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P E U N I T 4 A O S 2
Control: Arousal and
Performance
Arousal
 The amount of readiness or activation a person
experiences when faced with a task
 The inverted-U graph shows the relationship
between arousal and performance and also the area
of optimum performance.
Arousal and performance
Optimum Arousal
 Individual to the athlete in question, the ‘inverted U’
and ‘optimum zone’ will chance shape and area
depending on the athlete in question.
 Athletes need to take responsibility in controlling
their arousal levels to ensure they maintain the
optimum level of arousal to maintain a high level of
performance.
Drive Theory
 According to drive theory, if an athlete is
appropriately skilled then it will help them to
perform well if their drive to compete is aroused (i.e.
they are ‘psyched-up’).
Arousal Reduction Techniques
 Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)
 Breath Control
 Biofeedback
 Stress-inoculation training
Essendon VS St.Kilda, Rd 20, 2009
 Last 5 minutes
 Nick Riewoldt
Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)
 Popular muscle relaxation technique among athletes
 Progressively tensing and relaxing major muscle
groups
 Method example on p.315.
 Lets try it
 You will need to be in savasna (lying on your back
on the floor with your eyes closed)
Breath Control
 Helps an athlete relax and refocus while preparing
for the next action or part of the match
 It helps athletes ‘block out’ distractions, providing a
mental break for the activity
Biofeedback
 Physically based technique used to modify
physiological or autonomous body functions during
training (which can be carried over into competition)
 Electronic instruments are used to measure (and
provide feedback on) heart rate, skin/body
temperature, muscle tension, blood pressure
 These measuring devises give direct readings or
provide a sound relative to the intensity of the
stimulus.
Biofeedback
 Baseball pitcher
 Rifle shooter
Stress-inoculation training (SIT)
 Like when you are inoculated against the measles,
stress-inoculation exposed the athlete small levels to
help them adapt
 Coping to the stresses comes in the form of
developing
 Positive thoughts
 Mental Images
 Self-confidence statements
Arousal Promotion Techniques
 Elevated Breathing
 Act Energetic
 Positive talk and sounds (“talk it up”)
 Energising imagery
 Pre-competition workout
Elevated breathing
 Similarly to breathing as
an arousal reduction
technique (slow deep
breathing), short sharp
breaths can activate the
CNS to increase a state of
awareness
 Eg: Tennis players after
losing a few games in a
row
Act energetic
 At the beginning or
during a game, an athlete
may feel lethargic or
tired.
 Physically pumping,
slapping or hitting each
other can help pump
each other up; therefore
increasing arousal levels
Positive self talk
 Emotive words like ‘tough,
aggressive, hard hitting,
aggressive, dependable etc’
increase arousal levels.
 Coaches will tend to use
these words when
addressing the team
 Players can use these words
to pump themselves up.
 Music can also play a large
role in
increasing/maintaining
arousal levels
 EG: Pole-vaulters / high
jumpers
Energising imagery
 Involves visualising
something that is
uplifting to the athlete
 EG: Swimmers moving
sleekly through the water
like a dolphin
 EG: Baseballer’s literally
hitting the skin off the
ball and hitting it for a
home run
Pre-competition Workout
 Generally takes place
about 2-hours before the
match
 Allows the athlete/team
to become accustom to
the field/environment
 They then do their warm-
up and practice any
psychological skills in
front of the crowd

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Arousal and performance

  • 1. P E U N I T 4 A O S 2 Control: Arousal and Performance
  • 2. Arousal  The amount of readiness or activation a person experiences when faced with a task  The inverted-U graph shows the relationship between arousal and performance and also the area of optimum performance.
  • 4. Optimum Arousal  Individual to the athlete in question, the ‘inverted U’ and ‘optimum zone’ will chance shape and area depending on the athlete in question.  Athletes need to take responsibility in controlling their arousal levels to ensure they maintain the optimum level of arousal to maintain a high level of performance.
  • 5. Drive Theory  According to drive theory, if an athlete is appropriately skilled then it will help them to perform well if their drive to compete is aroused (i.e. they are ‘psyched-up’).
  • 6. Arousal Reduction Techniques  Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)  Breath Control  Biofeedback  Stress-inoculation training
  • 7. Essendon VS St.Kilda, Rd 20, 2009  Last 5 minutes  Nick Riewoldt
  • 8. Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)  Popular muscle relaxation technique among athletes  Progressively tensing and relaxing major muscle groups  Method example on p.315.  Lets try it  You will need to be in savasna (lying on your back on the floor with your eyes closed)
  • 9. Breath Control  Helps an athlete relax and refocus while preparing for the next action or part of the match  It helps athletes ‘block out’ distractions, providing a mental break for the activity
  • 10. Biofeedback  Physically based technique used to modify physiological or autonomous body functions during training (which can be carried over into competition)  Electronic instruments are used to measure (and provide feedback on) heart rate, skin/body temperature, muscle tension, blood pressure  These measuring devises give direct readings or provide a sound relative to the intensity of the stimulus.
  • 12. Stress-inoculation training (SIT)  Like when you are inoculated against the measles, stress-inoculation exposed the athlete small levels to help them adapt  Coping to the stresses comes in the form of developing  Positive thoughts  Mental Images  Self-confidence statements
  • 13. Arousal Promotion Techniques  Elevated Breathing  Act Energetic  Positive talk and sounds (“talk it up”)  Energising imagery  Pre-competition workout
  • 14. Elevated breathing  Similarly to breathing as an arousal reduction technique (slow deep breathing), short sharp breaths can activate the CNS to increase a state of awareness  Eg: Tennis players after losing a few games in a row
  • 15. Act energetic  At the beginning or during a game, an athlete may feel lethargic or tired.  Physically pumping, slapping or hitting each other can help pump each other up; therefore increasing arousal levels
  • 16. Positive self talk  Emotive words like ‘tough, aggressive, hard hitting, aggressive, dependable etc’ increase arousal levels.  Coaches will tend to use these words when addressing the team  Players can use these words to pump themselves up.  Music can also play a large role in increasing/maintaining arousal levels  EG: Pole-vaulters / high jumpers
  • 17. Energising imagery  Involves visualising something that is uplifting to the athlete  EG: Swimmers moving sleekly through the water like a dolphin  EG: Baseballer’s literally hitting the skin off the ball and hitting it for a home run
  • 18. Pre-competition Workout  Generally takes place about 2-hours before the match  Allows the athlete/team to become accustom to the field/environment  They then do their warm- up and practice any psychological skills in front of the crowd