Open G-Cloud...come in...we're Open!

Open Governmnent Cloud
Open G-Cloud
… come in… we’re Open!

Flavia Marzano
flavia (.) marzano (@) gmail (.) com
Flavia Marzano 1

Cloud Computing Definition
“Cloud-Computing is a

convenient, on demand
model for network access to a
shared pool of configurable
computing resources (e.g.,
networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that
can be rapidly provisioned
and released with minimal
management effort or
service provider interaction.”

(US Agency National Institute of Standards
and Technology, NIST, http://www.nist.gov)

Flavia Marzano 2

Open Governmnent Cloud The Cloud Analysts
• IDC: By 2012, customer spending on IT cloud
services will grow almost threefold, to $42 billion.
• Gartner: 25% of New Business Software Will Be
Delivered As Software As A Service by 2011
• McKinsey: il Cloud computing non è
economicamente vantaggioso per le grandi
aziende
• Forrester: by 2016 the market USA $12 billion,
with 196 milion users

Flavia Marzano 3

Open Governmnent Cloud Forrester

Flavia Marzano 4

Openness and data control 1
Openness: a basic concept and a fundamental goal

for all the stakeholders (users/consumers,
enterprises, Public Administrations)
User
• should be able to control the data they store in
any product on the Cloud
• must be able to get data back and to change
cloud supplier at any time and without costs (or
with limited costs) and they must be able to
backup data also on their own computer (local
backup) and choosing terms and conditions.
Flavia Marzano 5

Business oriented cloud

providers will also benefit from
openness because people feel
safer when they have control
(people feel safer driving cars
than flying even if it is more
dangerous, just because they
have direct control).
When customers are locked in
they usually are not happy and http://www.flickr.com/photos/orsorama/48429731/

they not always get back to the
suppliers who locked them in.

Flavia Marzano 6

Public Administrations

• afraid of the lock in that they have already
experimented with the proprietary software
• PAs need open standards, open formats, open
data, and open source software, that should be
the default solutions.
• PAs need that the terms and conditions for the
use of cloud services include a clear and well
defined exit strategy.
• PAs might get better benefits from Cloud
Computing by adopting private or community
clouds.
Flavia Marzano 7

Technical aspects
All users have multiple suppliers and therefore need

interoperability.
European community and member States
established norms and regulations in order that
interoperability be granted by software and services
suppliers, even on the cloud.
Technologies must be as neutral as possible to
ensure the highest levels of interoperability and to
grant an easy and cheap (or better costless)
transition from a solution to another one, from a
cloud service provider to another one.

Flavia Marzano 8

Open solutions
To this purpose it is almost unavoidable to adopt

open solutions like:
 Open standards (as defined by
IETF, ISO, IEC, and ITU-T)
 Open formats (essential for
data import and export - Open
data (including open access
and open government data)
 Open source software (also to
reduce switching costs)
 Open web (implementation of
openness in web solutions and
regulations)
http://www.flickr.com/photos/creativecaos/2457990730/
Flavia Marzano 9

Open Governmnent Cloud Implementation…
Implementation requires creation of very simple tools
(clickable buttons) allowing user:

 Import / Export of data and services from/to
any platform, application, infrastructure, service
 Delete data, information, applications…

without costs and efforts
without the need of additional computer power
Broadband is a precondition!
Flavia Marzano 10

Convergence of media
(especially mobile ones) is

another element pushing
towards standardization and
facilitation of data control
and easy transfer by users.
Cloud computing is also
changing the role of IT
managers and CIOs because
they are no longer in charge of
managing all hardware and
software but they must be able
to handle and monitor the
network and the cloud services. http://www.flickr.com/photos/aldoaldoz/4157
667506/

Flavia Marzano 11

Economic aspects
• Openness favours free market and competition

• Competition increase quality
• Lack of lock-in increases customer trust and
therefore it favours active fidelisation
• Customers do not feel trapped and as a
consequence they are more ready to accept new
offers by their supplier
• Reduction (and transparency) of switching
costs is a condition for full fruition of the benefits
coming from openness in Cloud Computing
• PAs, in adopting Cloud Computing solutions, can
offer business opportunities to local
enterprises
Flavia Marzano 12

Open Governmnent Cloud Advantages of Cloud Computing
• Scale economy in acquisition and maintenance
• Cost and waste reduction
• Pay per use
• Scalability, flexibility, efficiency
• Business continuity and interoperability
• Massive storage capacity
• Independence from local hardware and software

Flavia Marzano 13

Open Governmnent Cloud Advantages of Cloud Computing
• De-localized access
• Increased competitiveness for SMEs
• Unified governance in PAs
• Higher security levels
• Easy data exchange between PAs easy
• Data retrieval and use in emergency situations

Flavia Marzano 14

Open Governmnent Cloud Neelie Kroes, VP EU commission
and responsible for the Digital Agenda:
“Users must be able to change their cloud provider
as fast and easily as changing one’s Internet or
mobile-phone provider has become in many
places. Interoperability is essential for the cloud
to be fair, open and competitive. International
standardization efforts will have a huge impact on
Cloud Computing. Open specifications are a key
in creating competitive and flourishing markets that
deliver what customers need.”

Flavia Marzano 15

Legal framework: concerns
• ownership and management (e.g. control,

deletion, maintenance) of data resulting from
collective production…
• privacy and ownership (sensible personal data)
• difficulty in switching cloud provider
• responsibility in case of data loss
• security of data
• jurisdiction
• copyright protection

http://www.ecologiae.com/riscaldamento-
globale-disastri-naturali/12550/
Flavia Marzano 16

No Cloud in Denmark?
Cloud Computing rejected by DPA, the Danish Data

Protection Agency on February 2011. DPA rejects
the Municipality of Odense’s use of cloud computing
to store certain sensitive information, primarily due to
important security issues and
recommends the use of ENISA’s
(EU Network and Information
Security Agency) checklist
(included in the publication “Cloud
computing – Benefits, risks and
recommendations for information
security”).
Foto: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nivesevin/443523541/#/photos/nivesevin/443523541/lightbox/

Flavia Marzano 17

Open Governmnent Cloud Legal framework: recommendations

• Neutrality of norms and regulations towards
technology
• Legal protection of data
• Data cannot be searched, seized and violated by
any authority without reasonable justification and
legal permission
• Data cannot be used by an unidentified user,
without previous permission, and for purposes
different from those allowed by their owner

Flavia Marzano 18


• Users must be allowed to know where their data
are stored and which technologies are needed to
handle them
• The provider’s business model must be declared
and transparent
• Portability and interoperability must be legally
ensured
• The possibility of fast and cheap switching must
be legally ensured

Flavia Marzano 19


• Open formats and open standards must be
legally enforced
• Technological barriers (digital divide) must be
reduced
• Terms of use must be fair also in Cloud
Computing
• SLA (Service Level Agreement) must be explicit
and must include a complete and transparent list
of services offered

Flavia Marzano 20

• Specific norms are needed in case of provider
bankrupt in order to ensure recovery of public
data
• Providers must be legally protected against
massive and unjustified input of data by users
• EU commission must define regulations and
policies following the evolution of the technological
context and the privacy framework must constantly
updated in order to leave space to innovation
• International standards must be flexible enough
to ensure the possibility of innovation

Flavia Marzano 21

…at least…
a. What do I buy? Services, software, hardware,…

b. Pay per use? What dust be included in the
balance?
c. Which SLA (Service Level Agreement)?

Flavia Marzano 22

Open Governmnent Cloud Openness... link
• Open Cloud Manifesto:
http://www.opencloudmanifesto.org

• Open G-Cloud Linkedin group:
www.linkedin.com/groups/Open-GCloud

• Open G-Cloud Facebook group:
www.facebook.com/groups/196370897070556/

Flavia Marzano 23

Thank you for your attention!
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Flavia Marzano
flavia -dot- marzano -at- gmail -dot- com

Flavia Marzano 24

Open G-Cloud...come in...we're Open!

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