SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 88
Presentation on Song of Solomon
Preview
Preview Conflict
Preview Conflict Correction
Conflict
Conflict
Conflict
Conflict Desire to own things confines freedom.
Conflict Desire to own things confines freedom.
Peacock cannot fly high “How come it can’t fly no better than a chicken?” Milkman asked. “Too much tail. All that jewelry weighs it down. Like vanity.” Morrison, 179
Different Solutions
Different Solutions
Different Solutions
Robert gave up life for freedom “I will take off from Mercy and fly away on my own wings.” Morrison, 3
Different Solutions
Ruth indulges in her relation It was one of her two secret indulgences –the one that involved her son—and part of the pleasure it gave her came from the room in which she did it. Morrison, 13
Ruth indulges in her relation “That’s so,” said Ruth in a thin but steady voice. “I certainly am my daddy’s daughter.” She smiled. Morrison, 67
Symbol They [flowers/“love”] were smothering her [Ruth], taking away her breath with their soft jagged lips. And she merely smiled and fought them off as though they were harmless butterflies. Morrison, 105
Symbol She [Corinthians]… would have smashed her fist through the window just to touch him, feel his heat, the only thing that could protect her from a smothering death of dry roses. Morrison, 199
Different Solutions
Hagar’s “love” for Milkman And then, aloud, [Hagar said,] “He [Milkman] is my home in this world.” Morrison, 137
Hagar’s “love” for Milkman Killing, ice-pick-wielding Hagar, who, shortly after a Christmas thank-you note, found herself each month searching the barrels and cupboards and basement shelves for some comfortably portable weapon with which to murder her true love. Morrison, 126
Different Solutions
Guitar’s “love” [Guitar:] “No love? No love? Didn’t you hear me? What I’m doing ain’t about hating white people. It’s about loving us. About loving you. My whole life is love.” Morrison, 159
Guitar’s “love” [Guitar:] “It is about love. What else but love?” Morrison, 223
Different Solutions
Macon Dead II “I ain’t aiming to get him down. I’m aiming to get my money down. He can go on and die up there if he wants to. But if he don’t toss me my rent, I’m going to blow him out of that window.” Morrison, 24
Different Solutions
Different Solutions
Different Solutions
Solomon flew away “… he [Solomon] disappeared and left everybody. Wife, everybody, including some twenty-one children.” Morrison, 322
Different Solutions
Pilate “You can’t take a life and walk off and leave it. Life is life. Precious. And the dead you kill is yours. They stay with you anyway, in your mind. So it’s a better thing, a more better thing to have the bones right there with you wherever you go.” Morrison, 208
Pilate “You just can’t fly on off and leave a body.” Morrison, 332
Pilate Symbol: Naval—Relation
Different Solutions
Milkman Mr. Smith’s blue silk wings must have left their mark, because when the little boy [Milkman] discovered, at four, the same thing Mr. Smith had learned earlier—that only birds and airplanes could fly—he lost all interest in himself. Morrison, 332
Different Solutions
Conflict Desire to own things confines freedom.
Solution Don’t try to own things.
Solution
Solution
Solution
Solution
Don’t try to own love No one deserves love. No one can own love.
Most people think they deserve love
Most people think they deserve love Her [Ruth] confirmed, eternal love of him, love that he didn’t even have to earn or deserve, seemed to him natural. Morrison, 79
No one deserves love It sounded old. Deserve. Old and tired and beaten to death. Deserve. Now it seemed to him [Milkman] that he was always saying or thinking that he didn’t deserve some bad luck, or some bad treatment from others. Morrison, 276
No one deserves love Apparently he [Milkman] thought he deserved only to be loved—from a distance, though—and given what he wanted. And in return he would be…what? Pleasant? Generous? Maybe all he was really saying was: I am not responsible for your pain; share your happiness with me but not your unhappiness. Morrison, 277
Most people try to own love
Most people try to own love [Porter:] “I don’t want a doll baby. I want a woman.” Morrison, 196
Contrast / Irony [Porter:] “I don’t want a doll baby. I want a woman.” Morrison, 196 [Porter:] Friendship is an outstretched hand, A smile of warm devotion. I offer both to you this day, With all the heart’s emotion. Morrison, 193
No one can own love [Guitar:] “Hagar, don’t. It’s a bad word,  ‘belong.’ Especially when you put it with somebody you love. Love shouldn’t be like that.” Morrison, 306
No one can own love [Guitar:] “You can’t own a human being. You can’t lose what you don’t own.” Morrison, 306
Don’t try to own love No one deserves love. No one can own love.
Solution
Most people try to own things
Macon Dead II “Let me tell you right now the one important thing you’ll ever need to know: own things. And let the things you own own other things. Then you’ll own yourself and other people too.” Morrison, 55
Desire for wealth Life, safety, and luxury fanned out before him [Macon Dead II] like the tail-spread of a peacock. Morrison, 170
Solution
Guitar [Milkman:] “Why worry about the colored woman at all?” Guitar cocked his head and looked sideways at Milkman. His nostrils flared a little. “Because she’s mine.” Morrison, 223
Ruth And then, aloud, [Hagar said,] “He is my home in this world.” “And I am his,” said Ruth. Morrison, 137
Macon Dead II Macon was delighted. His son belonged to him now and not to Ruth. Morrison, 63
Solution
Solution Don’t try to own things.
Solution Don’t try to own things.
Solution Don’t try to own things.
Solution
Solution
Solution For now he knew what Shalimar knew: If you surrendered to the air, you could ride it. Morrison, 337
Limitations of the Solution
The novel Starts and Ends with a Leap
Start with a Leap Downtown the firemen pulled on their greatcoats, but when they arrived at Mercy, Mr. Smith had seen the rose petals, heard the music, and leaped on into the air. Morrison, 9
End with a Leap Without wiping away the tears, taking a deep breath, or even bending his knees—he [Milkman] leaped. Morrison, 337
Limitations of the Solution
Limitations of the Solution
Limitations of the Solution
Limitations of the Solution Everyone who chooses to fly dies.
Disaffection with the Society [Macon Dead II:] “Pilate can’t teach you a thing you can use in this world. Maybe the next, but not this one.” Morrison, 55
Limitations of the Solution Perhaps that’s what all human relationships boiled down to: Would you save my life? Or would you take it? Morrison, 331
Ambivalent Attitude
Advantages of a novel Multiple themes Not necessarily a theory/conclusion
Conclusion
Conclusion There’s a conflict between people’s desire to own things and their freedom.
Conclusion There’s a conflict between people’s desire to own things and their freedom. A person cannot fly high if he owns too many things.
Conclusion There’s a conflict between people’s desire to own things and their freedom. A person cannot fly high if he owns too many things. One way to solve the conflict is to try to not own things.
Conclusion There’s a conflict between people’s desire to own things and their freedom. A person cannot fly high if he owns too many things. One way to solve the conflict is to try to not own things. However, this is an idealized solution and not very feasible in this society.
Song of solomon

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Ähnlich wie Song of solomon

Professor Porter EN 102 !Model Outline for EN 102 Essays.docx
Professor Porter EN 102 !Model Outline for EN 102 Essays.docxProfessor Porter EN 102 !Model Outline for EN 102 Essays.docx
Professor Porter EN 102 !Model Outline for EN 102 Essays.docx
wkyra78
 
Emotional argumentation3
Emotional argumentation3Emotional argumentation3
Emotional argumentation3
nstearns
 
Tuesdays powerpointmorrie
Tuesdays powerpointmorrieTuesdays powerpointmorrie
Tuesdays powerpointmorrie
kelseyschadt
 

Ähnlich wie Song of solomon (7)

Analytical Essay On Country Lovers
Analytical Essay On Country LoversAnalytical Essay On Country Lovers
Analytical Essay On Country Lovers
 
Professor Porter EN 102 !Model Outline for EN 102 Essays.docx
Professor Porter EN 102 !Model Outline for EN 102 Essays.docxProfessor Porter EN 102 !Model Outline for EN 102 Essays.docx
Professor Porter EN 102 !Model Outline for EN 102 Essays.docx
 
Emotional argumentation3
Emotional argumentation3Emotional argumentation3
Emotional argumentation3
 
Power of Goodness and Entering Evil
Power of Goodness and Entering EvilPower of Goodness and Entering Evil
Power of Goodness and Entering Evil
 
Tuesdays powerpointmorrie
Tuesdays powerpointmorrieTuesdays powerpointmorrie
Tuesdays powerpointmorrie
 
Song Of Solomon Essays
Song Of Solomon EssaysSong Of Solomon Essays
Song Of Solomon Essays
 
Death and/or Risk of Death
Death and/or Risk of DeathDeath and/or Risk of Death
Death and/or Risk of Death
 

Mehr von Jia (6)

Reading Group Presentation
Reading Group PresentationReading Group Presentation
Reading Group Presentation
 
Woman Warrior Oral Presentation
Woman Warrior Oral PresentationWoman Warrior Oral Presentation
Woman Warrior Oral Presentation
 
Area of impact -banking and finance
Area of impact -banking and financeArea of impact -banking and finance
Area of impact -banking and finance
 
Composition rules
Composition rulesComposition rules
Composition rules
 
The Stranger
The StrangerThe Stranger
The Stranger
 
Why Monopoly
Why MonopolyWhy Monopoly
Why Monopoly
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Call Girls In Goa 9316020077 Goa Call Girl By Indian Call Girls Goa
Call Girls In Goa  9316020077 Goa  Call Girl By Indian Call Girls GoaCall Girls In Goa  9316020077 Goa  Call Girl By Indian Call Girls Goa
Call Girls In Goa 9316020077 Goa Call Girl By Indian Call Girls Goa
sexy call girls service in goa
 
Goa Call "Girls Service 9316020077 Call "Girls in Goa
Goa Call "Girls  Service   9316020077 Call "Girls in GoaGoa Call "Girls  Service   9316020077 Call "Girls in Goa
Goa Call "Girls Service 9316020077 Call "Girls in Goa
sexy call girls service in goa
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

VIP Model Call Girls Budhwar Peth ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5...
VIP Model Call Girls Budhwar Peth ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5...VIP Model Call Girls Budhwar Peth ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5...
VIP Model Call Girls Budhwar Peth ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From 5...
 
Independent Garulia Escorts ✔ 9332606886✔ Full Night With Room Online Booking...
Independent Garulia Escorts ✔ 9332606886✔ Full Night With Room Online Booking...Independent Garulia Escorts ✔ 9332606886✔ Full Night With Room Online Booking...
Independent Garulia Escorts ✔ 9332606886✔ Full Night With Room Online Booking...
 
❤Personal Whatsapp Number Keylong Call Girls 8617697112 💦✅.
❤Personal Whatsapp Number Keylong Call Girls 8617697112 💦✅.❤Personal Whatsapp Number Keylong Call Girls 8617697112 💦✅.
❤Personal Whatsapp Number Keylong Call Girls 8617697112 💦✅.
 
Sonagachi ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Rea...
Sonagachi ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Rea...Sonagachi ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Rea...
Sonagachi ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sexy Bhabi Rea...
 
Model Call Girls In Pazhavanthangal WhatsApp Booking 7427069034 call girl ser...
Model Call Girls In Pazhavanthangal WhatsApp Booking 7427069034 call girl ser...Model Call Girls In Pazhavanthangal WhatsApp Booking 7427069034 call girl ser...
Model Call Girls In Pazhavanthangal WhatsApp Booking 7427069034 call girl ser...
 
Borum Call Girls Service ☎ ️93326-06886 ❤️‍🔥 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service
Borum Call Girls Service ☎ ️93326-06886 ❤️‍🔥 Enjoy 24/7 Escort ServiceBorum Call Girls Service ☎ ️93326-06886 ❤️‍🔥 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service
Borum Call Girls Service ☎ ️93326-06886 ❤️‍🔥 Enjoy 24/7 Escort Service
 
Model Call Girls In Velappanchavadi WhatsApp Booking 7427069034 call girl ser...
Model Call Girls In Velappanchavadi WhatsApp Booking 7427069034 call girl ser...Model Call Girls In Velappanchavadi WhatsApp Booking 7427069034 call girl ser...
Model Call Girls In Velappanchavadi WhatsApp Booking 7427069034 call girl ser...
 
VIP Model Call Girls Koregaon Park ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From ...
VIP Model Call Girls Koregaon Park ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From ...VIP Model Call Girls Koregaon Park ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From ...
VIP Model Call Girls Koregaon Park ( Pune ) Call ON 8005736733 Starting From ...
 
Independent Hatiara Escorts ✔ 9332606886✔ Full Night With Room Online Booking...
Independent Hatiara Escorts ✔ 9332606886✔ Full Night With Room Online Booking...Independent Hatiara Escorts ✔ 9332606886✔ Full Night With Room Online Booking...
Independent Hatiara Escorts ✔ 9332606886✔ Full Night With Room Online Booking...
 
Top Rated Pune Call Girls Pimpri Chinchwad ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuin...
Top Rated  Pune Call Girls Pimpri Chinchwad ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuin...Top Rated  Pune Call Girls Pimpri Chinchwad ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuin...
Top Rated Pune Call Girls Pimpri Chinchwad ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuin...
 
↑Top Model (Kolkata) Call Girls Sonagachi ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
↑Top Model (Kolkata) Call Girls Sonagachi ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...↑Top Model (Kolkata) Call Girls Sonagachi ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
↑Top Model (Kolkata) Call Girls Sonagachi ⟟ 8250192130 ⟟ High Class Call Girl...
 
Call Girls Manjri Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Manjri Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance BookingCall Girls Manjri Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
Call Girls Manjri Call Me 7737669865 Budget Friendly No Advance Booking
 
Call Girls In Goa 9316020077 Goa Call Girl By Indian Call Girls Goa
Call Girls In Goa  9316020077 Goa  Call Girl By Indian Call Girls GoaCall Girls In Goa  9316020077 Goa  Call Girl By Indian Call Girls Goa
Call Girls In Goa 9316020077 Goa Call Girl By Indian Call Girls Goa
 
Goa Call "Girls Service 9316020077 Call "Girls in Goa
Goa Call "Girls  Service   9316020077 Call "Girls in GoaGoa Call "Girls  Service   9316020077 Call "Girls in Goa
Goa Call "Girls Service 9316020077 Call "Girls in Goa
 
Kanpur call girls 📞 8617697112 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Kanpur call girls 📞 8617697112 At Low Cost Cash Payment BookingKanpur call girls 📞 8617697112 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
Kanpur call girls 📞 8617697112 At Low Cost Cash Payment Booking
 
Independent Sonagachi Escorts ✔ 9332606886✔ Full Night With Room Online Booki...
Independent Sonagachi Escorts ✔ 9332606886✔ Full Night With Room Online Booki...Independent Sonagachi Escorts ✔ 9332606886✔ Full Night With Room Online Booki...
Independent Sonagachi Escorts ✔ 9332606886✔ Full Night With Room Online Booki...
 
Science City Kolkata ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sex...
Science City Kolkata ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sex...Science City Kolkata ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sex...
Science City Kolkata ( Call Girls ) Kolkata ✔ 6297143586 ✔ Hot Model With Sex...
 
5* Hotels Call Girls In Goa {{07028418221}} Call Girls In North Goa Escort Se...
5* Hotels Call Girls In Goa {{07028418221}} Call Girls In North Goa Escort Se...5* Hotels Call Girls In Goa {{07028418221}} Call Girls In North Goa Escort Se...
5* Hotels Call Girls In Goa {{07028418221}} Call Girls In North Goa Escort Se...
 
Top Rated Kolkata Call Girls Khardah ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex S...
Top Rated Kolkata Call Girls Khardah ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex S...Top Rated Kolkata Call Girls Khardah ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex S...
Top Rated Kolkata Call Girls Khardah ⟟ 6297143586 ⟟ Call Me For Genuine Sex S...
 
📞 Contact Number 8617697112 VIP Ganderbal Call Girls
📞 Contact Number 8617697112 VIP Ganderbal Call Girls📞 Contact Number 8617697112 VIP Ganderbal Call Girls
📞 Contact Number 8617697112 VIP Ganderbal Call Girls
 

Song of solomon

  • 1. Presentation on Song of Solomon
  • 8. Conflict Desire to own things confines freedom.
  • 9. Conflict Desire to own things confines freedom.
  • 10. Peacock cannot fly high “How come it can’t fly no better than a chicken?” Milkman asked. “Too much tail. All that jewelry weighs it down. Like vanity.” Morrison, 179
  • 14. Robert gave up life for freedom “I will take off from Mercy and fly away on my own wings.” Morrison, 3
  • 16. Ruth indulges in her relation It was one of her two secret indulgences –the one that involved her son—and part of the pleasure it gave her came from the room in which she did it. Morrison, 13
  • 17. Ruth indulges in her relation “That’s so,” said Ruth in a thin but steady voice. “I certainly am my daddy’s daughter.” She smiled. Morrison, 67
  • 18. Symbol They [flowers/“love”] were smothering her [Ruth], taking away her breath with their soft jagged lips. And she merely smiled and fought them off as though they were harmless butterflies. Morrison, 105
  • 19. Symbol She [Corinthians]… would have smashed her fist through the window just to touch him, feel his heat, the only thing that could protect her from a smothering death of dry roses. Morrison, 199
  • 21. Hagar’s “love” for Milkman And then, aloud, [Hagar said,] “He [Milkman] is my home in this world.” Morrison, 137
  • 22. Hagar’s “love” for Milkman Killing, ice-pick-wielding Hagar, who, shortly after a Christmas thank-you note, found herself each month searching the barrels and cupboards and basement shelves for some comfortably portable weapon with which to murder her true love. Morrison, 126
  • 24. Guitar’s “love” [Guitar:] “No love? No love? Didn’t you hear me? What I’m doing ain’t about hating white people. It’s about loving us. About loving you. My whole life is love.” Morrison, 159
  • 25. Guitar’s “love” [Guitar:] “It is about love. What else but love?” Morrison, 223
  • 27. Macon Dead II “I ain’t aiming to get him down. I’m aiming to get my money down. He can go on and die up there if he wants to. But if he don’t toss me my rent, I’m going to blow him out of that window.” Morrison, 24
  • 31. Solomon flew away “… he [Solomon] disappeared and left everybody. Wife, everybody, including some twenty-one children.” Morrison, 322
  • 33. Pilate “You can’t take a life and walk off and leave it. Life is life. Precious. And the dead you kill is yours. They stay with you anyway, in your mind. So it’s a better thing, a more better thing to have the bones right there with you wherever you go.” Morrison, 208
  • 34. Pilate “You just can’t fly on off and leave a body.” Morrison, 332
  • 37. Milkman Mr. Smith’s blue silk wings must have left their mark, because when the little boy [Milkman] discovered, at four, the same thing Mr. Smith had learned earlier—that only birds and airplanes could fly—he lost all interest in himself. Morrison, 332
  • 39. Conflict Desire to own things confines freedom.
  • 40. Solution Don’t try to own things.
  • 45. Don’t try to own love No one deserves love. No one can own love.
  • 46. Most people think they deserve love
  • 47. Most people think they deserve love Her [Ruth] confirmed, eternal love of him, love that he didn’t even have to earn or deserve, seemed to him natural. Morrison, 79
  • 48. No one deserves love It sounded old. Deserve. Old and tired and beaten to death. Deserve. Now it seemed to him [Milkman] that he was always saying or thinking that he didn’t deserve some bad luck, or some bad treatment from others. Morrison, 276
  • 49. No one deserves love Apparently he [Milkman] thought he deserved only to be loved—from a distance, though—and given what he wanted. And in return he would be…what? Pleasant? Generous? Maybe all he was really saying was: I am not responsible for your pain; share your happiness with me but not your unhappiness. Morrison, 277
  • 50. Most people try to own love
  • 51. Most people try to own love [Porter:] “I don’t want a doll baby. I want a woman.” Morrison, 196
  • 52. Contrast / Irony [Porter:] “I don’t want a doll baby. I want a woman.” Morrison, 196 [Porter:] Friendship is an outstretched hand, A smile of warm devotion. I offer both to you this day, With all the heart’s emotion. Morrison, 193
  • 53. No one can own love [Guitar:] “Hagar, don’t. It’s a bad word, ‘belong.’ Especially when you put it with somebody you love. Love shouldn’t be like that.” Morrison, 306
  • 54. No one can own love [Guitar:] “You can’t own a human being. You can’t lose what you don’t own.” Morrison, 306
  • 55. Don’t try to own love No one deserves love. No one can own love.
  • 57. Most people try to own things
  • 58. Macon Dead II “Let me tell you right now the one important thing you’ll ever need to know: own things. And let the things you own own other things. Then you’ll own yourself and other people too.” Morrison, 55
  • 59. Desire for wealth Life, safety, and luxury fanned out before him [Macon Dead II] like the tail-spread of a peacock. Morrison, 170
  • 61. Guitar [Milkman:] “Why worry about the colored woman at all?” Guitar cocked his head and looked sideways at Milkman. His nostrils flared a little. “Because she’s mine.” Morrison, 223
  • 62. Ruth And then, aloud, [Hagar said,] “He is my home in this world.” “And I am his,” said Ruth. Morrison, 137
  • 63. Macon Dead II Macon was delighted. His son belonged to him now and not to Ruth. Morrison, 63
  • 65. Solution Don’t try to own things.
  • 66. Solution Don’t try to own things.
  • 67. Solution Don’t try to own things.
  • 70. Solution For now he knew what Shalimar knew: If you surrendered to the air, you could ride it. Morrison, 337
  • 71. Limitations of the Solution
  • 72. The novel Starts and Ends with a Leap
  • 73. Start with a Leap Downtown the firemen pulled on their greatcoats, but when they arrived at Mercy, Mr. Smith had seen the rose petals, heard the music, and leaped on into the air. Morrison, 9
  • 74. End with a Leap Without wiping away the tears, taking a deep breath, or even bending his knees—he [Milkman] leaped. Morrison, 337
  • 75. Limitations of the Solution
  • 76. Limitations of the Solution
  • 77. Limitations of the Solution
  • 78. Limitations of the Solution Everyone who chooses to fly dies.
  • 79. Disaffection with the Society [Macon Dead II:] “Pilate can’t teach you a thing you can use in this world. Maybe the next, but not this one.” Morrison, 55
  • 80. Limitations of the Solution Perhaps that’s what all human relationships boiled down to: Would you save my life? Or would you take it? Morrison, 331
  • 82. Advantages of a novel Multiple themes Not necessarily a theory/conclusion
  • 84. Conclusion There’s a conflict between people’s desire to own things and their freedom.
  • 85. Conclusion There’s a conflict between people’s desire to own things and their freedom. A person cannot fly high if he owns too many things.
  • 86. Conclusion There’s a conflict between people’s desire to own things and their freedom. A person cannot fly high if he owns too many things. One way to solve the conflict is to try to not own things.
  • 87. Conclusion There’s a conflict between people’s desire to own things and their freedom. A person cannot fly high if he owns too many things. One way to solve the conflict is to try to not own things. However, this is an idealized solution and not very feasible in this society.