3. The Mouth
The Mouth is the first part in the process of
digestion. It starts really with the salivary
glands which are located in the mouth. The
salivary glands release saliva which is 98%
water and 2% enzymes and breaks down the
chemicals in the food you eat. Your teeth
mash up the food and when you are ready
your tongue pushes a small piece of mashed
up food called a bolus toward your throat.
4. The Esophagus
The Esophagus is a food pipe connecting the
mouth to the stomach. It uses its muscles to
squeeze down the food, even if you were doing
a headstand it would still push food to your
stomach. Before the food or liquid goes into
the Esophagus, it goes through your pharynx
and past your Epiglottis. The pharynx is not
only part of the digestive system it is also part
of the respiratory system. Your pharynx is the
tube that both food and water go through, but
when it reaches the windpipe and food pipe
(Esophagus) it separates.the food goes through
the Esophagus and the air goes through the
windpipe.
5. THE Stomach
The stomach has many parts.After the food
goes through the Esophagus, it enters into the
body or stomach. The Stomach is made up of
four parts: the Cardiac zone (the cardia is the
connector between the Esophagus and the
Stomach, it is one of the barriers that helps
contain the stomach acids). The Pylorus zone
(it is like a gate, letting food into the
Duodenum (the connector pipe between the
Stomach and the Small Intestine). The Body
(this part releases the Gastric Acids, it also
absorbs nutrients).
6. The Stomach Muscles
The stomach consists of three layers of muscle:
the outer longitudinal, the Middle Circular, and
the Inner Oblique. They grind the food up like a
giant compressor. The muscles expand and
contract to squeeze, press, and pull apart the
food.
7.
8. STOMACH ACID
The stomach acid(hydrochloric acid, HCl) plays
a big part of breaking down the food we eat.
the acid helps digest protein. proper levels of
HCl also help prevent illness and infection.
the stomach acid is neutralized by cells that
produce a layer of mucus and bicarbonate.
This is why the stomach does not digest itself.
The mucus and bicarbonate make a layer that
keeps the hcl in the stomach, if the hcl goes
out of the stomach then it can get to the
heart and give you
13. The Small Intestine
THe Small Intestine is split into Three parts:
the Duodenum, Jejenum, and Ileum. The
Jejenum is the part of the Small intestine
that connects to the Duodenum (the
connector between the stomach and the
small intestine (the Duodenum connects to
the Pyloric Valve on the Stomach)). The
Ileum is the bottom part of the small
Intestine that connects to the Ileocecal
valve on the LArge Intestine.
14. Small Intestine: Chemical
Digestion
● Most Chemical digestion happens here.
● When Food Goes from stomach to Small
Intestine, juices from the Pancreas, Glands
in the lining (of small Intestine), and liver
(Bile) help break down carbohydrates, fats,
and Proteins.
● Digested food broken into the size of
molecules pass through the Villi.
Diffusion
15.
16. The Villi (the Nutrient
Collectors)
The Small INtestine is lined with tiny
tentacles called VillI. The Villi are full of
blood cells. they absorb the nutrients in the
food. Then they pass the molecules of
nutrients into the blood flow. After
nutrients are absorbed they go deep through
the villi into the blood flow through the
process of diffusion (from an area of high
concentration to an area of low
concentration).
18. The SIZE OF The SMALL
AND Large INTESTINE
Even though the names state their size, that
size is true only for the large intestine. the
small intestine on the other hand is
actually very long. however, inside the
human body it doesn’t take up a lot of space
because it is squeezed into a compact shape.
the small intestine got it’s name from it’s
width not it’s length. the small intestine is
about 4 times longer.
19. The LArge Intestine
Before your food goes into the large intestine it
goes through the Ileum (the connecter of the
large and small intestine). After the ileum the
food moves on to the cecum. the cecum is the
beginning of the large intestine. the large
intestine has 4 parts: Ascending Colon, transverse
Colon, descending Colon, and the sigmoid colon.
The large Intestine absorbs water from the
remaining undigested food. It houses over 700
types of bacteria too. Two functions of this
bacteria are making Vitamin K and a type of
Vitamin B and helping digestion. The bacteria has
two types called Pathogenic (bad) and Probiotic
(good).
24. DISEASES IN THE
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
There are many
diseases that can
happen in the
digestive system. For
example, Crohn’s
Disease and cancer
of various parts of
the system (from
Mouth all the way to
Anus).
25. Crohn’s Disease
Crohn’s Disease:
when a person has
crohn’s disease,
their immune
system attacks
itself, Causing
healthy tissue to
become swollen
and painful. This
affects how they
eat, feel, and
acquire nutrition.
26. Cancer
Cancer happens
when cells go out
of control and
multiply to form
lumps of tissue
(tumors). It can
happen anywhere in
the body. It disrupts
the flow of systems
and processes that
sustain life.
27. Bibliography
Most of our images come
from www.commons.wikimedia.org
Our Information comes from www.
wikipedia.org and other sites.
