AQA Geography Revision Restless earth

1. Restless Earth
Lesson 1

2. Command words tell you exactly what type of information the examiner wants.
Compare: Write Justify: You could be
what is similar and Explain/give reasons: You are asked to justify a decision
different between now being asked to say why you have made. Explain
two pieces of something you have already your choices in terms of
information. Use described is happening. Use why they are better than
the word ‘whereas’ ‘because’ to help you answer other options open to you.
to help you these questions. There are often
compare. two marks awarded for giving
just one reason. Where this
happens you will be expected to
give a simple statement and its Measure: You may be
elaboration. asked to measure on a
Suggest: This is
map or graph. Don’t
similar to explain but
guess – measure
tells you that you
accurately using the scale
are expected to
provided.
bring in ideas and
understanding of our
own and is not What is meant by?: You are
provided on the being asked to give a
paper. definition of a geographical Describe: Just write
term. You must know the what you see. You may
main terms for each of the be asked to describe
four Units. When asked for a what you see on a photo,
definition, giving an example graph or map. Do not
is not enough. explain if you are only
asked to describe.

3. But I don’t know how to revise! Here are some strategies you could use…
• Flashcards: On small cards, summarise a case study into one (or both) sides of the cards and refer to it
regularly. Make sure that you include key facts and number as you condense the case study to fit the card.
• Colour coding: colour code large pieces of text into sections. For example, it could be the social,
economic and environmental impacts of the London Docklands Redevelopment
• Memory tests: You could look at an important diagram (erg the cross section of a meander) for 20
seconds, then cover it over and draw what you remember. Then give yourself another 20 seconds to see
what you missed and add it in. Eventually, you will be able to draw the sketch without looking at a copy.
• Key words test: You could ask someone to read out 10 definitions and you have to say what the key word
is. Then you could try it the other way around which is harder with someone giving you a key word to define.
• Spider diagrams (mind maps): Write a key theme in the centre of an A3 piece of paper. Write the sub-
themes around it with important ideas and case studies to back them up. Look at the example of migration
on the next page to help you. Stick your finished spider diagram somewhere visible where you will be able
to refer to it often (e.g. fridge door, bedroom wall). Take a look at the migration spiderdiagram on the
next page!
• Practice exam questions: Look at the examples of past case study questions. Practice writing responses
to these questions using the flashcards or colour coded case studies you have created.
• Summarising: Condense a section of text into a set number of bullet points.
• Reading aloud: Read a case study summary aloud, then try to say aloud all the facts and figures you
remember without the summary. You could also read your keyword lists aloud.
• Repeated writing: Copy out pieces of information more than one time (five times would be appropriate).
The repetition will help you to fix the facts in your memory.

4.  Study Figure 1, which shows the earths tectonic plates.
(b) Name the type of plate margin labelled A in Figure 1
and explain why new crust forms there.
(3 marks)
Figure 1 ^

5. Figure 1
At the plate margin labelled C in Figure 1, continental crust meets
oceanic crust. Describe how continental crust is different from
oceanic crust. ( 2 marks)
Continental crust has less heavy minerals than oceanic
crust and consequently is lower in density. Because of this it
floats higher in the mantle than oceanic crust, and when a
tectonic collision occurs between continental and oceanic
plates the lighter continental plate overrides an oceanic plate
and is forced upward, while the oceanic plate subducts.

6. Part (b)
The San Andreas Fault is labelled B in Figure 1. Crust
is neither formed or destroyed at this plate margin.
What is this type of plate called?
(1 mark)
Figure 1 ^

7. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bf4iJvrAv-M
 Watch the short video and explain how volcanoes
are formed.
 You should be able to give 3 ways and examples.
http://geobytesgcse.blogspot.co.uk/2007/01/plate-boundaries.html
http://geobytesgcse.blogspot.co.uk/2007/01/volcanoes.htm

8. Draw a quick sketch and annotate

9. What is a Super Volcano?
 Be able to describe the shape.
 The consequences of an eruption.
 Named example with information.

10. Yellowstone, Montana super volcano USA
• Last erupted 630 000 years ago
• They do not have cones like regular volcanoes, they have depressions called calderas
• Magma chamber underneath is 80km long, 40km wide, 8km deep
• Calderas
– Rising magma cannot escape and forms a bulge
-Cracks appear, gas and ash erupt from magma chamber
- Chamber collapses forming caldera
Effects likely to refer to impact in immediate area of an eruption –
•Many deaths (87000 predicted),
• large ash cloud rising 40 – 50km into atmosphere, ash 15cm think covering
buildings within 10000km.
•flights suspended.
• livestock and farmland affected.
•The UK would see the arrival of the ash 5 days after the eruption.
•Temperatures would fall between 12 and 15 degrees. Parts of Europe and
America and Asia would see constant snow cover for 3 years.
Crops would fail, monsoon rains would fail, 40% of population could face
starvation.

11. Fold Mountain, How are they formed and their uses.
Andes
Farming
• Subsistence farmers grow subsistence crops on the steep slopes (potatoes)
•Terraces creates flat land on slopes – retains water and limits movement of soil.
Cash crops like soybeans , cotton and rice are grown in the lower valley.
• Llamas are used for transport of materials for irrigation and building (to inaccessible areas)
• Llamas carry over 25% of their weight (125-200kg)
•Used in mining industry
Females are for meat, milk and wool for clothes.
H.E.P – steep, narrow valley are suitable for construction of dams and steep
relief gives fast flowing water needed to turn the turbines. Peru has a number
of schemes, including Yuncan project and El Platinal project that is under
construction.
Mining
•Andean countries range in top 10 for tin, nickel, silver, and gold.
• over ½ exports are in mining
•Yanacocha mine is largest gold mine (US has 51% shares)led to growth of
Nearby Cajamarca had its population increase from 30 000 240 000. Results in increased
crime and lack of services.
Tourism – high mountains provide spectacular scenery of high peaks, valleys,
lakes and glaciers. In addition, there are ancient areas of settlement such as
Macchu Picchu and the Inca Trail – a 45km trek in the mountains.

12. Time for
reflection
!
•Working with a partner talk for one minute
about the content of today's lesson
What went well?
Where you need to revise in
more depth.
Be honest with your self