gilbert M. Weber
 
VITAMIN D
VITAMIN D VITAMIN D
VITAMIN D
 
Nutritional management of renal diseases
Nutritional management of renal diseasesNutritional management of renal diseases
Nutritional management of renal diseases
 
Geriatic nutrition
Geriatic nutritionGeriatic nutrition
Geriatic nutrition
 
Dr. Pedro Urriola - Feed efficiency: Measuring, Genetic Trends, and Current S...
Dr. Pedro Urriola - Feed efficiency: Measuring, Genetic Trends, and Current S...Dr. Pedro Urriola - Feed efficiency: Measuring, Genetic Trends, and Current S...
Dr. Pedro Urriola - Feed efficiency: Measuring, Genetic Trends, and Current S...
 
Dr. Nick Gabler - The impact of PRRSV on feed efficiency, digestibility and t...
Dr. Nick Gabler - The impact of PRRSV on feed efficiency, digestibility and t...Dr. Nick Gabler - The impact of PRRSV on feed efficiency, digestibility and t...
Dr. Nick Gabler - The impact of PRRSV on feed efficiency, digestibility and t...
 
EB presentation 8_Final
EB presentation 8_FinalEB presentation 8_Final
EB presentation 8_Final
 
Nutrient Risk Assessment and Upper Intake Levels - Korea_2015
Nutrient Risk Assessment and Upper Intake Levels - Korea_2015Nutrient Risk Assessment and Upper Intake Levels - Korea_2015
Nutrient Risk Assessment and Upper Intake Levels - Korea_2015
 
10. dr david cadogan feedworks - single cell protein types, benefits and redu...
10. dr david cadogan feedworks - single cell protein types, benefits and redu...10. dr david cadogan feedworks - single cell protein types, benefits and redu...
10. dr david cadogan feedworks - single cell protein types, benefits and redu...
 
Developments in the Nutrient Requirement of Chicken
Developments in the Nutrient Requirement of ChickenDevelopments in the Nutrient Requirement of Chicken
Developments in the Nutrient Requirement of Chicken
 
Dietary Reference Intakes
Dietary Reference IntakesDietary Reference Intakes
Dietary Reference Intakes
 
Dietary Bioactive Components: Where Do We Go From Now?": Jeffrey Blumberg
Dietary Bioactive Components: Where Do We Go From Now?": Jeffrey Blumberg Dietary Bioactive Components: Where Do We Go From Now?": Jeffrey Blumberg
Dietary Bioactive Components: Where Do We Go From Now?": Jeffrey Blumberg
 
Dr. Erin Harris - Feeding Strategies for Dried Distillers Grain with Solubles...
Dr. Erin Harris - Feeding Strategies for Dried Distillers Grain with Solubles...Dr. Erin Harris - Feeding Strategies for Dried Distillers Grain with Solubles...
Dr. Erin Harris - Feeding Strategies for Dried Distillers Grain with Solubles...
 
Potential mechanisms underlying the yogurt-body weight relationship
Potential mechanisms underlying the yogurt-body weight relationshipPotential mechanisms underlying the yogurt-body weight relationship
Potential mechanisms underlying the yogurt-body weight relationship
 

Mehr von John Blue

Jordan Hoewischer - OACI Farmer Certification Program
Jordan Hoewischer - OACI Farmer Certification ProgramJordan Hoewischer - OACI Farmer Certification Program
Jordan Hoewischer - OACI Farmer Certification ProgramJohn Blue
 
Fred Yoder - No-till and Climate Change: Fact, Fiction, and Ignorance
Fred Yoder - No-till and Climate Change: Fact, Fiction, and IgnoranceFred Yoder - No-till and Climate Change: Fact, Fiction, and Ignorance
Fred Yoder - No-till and Climate Change: Fact, Fiction, and IgnoranceJohn Blue
 
Dr. John Grove - Fifty Years Of No-till Research In Kentucky
Dr. John Grove - Fifty Years Of No-till Research In KentuckyDr. John Grove - Fifty Years Of No-till Research In Kentucky
Dr. John Grove - Fifty Years Of No-till Research In KentuckyJohn Blue
 
Dr. Warren Dick - Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962
Dr. Warren Dick - Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962Dr. Warren Dick - Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962
Dr. Warren Dick - Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962John Blue
 
Dr. Christine Sprunger - The role that roots play in building soil organic ma...
Dr. Christine Sprunger - The role that roots play in building soil organic ma...Dr. Christine Sprunger - The role that roots play in building soil organic ma...
Dr. Christine Sprunger - The role that roots play in building soil organic ma...John Blue
 
Dr. Leonardo Deiss - Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends afte...
Dr. Leonardo Deiss - Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends afte...Dr. Leonardo Deiss - Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends afte...
Dr. Leonardo Deiss - Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends afte...John Blue
 
Dr. Steve Culman - No-Till Yield Data Analysis
Dr. Steve Culman - No-Till Yield Data AnalysisDr. Steve Culman - No-Till Yield Data Analysis
Dr. Steve Culman - No-Till Yield Data AnalysisJohn Blue
 
Alan Sundermeier and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar - Soil biological Response to BMPs
Alan Sundermeier and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar - Soil biological Response to BMPs Alan Sundermeier and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar - Soil biological Response to BMPs
Alan Sundermeier and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar - Soil biological Response to BMPs John Blue
 
Dr. Curtis Young - Attracting And Protecting Pollinators
 Dr. Curtis Young - Attracting And Protecting Pollinators Dr. Curtis Young - Attracting And Protecting Pollinators
Dr. Curtis Young - Attracting And Protecting PollinatorsJohn Blue
 
Garth Ruff - Alternative Forages
Garth Ruff - Alternative Forages Garth Ruff - Alternative Forages
Garth Ruff - Alternative Forages John Blue
 
Sarah Noggle - Cover Crop Decision Tool Selector
 Sarah Noggle - Cover Crop Decision Tool Selector Sarah Noggle - Cover Crop Decision Tool Selector
Sarah Noggle - Cover Crop Decision Tool SelectorJohn Blue
 
Jim Belt - Hemp Regulations
Jim Belt - Hemp RegulationsJim Belt - Hemp Regulations
Jim Belt - Hemp RegulationsJohn Blue
 
John Barker - UAVs: Where Are We And What's Next
John Barker - UAVs: Where Are We And What's NextJohn Barker - UAVs: Where Are We And What's Next
John Barker - UAVs: Where Are We And What's NextJohn Blue
 
Dr. Rajbir Bajwa - Medical uses of Marijuana
 Dr. Rajbir Bajwa - Medical uses of Marijuana Dr. Rajbir Bajwa - Medical uses of Marijuana
Dr. Rajbir Bajwa - Medical uses of MarijuanaJohn Blue
 
Dr. Jeff Stachler - Setting up a Corn and Soybean Herbicide Program with Cove...
Dr. Jeff Stachler - Setting up a Corn and Soybean Herbicide Program with Cove...Dr. Jeff Stachler - Setting up a Corn and Soybean Herbicide Program with Cove...
Dr. Jeff Stachler - Setting up a Corn and Soybean Herbicide Program with Cove...John Blue
 
Dr. Chad Penn - Developing A New Approach To Soil Phosphorus Testing And Reco...
Dr. Chad Penn - Developing A New Approach To Soil Phosphorus Testing And Reco...Dr. Chad Penn - Developing A New Approach To Soil Phosphorus Testing And Reco...
Dr. Chad Penn - Developing A New Approach To Soil Phosphorus Testing And Reco...John Blue
 
Jim Hoorman - Dealing with Cover Crops after Preventative Planting
Jim Hoorman - Dealing with Cover Crops after Preventative PlantingJim Hoorman - Dealing with Cover Crops after Preventative Planting
Jim Hoorman - Dealing with Cover Crops after Preventative PlantingJohn Blue
 
Dr. Sjoerd Duiker - Dealing with Poor Soil Structure and Soil Compaction
Dr. Sjoerd Duiker - Dealing with Poor Soil Structure and Soil Compaction Dr. Sjoerd Duiker - Dealing with Poor Soil Structure and Soil Compaction
Dr. Sjoerd Duiker - Dealing with Poor Soil Structure and Soil Compaction John Blue
 
Christine Brown - Canadian Livestock Producers Efforts to Improve Water Quality
Christine Brown - Canadian Livestock Producers Efforts to Improve Water QualityChristine Brown - Canadian Livestock Producers Efforts to Improve Water Quality
Christine Brown - Canadian Livestock Producers Efforts to Improve Water QualityJohn Blue
 
Dr. Lee Briese - Details Matter (includes details about soil, equipment, cove...
Dr. Lee Briese - Details Matter (includes details about soil, equipment, cove...Dr. Lee Briese - Details Matter (includes details about soil, equipment, cove...
Dr. Lee Briese - Details Matter (includes details about soil, equipment, cove...John Blue
 

Mehr von John Blue (20)

Jordan Hoewischer - OACI Farmer Certification Program
Jordan Hoewischer - OACI Farmer Certification ProgramJordan Hoewischer - OACI Farmer Certification Program
Jordan Hoewischer - OACI Farmer Certification Program
 
Fred Yoder - No-till and Climate Change: Fact, Fiction, and Ignorance
Fred Yoder - No-till and Climate Change: Fact, Fiction, and IgnoranceFred Yoder - No-till and Climate Change: Fact, Fiction, and Ignorance
Fred Yoder - No-till and Climate Change: Fact, Fiction, and Ignorance
 
Dr. John Grove - Fifty Years Of No-till Research In Kentucky
Dr. John Grove - Fifty Years Of No-till Research In KentuckyDr. John Grove - Fifty Years Of No-till Research In Kentucky
Dr. John Grove - Fifty Years Of No-till Research In Kentucky
 
Dr. Warren Dick - Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962
Dr. Warren Dick - Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962Dr. Warren Dick - Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962
Dr. Warren Dick - Pioneering No-till Research Since 1962
 
Dr. Christine Sprunger - The role that roots play in building soil organic ma...
Dr. Christine Sprunger - The role that roots play in building soil organic ma...Dr. Christine Sprunger - The role that roots play in building soil organic ma...
Dr. Christine Sprunger - The role that roots play in building soil organic ma...
 
Dr. Leonardo Deiss - Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends afte...
Dr. Leonardo Deiss - Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends afte...Dr. Leonardo Deiss - Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends afte...
Dr. Leonardo Deiss - Stratification, the Role of Roots, and Yield Trends afte...
 
Dr. Steve Culman - No-Till Yield Data Analysis
Dr. Steve Culman - No-Till Yield Data AnalysisDr. Steve Culman - No-Till Yield Data Analysis
Dr. Steve Culman - No-Till Yield Data Analysis
 
Alan Sundermeier and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar - Soil biological Response to BMPs
Alan Sundermeier and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar - Soil biological Response to BMPs Alan Sundermeier and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar - Soil biological Response to BMPs
Alan Sundermeier and Dr. Vinayak Shedekar - Soil biological Response to BMPs
 
Dr. Curtis Young - Attracting And Protecting Pollinators
 Dr. Curtis Young - Attracting And Protecting Pollinators Dr. Curtis Young - Attracting And Protecting Pollinators
Dr. Curtis Young - Attracting And Protecting Pollinators
 
Garth Ruff - Alternative Forages
Garth Ruff - Alternative Forages Garth Ruff - Alternative Forages
Garth Ruff - Alternative Forages
 
Sarah Noggle - Cover Crop Decision Tool Selector
 Sarah Noggle - Cover Crop Decision Tool Selector Sarah Noggle - Cover Crop Decision Tool Selector
Sarah Noggle - Cover Crop Decision Tool Selector
 
Jim Belt - Hemp Regulations
Jim Belt - Hemp RegulationsJim Belt - Hemp Regulations
Jim Belt - Hemp Regulations
 
John Barker - UAVs: Where Are We And What's Next
John Barker - UAVs: Where Are We And What's NextJohn Barker - UAVs: Where Are We And What's Next
John Barker - UAVs: Where Are We And What's Next
 
Dr. Rajbir Bajwa - Medical uses of Marijuana
 Dr. Rajbir Bajwa - Medical uses of Marijuana Dr. Rajbir Bajwa - Medical uses of Marijuana
Dr. Rajbir Bajwa - Medical uses of Marijuana
 
Dr. Jeff Stachler - Setting up a Corn and Soybean Herbicide Program with Cove...
Dr. Jeff Stachler - Setting up a Corn and Soybean Herbicide Program with Cove...Dr. Jeff Stachler - Setting up a Corn and Soybean Herbicide Program with Cove...
Dr. Jeff Stachler - Setting up a Corn and Soybean Herbicide Program with Cove...
 
Dr. Chad Penn - Developing A New Approach To Soil Phosphorus Testing And Reco...
Dr. Chad Penn - Developing A New Approach To Soil Phosphorus Testing And Reco...Dr. Chad Penn - Developing A New Approach To Soil Phosphorus Testing And Reco...
Dr. Chad Penn - Developing A New Approach To Soil Phosphorus Testing And Reco...
 
Jim Hoorman - Dealing with Cover Crops after Preventative Planting
Jim Hoorman - Dealing with Cover Crops after Preventative PlantingJim Hoorman - Dealing with Cover Crops after Preventative Planting
Jim Hoorman - Dealing with Cover Crops after Preventative Planting
 
Dr. Sjoerd Duiker - Dealing with Poor Soil Structure and Soil Compaction
Dr. Sjoerd Duiker - Dealing with Poor Soil Structure and Soil Compaction Dr. Sjoerd Duiker - Dealing with Poor Soil Structure and Soil Compaction
Dr. Sjoerd Duiker - Dealing with Poor Soil Structure and Soil Compaction
 
Christine Brown - Canadian Livestock Producers Efforts to Improve Water Quality
Christine Brown - Canadian Livestock Producers Efforts to Improve Water QualityChristine Brown - Canadian Livestock Producers Efforts to Improve Water Quality
Christine Brown - Canadian Livestock Producers Efforts to Improve Water Quality
 
Dr. Lee Briese - Details Matter (includes details about soil, equipment, cove...
Dr. Lee Briese - Details Matter (includes details about soil, equipment, cove...Dr. Lee Briese - Details Matter (includes details about soil, equipment, cove...
Dr. Lee Briese - Details Matter (includes details about soil, equipment, cove...
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptxDNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptxMAsifAhmad
 
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdfRed Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdfMedicoseAcademics
 
Female Reproductive Physiology Before Pregnancy
Female Reproductive Physiology Before PregnancyFemale Reproductive Physiology Before Pregnancy
Female Reproductive Physiology Before PregnancyMedicoseAcademics
 
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation of strabismus
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation  of strabismuspower point presentation of Clinical evaluation  of strabismus
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation of strabismusChandrasekar Reddy
 
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health CommunicationsUsing Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communicationskatiequigley33
 
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdfCONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdfDolisha Warbi
 
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.Vaikunthan Rajaratnam
 
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusanguhistoryofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu Medical University
 
SGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdfSGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdfHongBiThi1
 
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functionsAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functionsMedicoseAcademics
 
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacology
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacologypA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacology
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacologyDeepakDaniel9
 
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxationPhysiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxationMedicoseAcademics
 
Basic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptx
Basic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptxBasic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptx
Basic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptxkomalt2001
 
Neurological history taking (2024) .
Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .
Neurological history taking (2024) .Mohamed Rizk Khodair
 
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturallyHow to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturallyZurück zum Ursprung
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptxDNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
DNA nucleotides Blast in NCBI and Phylogeny using MEGA Xi.pptx
 
Biologic therapy ice breaking in rheumatology, Case based approach with appli...
Biologic therapy ice breaking in rheumatology, Case based approach with appli...Biologic therapy ice breaking in rheumatology, Case based approach with appli...
Biologic therapy ice breaking in rheumatology, Case based approach with appli...
 
Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...
Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...
Rheumatoid arthritis Part 1, case based approach with application of the late...
 
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdfRed Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
Red Blood Cells_anemia & polycythemia.pdf
 
Female Reproductive Physiology Before Pregnancy
Female Reproductive Physiology Before PregnancyFemale Reproductive Physiology Before Pregnancy
Female Reproductive Physiology Before Pregnancy
 
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation of strabismus
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation  of strabismuspower point presentation of Clinical evaluation  of strabismus
power point presentation of Clinical evaluation of strabismus
 
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health CommunicationsUsing Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
Using Data Visualization in Public Health Communications
 
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdfCONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
CONNECTIVE TISSUE (ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY).pdf
 
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
Generative AI in Health Care a scoping review and a persoanl experience.
 
How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...
How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...
How to master Steroid (glucocorticoids) prescription, different scenarios, ca...
 
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusanguhistoryofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
historyofpsychiatryinindia. Senthil Thirusangu
 
American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...
American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...
American College of physicians ACP high value care recommendations in rheumat...
 
GOUT UPDATE AHMED YEHIA 2024, case based approach with application of the lat...
GOUT UPDATE AHMED YEHIA 2024, case based approach with application of the lat...GOUT UPDATE AHMED YEHIA 2024, case based approach with application of the lat...
GOUT UPDATE AHMED YEHIA 2024, case based approach with application of the lat...
 
SGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdfSGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdf
SGK RỐI LOẠN KALI MÁU CỰC KỲ QUAN TRỌNG.pdf
 
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functionsAUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM organization and functions
 
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacology
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacologypA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacology
pA2 value, Schild plot and pD2 values- applications in pharmacology
 
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxationPhysiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
Physiology of Smooth Muscles -Mechanics of contraction and relaxation
 
Basic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptx
Basic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptxBasic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptx
Basic structure of hair and hair growth cycle.pptx
 
Neurological history taking (2024) .
Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .Neurological  history  taking  (2024)  .
Neurological history taking (2024) .
 
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturallyHow to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
How to cure cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis naturally
 

Dr. Pedro Urriola - Pig Nutritional Requirements for Calcium, Phosphorus and Vitamin D

  • 1. Nutritional requirements for calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in growing pigs Pedro Urriola and Jerry Shurson Department of Animal Science
  • 2. Introduction Nutritional management of Ca, P, and Vitamin D has 4 objectives: Lean growth Bone strength Diet cost Environment
  • 3. Overview • Dietary requirements for P and Ca are dynamic, but poorly defined for vitamin D • Concentrations and digestibility of P and Ca vary among and within feed ingredients • Premixes are formulated to contain generous amounts of vitamin D: – uncertainty of requirements – low content in other diet feed ingredients
  • 4. Introduction • Previous mentioned issues of mortality and lameness were linked to hypovitaminosis D • However, not all events may necessary be due to low vitamin D • Interplay of 3 nutrients on requirements and nutrient concentration • Therefore, a review of the requirements is necessary Vit D P Ca
  • 5. Objectives • Review NRC (2012) approach for determining Ca and P requirements for swine • Review usefulness of models of digestion and metabolism • Review requirements of Vit D in bone growth and health management
  • 6. Nutritional requirements for calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in growing pigs CONCENTRATIONS IN FEED INGREDIENTS
  • 7. Form of Ca and P in feed ingredients • About 60% of P in cereal grains is present as phytate • Pigs cannot digest phytate • Phytase enzymes are added to feed to release P from phytate – Phytase activity is defined as FTU and varies among commercial products – Reduces the need for inorganic supplementation – Reduces P excreted in manure
  • 8. How do we measure the concentration and utilization of Ca and P in diets for pigs? • Total P • Available P • Apparent total tract digestible • Standardized total tract digestible
  • 9. Concentration, availability and digestibility of Ca, P, and phytate (%, as-fed basis) Ca P Phytate Avail. of P1 STTD of P2 Corn 0.02 0.26 0.21 - 34.0 Soybean meal 0.33 0.71 0.38 - 48.0 DDGS 0.12 0.73 0.26 - 65.0 Dical-P 24.8 18.8 - 49.5 81.4 Monocal-P 70 16.9 21.5 - 68.9 53.4 1Availability of phosphorus 2Standardized ileal digestibility of phosphorus
  • 10. Availability P system was used to measure P in feed ingredients Slope 1 standard = 0.5 Slope for test = 0.25 Ratio = 0.25/0.5 = 0.5 1.2 1 y = 0.5x - 1 R² = 1 0.8 Bone strength 0.6 0.4 Test ingredient 50% y = 0.25x - 1 R² = 1 0.2 0 -0.2 0 1 2 3 -0.4 -0.6 -0.8 -1 Inclusion level or intake 4 5 Standard Ing. Test Ing. Linear (Standard Ing.) Linear (Test Ing.)
  • 11. Availability system reduces total diet P while meeting the animals requirement C-SBM 100 g/kg DDGS 200 g/kg DDGS Total P Total P Available P Total P Available P Ingredient g/kg as fed Corn DDGS Soybean meal Dical phosphate Limestone 615.2 540.2 540.7 465 466.1 0 100 100 200 200 332.1 305.6 305.4 279.1 278.8 10.8 9.4 8.8 8.1 6.3 7.2 8.2 8.6 9.2 10.5 Calculated nutrient concentration (g/kg DM) Total phosphorus 6.3 6.3 6.1 6.3 5.9 Available P 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.8 3.4 Hanson et al. (2012)
  • 12. Formulation of diets on an available P basis reduces total P intake when using DDGS P intake, g/d 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3 2.9 CSB Hanson et al. (2012) 10D-TP 10D-AP2 20D-TP3 20D-AP4
  • 13. Formulation of diets on an available P basis reduces P excretion when using DDGS P excretion, g/d 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 CSB Hanson et al. (2012) 10D-TP 10D-AP2 20D-TP3 20D-AP4
  • 14. Digestibility system account for undigested P and adopted NRC (2012) • Apparent • Standardized – Endogenous losses • True Stein et al. (2007)
  • 15. Outflow, g/kg DMI But not all P excreted in feces comes from the diet → endogenous losses Specific Basal Intake, g/kg Fernandez (1995); Stein et al. (2007)
  • 16. The STTD digestibility system accounts for endogenous losses of P • Apparent (ATTD) • Standardized (STTD) – Endogenous losses • True (TTTD) Stein et al. (2007)
  • 17. Use of the STTD system reduces the amount of inclusion of monocal phosphate Item Ingredient composition, % Corn SBM DDGS Monocal phosphate Nutrient composition Total P, % STTD of P, % Fangzu et al. (unpublished data) Diet 1 Diet 2 STTD of P, % 64.5 32.6 1.07 43.7 13.2 40 0.4 26 39 65 83 0.61 0.31 0.64 0.31 51 48
  • 18. What about vitamins in diets?
  • 19. Bioavailability is used to measure vitamin activity in feed ingredients and synthetic sources 1.2 Slope 1 standard = 0.5 Slope for test = 0.25 Ratio = 0.25/0.5 = 0.5 Outcome variable (BW) 1 0.8 Test ingredient 50% bioavailability 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 -0.2 0 1 2 3 4 5 Standard Ing. Test Ing. Linear (Standard Ing.) Linear (Test Ing.) -0.4 y = 0.5x - 1 R² = 1 -0.6 -0.8 -1 Inclusion level or intake y = 0.25x - 1 R² = 1
  • 20. Concentration of vitamin D is expressed as international units (IU) • The IU of VitD = biological activity of 0.025 μg of cholecalciferol • Another prominent form is ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) found in plant materials.
  • 21. Concentration of vitamins in premixes and diets • Factors that affect the bioavailability and degradation of vitamins in premixes: – – – – – – Humidity Sun light exposure Heat pH Presence of oxidative agents Type of inorganic trace minerals (Shurson et al., 2011) • Under practical applications, concentrations provided by premixes are at levels several times (2 to 3x) greater than recommended levels in the final diet (Richert, 2012).
  • 22. Nutritional requirement for calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in growing pigs USE OF MODELS TO ESTIMATE DIETARY REQUIREMENTS
  • 23. Dietary requirements of Ca and P are dynamic • There is no standard recommendation (NRC 2012), rather is calculated • Optimal lean growth can be obtained with 85% of P for optimal bone growth • Observe impact of dry matter intake
  • 24. No all phytase enzyme have the same effect of apparent total tract digestibility of P, % 60 52.7 47.4 ATTD of P, % 50 39.6 36.3 32.1 40 29.7 30 Natuphos Optiphos Phyzyme Ronozyme 22.8 18.4 20 13.3 10 0 0 200 400 600 800 Phytase units, Kerr et al. (2012) 1000 1200
  • 25. Nutritional requirement for calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D in growing pigs DIETARY REQUIREMENT OF VITAMIN D
  • 26. Nutritional recommendations of vitamin D (NRC, 2012) • Sow: – Changed from 200 to 800 IU/kg diet • Growers: – 220 IU/kg • Finishers: – 150 IU/kg 7dehydrocho lesterol 25-OH-D3 1, 25-OHD3 Vitmanin D receptor
  • 27. Nutritional recommendations of vitamin D (NRC, 2012) Age BW, kg NRC, IU/kg Serum 25(OH)D, ng/mL 0 Birth 40k IU1 Outdoors2 1.5 - 2-3 4 - 3 - 8-9 60-80 - 5-6 200 5-6 20-30 58.5 Grower 25-70 150 15-20 - 61.0 Finisher 70-140 150 28 - 86.0 Day 10 At weaning 1Toussignant et al. (2013), Jang et al. (2012). 2Abbot and Madson (2012).
  • 28. Criteria for establishing vitamin D required intake • Bone strength: – Ricketts – Osteoporosis • Health: – Antibody production
  • 29. Supplementation increases serum 25(OH)D3, but it doesn’t mean greater growth Serum 25(OH)D3 Control 40K Vit D 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Birth d10 Weaning
  • 30. Sometimes it improves BW of pigs after 40,000 IU of Vit D 14 12.28 12.67 12 10 8 6 5.43 5.64 6.06 6.37 Control 40 K Vit D 4 2 0 21 Tousignant et al. (2013) 28 47
  • 31. …but it is inconsistent ADG, g/d Control 40K Vit D 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Birth Jang et al. (2012) d10 Weaning d14 postwean
  • 33. Conclusion • Dietary requirements for Ca, P, and VitD are dynamic • Constant monitoring and adjustment in diet formulations • Nutritional models are a useful tool for determining objective and dynamic requirements • New parameters need to account for differences in animal health
  • 35. Mechanistic model of P fate in GIT of pigs Phosphorus flows stomach (STO) and the proximal (PSI) and distal (DSI) small intestine PP = phytate P; a = animal, pl = plant, min = mineral origen. PPns = nonsol PP; PPs = sol PP; NPPs = sol NPP; NPPns = nonsol NPP; Pendo = end P Létourneau-Montminy et al. (2011)
  • 36. Synthesis of vitamin D 7dehydroch olesterol 25-OH-D3 1, 25-OHD3 Vitmanin D receptor
  • 37. Recommended requirements • Humans: – Indoor and high latitude – IOM (2011) serum 25(OH)D: • Estimated average requirement: • Recommended daily intake: • Swine: – Indoor reared – NRC (2012) 40 nmol/L 50 nmol/L
  • 38. Parameters of P metabolism in growing pigs with medium and high P intake (g/d) H = high P intake (g/d) M = medium P intake (g/d) Fernandez (1995)