1. Today ...
Revision of Ch 7
Participles (in English)
Examples in Greek
14.1
Practice
Chapter 14
Earliest known copy of
Matthew of any of the
known Coptic MSS
c. 325-350

2. Revision
Nouns = case, number, gender, lexical form, meaning

3. Revision
Case =
Number =
Gender =
Nouns = case, number, gender, lexical form, meaning

4. Revision
Case = nominative, accusative, genitive, dative,
(vocative)
Number = singular, plural
Gender = masculine, feminine, neuter
Nouns = case, number, gender, lexical form, meaning

5. Revision
Verbs = person, number, tense, voice, mood,
lexical form, meaning

6. Revision
Verbs = person, number, tense, voice, mood,
lexical form, meaning
Person =
Number =
Tense =
Voice =
Mood =

7. Revision
Verbs = person, number, tense, voice, mood,
lexical form, meaning
Person = 1st, 2nd, 3rd
Number = singular, plural
Tense = present, future, imperfect, aorist, perfect,
pluperfect
Voice = active, middle, passive
Mood = indicative, imperative, subjunctive, infinitive, and
participle

8. Participles
“Verbal Adjective”
One of THE most characteristic features of NT Greek!
Very common and very important!

9. Participles
“Verbal Adjective”
One of THE most characteristic features of NT Greek!
Very common and very important!
Like a verb, they have
tense and voice:

10. Participles
“Verbal Adjective”
One of THE most characteristic features of NT Greek!
Very common and very important!
Like a verb, they have
tense and voice:
(present, aorist, perfect;
active, middle, passive)

11. Participles
“Verbal Adjective”
One of THE most characteristic features of NT Greek!
Very common and very important!
Like a verb, they have
tense and voice:
(present, aorist, perfect;
active, middle, passive)
Like an adjective, they have
case, number, gender:

12. Participles
“Verbal Adjective”
One of THE most characteristic features of NT Greek!
Very common and very important!
Like a verb, they have
tense and voice:
(present, aorist, perfect;
active, middle, passive)
Like an adjective, they have
case, number, gender:
(nom, acc, gen, dat;
s, pl; masc, fem)

13. Participles
They depend on a main verb;
they express meaning in relation to that verb
After eating, the Greek teacher gave us the exam.

14. Participles
They depend on a main verb;
they express meaning in relation to that verb
After eating, the Greek teacher gave us the exam.
Main Verbtells us something about
that main verb

15. Participles
They depend on a main verb;
they express meaning in relation to that verb
While studying, the student fell asleep.

16. Participles
They depend on a main verb;
they express meaning in relation to that verb
Main Verbtells us something about
that main verb
While studying, the student fell asleep.

17. Participles
Present Tense = action is simultaneous, continuous
“while, as”
Aorist = action is undefined OR occurred before
“when, after”
After eating, the Greek teacher gave us the exam.
While studying, the student fell asleep.

18. Participles
Modifies a noun or pronoun - the subject or object
After eating, the Greek teacher gave us the exam.
While studying, the student fell asleep.

19. Participles
Modifies a noun or pronoun - the subject or object
After eating, the Greek teacher gave us the exam.
Subject

20. Participles
Modifies a noun or pronoun - the subject or object
While studying, the student fell asleep.
Subject

21. Participles
Modifies a noun or pronoun - the subject or object
I saw two keruru sitting in a tree.

22. Participles
Modifies a noun or pronoun - the subject or object
I saw two keruru sitting in a tree.
Main Verb tells us something about
that main verb

23. Participles
Modifies a noun or pronoun - the subject or object
I saw two keruru sitting in a tree.
ObjectMain Verb tells us something about
that main verb

24. Participles
Can have its own object or modifiers.
After eating her breakfast, the Greek teacher gave us
the exam.
While studying diligently, the student fell asleep.
I saw two keruru sitting in a tree.

25. Participles
Agrees with the noun/pronoun it is qualifying.
I saw two keruru sitting in a tree.

26. Participles
Agrees with the noun/pronoun it is qualifying.
I saw two keruru sitting in a tree.
Participle
subject of the
sentence
object of the
sentence Is this modifying the
subject or the object?

27. Participles
Agrees with the noun/pronoun it is qualifying.
I saw two keruru sitting in a tree.
Participle
subject of the
sentence
object of the
sentence It is modifying the
object = neuter, plural,
acc

28. Participles
Agrees with the noun/pronoun it is qualifying.
After eating her breakfast, the Greek teacher gave us
the exam.

29. Participles
Agrees with the noun/pronoun it is qualifying.
After eating her breakfast, the Greek teacher gave us
the exam.
subject of the
sentence
object of the
sentence
Participle
Is this modifying the
subject or the object?

30. Participles
Agrees with the noun/pronoun it is qualifying.
After eating her breakfast, the Greek teacher gave us
the exam.
subject of the
sentence
object of the
sentence
Participle
It is modifying the subject
= fem, sing, nom

31. Participles
Agrees with the noun/pronoun it is qualifying.
While studying diligently, the student fell asleep.

32. Participles
Agrees with the noun/pronoun it is qualifying.
While studying diligently, the student fell asleep.
Participle
subject of the
sentence
It is modifying the subject
= masc/fem, sing, nom

33. Participles
If you can identify the gender, number, and case,
you can see which noun it is qualifying.
She saw them while studying.

34. Participles
If you can identify the gender, number, and case,
you can see which noun it is qualifying.
She saw them while studying.
Participle

35. Participles
If you can identify the gender, number, and case,
you can see which noun it is qualifying.
She saw them while studying.
ParticipleParticiple = nom, fem, sing
= “she”
Participle = acc, masc, plural
= “them”
Would need
to clarify in
English!

36. Participles
She saw them while studying.
Would need
to clarify in
English!
She saw them while she was studying.
She saw them while they were studying.