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thepilif

My talk from Swissjs 2015 . This is about issues to keep in mind when localising software, showing some WTF moments that people probably don't keep in mind when the think about localisation.

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This talk lasts Localisation is easy
Administrative Notes
• @pilif on twitter • pilif on github • working at Sensational AG
• @pilif on twitter • pilif on github • working at Sensational AG • warming up to shirts
Thanks Richard for the Recording
About that 💩
Maybe ES6…?
My host name is a horrible spoiler if you're into JRPGs. Disregard
however…
close enough.
Back to the topic at hand
Let’s talk terms • Language is a language as it is spoken or written • Locale is the name given to a set of parameters that define how things should be done for users speaking a certain language in a certain place • There are many more locales than countries
Locale • Locales consist of a language… • … and a country • … and sometimes specific variants
Specifying locales • IETF BCP-47 document • See RFC 5646 and RFC 4647 • Use language-script-territory@modifier • POSIX uses language_territory.encoding@modifier
fr-Latn-CH
fr-CH
fr_CH.utf-8
The Locale affects many things
Number formatting • Probably the most obvious of the bunch. • Decimal separator • Thousands separator • Sign • Also: Currency information
Some Samples de-CH de-DE en-US decimal separator . , . thousands separator ' . ,
12,435 en-US twelve thousand four hundred and thirty five de-DE twelve comma four three five de-CH error
Date Formatting • Obviously names of months and weekdays • Order of distinct parts • Separator character • Commonly used formats in different contexts
Date Formatting • Libraries usually provide a generic short/ medium/long format • Libraries also provide templates • If your library’s template language has any characters that are not for replacement, they are doing it wrong • Apple does it right since 10.11 and iOS9
2015-07-18 17:47 Long Medium Short en-US July 18, 2015 at 4:58:00 PM CEST Jul 18, 2015, 4:58:00 PM 7/18/15, 4:58 PM fr-CA 18 juillet 2015 16:58:00 UTC+2 18 juil. 2015 16:58:00 15-07-18 16:58 fr-CH 18 juillet 2015 16:58:00 UTC+2 18 juil. 2015 16:58:00 18.07.15 16:58 fr-FR 18 juillet 2015 16:58:00 UTC+2 18 juil. 2015 16:58:00 18/07/2015 16:58
Choice of calendar • Most of the world is using the Gregorian calendar • The Julian calendar uses the same month names but is off by 13 days (they have July 5th right now) • Other calendars use different month names • Might affect holiday calculations
Collation order • How to compare to strings. Which one is first? • Where to put the characters with pesky accents? • How to deal with case differences? • What about non-latin scripts?
Collation fun* • Phonebook german vs. ordinary german, vs. Austrian german (dealing with umlauts) • Contractions (Spanish ch counts as one letter, ch in Czech sorts after h, but c after b, etc) • Handling of accents is language-dependent • Case insensitive is a mess
Case folding • Some languages don’t differentiate between upper- and lowercase • Inconsistent mapping between upper- and lowercase (ß => SS, the reverse is not always true) • Uppercasing accented characters is language (and sometimes locale) dependent. French characters often loose accents when uppercasing • Inconsistent uppercasing for some languages (uppercase turkish i is İ. Lowercase turkish I is ı)
Double the fun • Collation and Case-Folding provide an interesting team • Depending on locale, upper- and lowercase should be sorted together or apart • In some locales, case doesn’t matter at all when sorting • In some locales, case always matters when sorting • Depends on the use-case
Collation strength • icu created the concept of “collation strength” • strength 1 is the most lenient • strength 5 is the most exact • Example: Strength 2 removes accents unless the language is Danish
‘nough said RTL
Perspectives matter
Context matters • “This slide lasts one minute” • “This talk lasts 30 minutes” • “Lunch lasted 1:30 hours” • “Tomorrow I’ll sleep in” • “August, 1th is a national holiday”
Let’s get practical
Locale handling is like escaping • Always store raw unformatted data • Format near the end of the chain • Just before you escape • Parse user input as early as possible • Use native data types
UI Language is not locale • Users might prefer to use the os in a different language than what’s inferred by their locale • Just because I’m in de_CH it doesn’t mean I want your software to speak german to me • UI language is completely different from the users locale
Avoid this mess
Avoid this mess
Avoid this mess
Mixing Locales • Forming sentences in UI language with locale formatted data is… challenging • Be mindful that language might influence some locale formatting. • “This talk lasts ” • or rather “This talk lasts 30 minutes” • It depends. Does the locale also use hours and minutes?
Never be helpful* and translate units
1kg in de_CH is not 1lbs in en_US
Btw: Apple’s APIs are really good at this
What about web sites? • Never, ever infer UI language by IP Geolocation. People from Google: This slide is for you!
What about web sites? • Never, ever infer UI language by IP Geolocation. • Ever. Ever. EVER. People from Google: This slide is for you!
What about web sites? • Never, ever infer UI language by IP Geolocation. • Ever. Ever. EVER. • Promise! People from Google: This slide is for you!
What about web sites? • Never, ever infer UI language by IP Geolocation. • Ever. Ever. EVER. • Promise! • You may infer Locale from IP Geolocation though People from Google: This slide is for you!
Rely on HTTP • Trust Accept-Language - by now browser set it correctly • Use the header to determine UI language • Use the header to determine default locale • But ask the user • Same goes for time zones
SHOW ME SOME CODE ALREADY!!!
The past • There has always been date formatting (Date.toLocaleString). Mostly useless • People were self-nebling (search youtube for “ich neble selber”) for example in date pickers and libraries • hint: applying substr() to Date.toDateString() is not a correct solution. • same goes for using replace(‘.’, ‘,’) on a number
The present • Microsoft has donated a huge chunk of localisation code to the jQuery project. • It’s not integrated into jQuery, but maintained by the jQuery project • Check out https://github.com/jquery/globalize • Doesn’t support collation • The library is big • But most of it is data and this problem can only be solved with a huge database of special cases
Globalize.locale("fr-CH");
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {datetime: "medium" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {skeleton: "yMMMM" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatNumber(12345.6789));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatCurrency(1956.3334, "EUR"));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatRelativeTime(-35, "second"));
Globalize.locale("fr-CH");
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {datetime: "medium" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {skeleton: "yMMMM" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatNumber(12345.6789));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatCurrency(1956.3334, "EUR"));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatRelativeTime(-35, "second"));
Globalize.locale("fr-CH");
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {datetime: "medium" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {skeleton: "yMMMM" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatNumber(12345.6789));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatCurrency(1956.3334, "EUR"));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatRelativeTime(-35, "second"));
Globalize.locale("fr-CH");
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {datetime: "medium" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {skeleton: "yMMMM" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatNumber(12345.6789));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatCurrency(1956.3334, "EUR"));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatRelativeTime(-35, "second"));
Globalize.locale("fr-CH");
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {datetime: "medium" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {skeleton: "yMMMM" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatNumber(12345.6789));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatCurrency(1956.3334, "EUR"));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatRelativeTime(-35, "second"));
Globalize.locale("fr-CH");
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {datetime: "medium" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {skeleton: "yMMMM" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatNumber(12345.6789));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatCurrency(1956.3334, "EUR"));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatRelativeTime(-35, "second"));
Globalize.locale("fr-CH");
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {datetime: "medium" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {skeleton: "yMMMM" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatNumber(12345.6789));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatCurrency(1956.3334, "EUR"));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatRelativeTime(-35, "second"));
The future • ECMA-402 from 2012 • Yes. Specs from 2012 are “the future” in JS land • Provides the global Intl object • Date, Number formatting and Collation • see: http://www.ecma-international.org/ ecma-402/1.0/
Could be worse
node.js is still bikeshedding because icu
var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
Conclusion • Proper localisation is part of our job to make the web useful for everybody • Use the libraries provided • Whenever you think you know better than the library: No. You don’t. • Remember that UI language and Locale are not always connected • Don’t do IP geolocation for language choice • When in doubt: Ask the user. She’ll know for sure.
Before I leave
""".length […"""].length
In case you answered 11 and 8, I salute you
Thanks everyone and enjoy your evening
• U+1F468 (MAN) 👨 • U+200D (ZERO WIDTH JOINER) • U+2764 (HEAVY BLACK HEART) ❤ • U+FE0F (VARIATION SELECTOR-16) • U+200D (ZERO WIDTH JOINER) • U+1F48B (KISS MARK) 💋 • U+200D (ZERO WIDTH JOINER) • U+1F468 (MAN) 👨

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This talk lasts 三十分钟

  • 3. • @pilif on twitter • pilif on github • working at Sensational AG
  • 4. • @pilif on twitter • pilif on github • working at Sensational AG • warming up to shirts
  • 5. Thanks Richard for the Recording
  • 8. My host name is a horrible spoiler if you're into JRPGs. Disregard
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 13. Back to the topic at hand
  • 14. Let’s talk terms • Language is a language as it is spoken or written • Locale is the name given to a set of parameters that define how things should be done for users speaking a certain language in a certain place • There are many more locales than countries
  • 15. Locale • Locales consist of a language… • … and a country • … and sometimes specific variants
  • 16. Specifying locales • IETF BCP-47 document • See RFC 5646 and RFC 4647 • Use language-script-territory@modifier • POSIX uses language_territory.encoding@modifier
  • 18. fr-CH
  • 21. Number formatting • Probably the most obvious of the bunch. • Decimal separator • Thousands separator • Sign • Also: Currency information
  • 22. Some Samples de-CH de-DE en-US decimal separator . , . thousands separator ' . ,
  • 23. 12,435 en-US twelve thousand four hundred and thirty five de-DE twelve comma four three five de-CH error
  • 24. Date Formatting • Obviously names of months and weekdays • Order of distinct parts • Separator character • Commonly used formats in different contexts
  • 25. Date Formatting • Libraries usually provide a generic short/ medium/long format • Libraries also provide templates • If your library’s template language has any characters that are not for replacement, they are doing it wrong • Apple does it right since 10.11 and iOS9
  • 26. 2015-07-18 17:47 Long Medium Short en-US July 18, 2015 at 4:58:00 PM CEST Jul 18, 2015, 4:58:00 PM 7/18/15, 4:58 PM fr-CA 18 juillet 2015 16:58:00 UTC+2 18 juil. 2015 16:58:00 15-07-18 16:58 fr-CH 18 juillet 2015 16:58:00 UTC+2 18 juil. 2015 16:58:00 18.07.15 16:58 fr-FR 18 juillet 2015 16:58:00 UTC+2 18 juil. 2015 16:58:00 18/07/2015 16:58
  • 27. Choice of calendar • Most of the world is using the Gregorian calendar • The Julian calendar uses the same month names but is off by 13 days (they have July 5th right now) • Other calendars use different month names • Might affect holiday calculations
  • 28. Collation order • How to compare to strings. Which one is first? • Where to put the characters with pesky accents? • How to deal with case differences? • What about non-latin scripts?
  • 29. Collation fun* • Phonebook german vs. ordinary german, vs. Austrian german (dealing with umlauts) • Contractions (Spanish ch counts as one letter, ch in Czech sorts after h, but c after b, etc) • Handling of accents is language-dependent • Case insensitive is a mess
  • 30. Case folding • Some languages don’t differentiate between upper- and lowercase • Inconsistent mapping between upper- and lowercase (ß => SS, the reverse is not always true) • Uppercasing accented characters is language (and sometimes locale) dependent. French characters often loose accents when uppercasing • Inconsistent uppercasing for some languages (uppercase turkish i is İ. Lowercase turkish I is ı)
  • 31. Double the fun • Collation and Case-Folding provide an interesting team • Depending on locale, upper- and lowercase should be sorted together or apart • In some locales, case doesn’t matter at all when sorting • In some locales, case always matters when sorting • Depends on the use-case
  • 32. Collation strength • icu created the concept of “collation strength” • strength 1 is the most lenient • strength 5 is the most exact • Example: Strength 2 removes accents unless the language is Danish
  • 35. Context matters • “This slide lasts one minute” • “This talk lasts 30 minutes” • “Lunch lasted 1:30 hours” • “Tomorrow I’ll sleep in” • “August, 1th is a national holiday”
  • 37. Locale handling is like escaping • Always store raw unformatted data • Format near the end of the chain • Just before you escape • Parse user input as early as possible • Use native data types
  • 38. UI Language is not locale • Users might prefer to use the os in a different language than what’s inferred by their locale • Just because I’m in de_CH it doesn’t mean I want your software to speak german to me • UI language is completely different from the users locale
  • 42. Mixing Locales • Forming sentences in UI language with locale formatted data is… challenging • Be mindful that language might influence some locale formatting. • “This talk lasts ” • or rather “This talk lasts 30 minutes” • It depends. Does the locale also use hours and minutes?
  • 43. Never be helpful* and translate units
  • 44. 1kg in de_CH is not 1lbs in en_US
  • 45. Btw: Apple’s APIs are really good at this
  • 46. What about web sites? • Never, ever infer UI language by IP Geolocation. People from Google: This slide is for you!
  • 47. What about web sites? • Never, ever infer UI language by IP Geolocation. • Ever. Ever. EVER. People from Google: This slide is for you!
  • 48. What about web sites? • Never, ever infer UI language by IP Geolocation. • Ever. Ever. EVER. • Promise! People from Google: This slide is for you!
  • 49. What about web sites? • Never, ever infer UI language by IP Geolocation. • Ever. Ever. EVER. • Promise! • You may infer Locale from IP Geolocation though People from Google: This slide is for you!
  • 50. Rely on HTTP • Trust Accept-Language - by now browser set it correctly • Use the header to determine UI language • Use the header to determine default locale • But ask the user • Same goes for time zones
  • 51. SHOW ME SOME CODE ALREADY!!!
  • 52. The past • There has always been date formatting (Date.toLocaleString). Mostly useless • People were self-nebling (search youtube for “ich neble selber”) for example in date pickers and libraries • hint: applying substr() to Date.toDateString() is not a correct solution. • same goes for using replace(‘.’, ‘,’) on a number
  • 53. The present • Microsoft has donated a huge chunk of localisation code to the jQuery project. • It’s not integrated into jQuery, but maintained by the jQuery project • Check out https://github.com/jquery/globalize • Doesn’t support collation • The library is big • But most of it is data and this problem can only be solved with a huge database of special cases
  • 54. Globalize.locale("fr-CH");
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {datetime: "medium" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {skeleton: "yMMMM" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatNumber(12345.6789));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatCurrency(1956.3334, "EUR"));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatRelativeTime(-35, "second"));
  • 55. Globalize.locale("fr-CH");
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {datetime: "medium" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {skeleton: "yMMMM" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatNumber(12345.6789));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatCurrency(1956.3334, "EUR"));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatRelativeTime(-35, "second"));
  • 56. Globalize.locale("fr-CH");
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {datetime: "medium" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {skeleton: "yMMMM" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatNumber(12345.6789));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatCurrency(1956.3334, "EUR"));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatRelativeTime(-35, "second"));
  • 57. Globalize.locale("fr-CH");
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {datetime: "medium" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {skeleton: "yMMMM" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatNumber(12345.6789));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatCurrency(1956.3334, "EUR"));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatRelativeTime(-35, "second"));
  • 58. Globalize.locale("fr-CH");
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {datetime: "medium" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {skeleton: "yMMMM" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatNumber(12345.6789));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatCurrency(1956.3334, "EUR"));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatRelativeTime(-35, "second"));
  • 59. Globalize.locale("fr-CH");
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {datetime: "medium" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {skeleton: "yMMMM" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatNumber(12345.6789));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatCurrency(1956.3334, "EUR"));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatRelativeTime(-35, "second"));
  • 60. Globalize.locale("fr-CH");
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {datetime: "medium" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatDate(
 new Date(), {skeleton: "yMMMM" }
 ));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatNumber(12345.6789));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatCurrency(1956.3334, "EUR"));
 
 console.log(Globalize.formatRelativeTime(-35, "second"));
  • 61. The future • ECMA-402 from 2012 • Yes. Specs from 2012 are “the future” in JS land • Provides the global Intl object • Date, Number formatting and Collation • see: http://www.ecma-international.org/ ecma-402/1.0/
  • 64. var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
  • 65. var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
  • 66. var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
  • 67. var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
  • 68. var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
  • 69. var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
  • 70. var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
  • 71. var f = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('de-CH', {
 weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric',
 month: 'long', day: 'numeric'
 });
 console.log(f.format(new Date()));
 
 var n = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "decimal",
 minimumFractionDigits: 2
 });
 console.log(n.format(1234.5));
 
 var currency = new Intl.NumberFormat('de-CH', {
 style: "currency",
 currency: 'EUR'
 });
 console.log(currency.format(1234.5));
 
 var comp = new Intl.Collator('de-CH');
 var words = [
 "Swissjs", "swissjs", "is",
 "loads", "of", "fun"
 ];
 console.log(words.sort(comp));
  • 72. Conclusion • Proper localisation is part of our job to make the web useful for everybody • Use the libraries provided • Whenever you think you know better than the library: No. You don’t. • Remember that UI language and Locale are not always connected • Don’t do IP geolocation for language choice • When in doubt: Ask the user. She’ll know for sure.
  • 75. In case you answered 11 and 8, I salute you
  • 77. • U+1F468 (MAN) 👨 • U+200D (ZERO WIDTH JOINER) • U+2764 (HEAVY BLACK HEART) ❤ • U+FE0F (VARIATION SELECTOR-16) • U+200D (ZERO WIDTH JOINER) • U+1F48B (KISS MARK) 💋 • U+200D (ZERO WIDTH JOINER) • U+1F468 (MAN) 👨