1. T.Chhay NPIC
II.lkçN³énebtugGarem:
1> ktþaC³T§iBldl;ersIusþg;ebtug
CaTUeTAebtugCasMPar³ EdlekItBIkarrYmpSMeLIgeday fμbMEbk xSac; sIum:g;t¾ nigTwk EtkñúgkrNIxøH Rb
ePTepSg²énTwkfñaMKImIk¾RtUv)anbEnßmedIm,IehtuplepSg². sMPar³TaMgenH)anlaypSMKña rYcRtUv)ancak;cUl
kñúgBum< TukeGaykkrwgedIm,IeGayersIusþg;rbs;vaekIneLIgCabnþbnÞab;. ersIusþg;rbs;ebtugvaGaRs½yeTAelI
ktþaCaeRcIn ehIyvaGacERbRbYlsMrab;karplitdUcKña. ktþacMbgsMxan;²EdlCHT§iBldl;ersIusþg;ebtugman³
- pleFobTwk-sIum:g;t¾ (water-cement ratio)³ vaCaktþaEdlsMxan;CageK EdlCHT§iBleTAelIersIusþg;
rbs;ebtug. edIm,IsMercnUvGIuRdakmμrbs;sIum:gt¾ pleFobTwk-sIum:g;t¾ EdlRtUvkarcM)ac;RtUvesIμnwg 0.25 KitCa
m:as;;. pleFobTwk-sIum:g;t¾ EdlmantMélFMCag b¤esμInwg 0.35 edayKμanlayTwkfñaMKImI RtUv)aneRbIsMrab;eb
tugedIm,ImUlehtugayRsYleFVIkar. enAeBlEdl pleFobTwk-sIum:g;t¾ mantMélkan;EtFM enaHersIusþg;ebs;eb
tugkan;EtmantMéltUc.
- lkçN³ nigsmamaRténsmasPaBénebtug³ ebtugCakarrYmpSMeLIgeday fμbMEbk xSac; sIum:g;t¾ nig
Twk. karekIneLIgnUvbrimaNebtug nigkareRbIR)as;nUvfμbMEbkEdlmanlkçN³ÉksNæan eFVIeGayersIusþg;eb
tugekIneLIg. TwkfñaMKImIBIessk¾RtUv)anbEnßmedIm,IplitnUvebtugEdlmanKuNPaB nigersIusþg;tamtMrUvkar.
- viFIlay nigkarEfTaM³ kareRbIR)as;nUvm:asIunlayebtug nigry³eBlRtwmRtUvkñúgkarlaysuT§EtCYysM
ralnUvT§iBlEdlb:HBal;dl;ersIusþg;ebtug. dUcKña kareRbIR)as;nUvm:asIunbgðab;ebtug vibrator edIm,IeFVIeGay
ebtughab;ENn CYyeGayPaKryrn§es<atkñúgebtugXiteTArktMélGb,brma. pleFobrn§es<at 5% eFVIeGay
ersIusþg;ebtugFøak;cuH 30% . karEfTaMebtugk¾CaktþamYyd¾sMxan;EdlmanT§iBlelIersIusþg;rbs;ebtugEdr.
TaMgsMeNIm nigsIutuNðPaBsuT§EtmanT§iBledaypÞal;eTAelIGIuRdatkmμrbs;sIum:g;t¾. ry³eBlénkarmansM
eNImkan;EtEvg ersIusþg;kan;EtekIneLIg. RbsinebIsItuNðPaBkñúgGMLúgeBlénkarEfTaMekInx<s;CagsItuNð-
PaBkñúgGMLúgeBlénkarcak;ebtug CalT§plebtugmanersIusþg;tamtMrUvkarmun 28éf¶ .
- Gayuebtug³ ersIusþg;rbs;ebtugekIneLIgtamGayurbs;va ehIyGIuRdakmμrbs;sIum:g;t¾enAEtbnþrab;Ex.
kñúgkarGnuvtþ ersIusþg;ebtugRtUv)ankMNt;edaykaeeFVIBiesaFn¾eTAelIsMNakKMrUragsIuLaMg b¤KIb enAGayu 7éf¶
nig28éf¶. CaTUeTA ersIusþg;rbs;ebtugenAGayu 28éf¶esμInwg 1.3dgeTA 1.7dgénersIusþg;ebtugenAGayu 7éf¶ .
sMrab;sIum:g;t¾B½rElnFmμta ersIusþg;ekIneLIgtameBledayeFobnwgersIusþg;enAGayu 28éf¶RtUv)anbgðajkñúgta
ragxageRkam³
Properties of Reinforced Concrete 10

2. Department of Civil Engineering viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
Gayu 7 éf¶ 14éf¶ 28 éf¶ 3 Ex 6 Ex 1 qñaM 2 qñaM 5 qñaM
pleFobersIusþg; 0.67 0.86 1 1.17 1.23 1.27 1.31 1.35
- lkçxNÐénkardak;bnÞúk³ ersIusþg;ebtugrgkarsgát; RtUv)ankMNt;edaykarBiesaFn_karsgát;bMEbksM
NakKMrUragsIuLaMg b¤KUbkñúgry³eBlBIr bInaTI. eRkamGMeBIénbnÞúkdEdl²rab;qñaM ersIusþg;ebtugRtUv)ankat;
bnßyRbEhl 30% . eRkamGMeBIénbnÞúkdEdl² 1 éf¶ersIusþg;ebtug)at;bg;RbEhl 10% . kñúgkrNIEdl
rcnasm<n§½rgnUvbnÞúkdEdl² GMeBIDINamic nigGMeBIbHTgÁic vaRtuv)aneKykmkBicarNakñúgkarKNnaeRKOgbgÁúM
:
ebtugGarem:.
- rUbrag nigxñatrbs;sMNakKMrU³ xñatTUeTArbs;sMNakKMrUebtugEdleKeRbIsMrab;TsSn_TaynUversIusþg;eb
tugGarem:KW ragsIuLaMgEdlmanGgát;p©it 15cm nigkMBs; 30cm nigragKUbEdlmanRTnug 15cm . enAeBl
EdleKyksMNakKMrUragsIuLaMgmkeFVIBiesaFn_EdlmanxñatepSgKña eKsegáteXIjfaxñatkan;EtFM ersIusþg;kan;
EtFøak;. xageRkamCataragbgðajBIersIusþg;rbs;sMNakKMrUebtugbTdæanEdlmankMBs;esμInwg BIrdgGgát;p©it
eFobnwgxñat 15cm × 30cm .
xñatsIuLaMg cm ersIusþg;eFob
5× 10 1.09
10 × 20 1.06
15× 30 1.00
20 × 40 0.96
30 × 60 0.91
45 × 90 0.86
60 × 120 0.84
90 × 180 0.82
eBlxøHsMNakKMrUragsIuLaMgbTdæanminRtUv)anykmkeFIVkarBiesaFn_. pleFobkMBs;-Ggát;p©itrbs;
sMNakKMrUkan;EtFM ersIusþg;kan;EtTabtamkarkt;sMKal;BIkareFVIBiesaFn_. edIm,ITTYl)annUversIusþg;smmUl
eTAnwgersIusþg;sMNakKMrUbTdæaneKRtUvKuNnwgemKuNkMEn EdlmanbgðajkñúgtaragxageRkam³
pleFobkMBs;-Ggát;p©it 2 1.75 1.5 1.25 1.1 1 0.75 0.5
emKuNkMEnersIusþg; 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.93 0.90 0.87 0.7 0.5
ersIusþg;eFobnwgsMNakKMrUbTdæan 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.11 1.18 1.43 2.00
TMnak;TMngersIusþg;énsMNakKMrUragsIuLaMg nigragKUbsMrab;ersIusþg;rgkarsgát;epSg² bgðajkñúgtarag
xageRkam³
lkçN³énebtugGarem: 11

3. T.Chhay NPIC
ersIusþg;rgkarsgát;
7 15.5 20 24.5 27 34.5 37 41.5 45 51.5
2
N / mm
pleFobersIusþg;
0.77 0.76 0.81 0.87 0.91 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.96
sMNaksIuLaMg-sMNakKUb
CaTUeTAeKsnμt; f ' (cylinder) = 0.85 f ' (cube) = 1.1 f ' ( prisme)
c c c
2> ersIusþg;rgkarsgát;
kñúgkarKNna eK)ansnμt;faebtugCasar³FatuEdlrgnUvkugRtaMgsgát; minEmnkugRtaMgTaj. dUcenH
ersIusþg;rgkarsgát;CalkçN³vinicäy½KuNPaBrbs;ebtug. sMNakKMrUsMrab;ykmkeFVIkarBiesaFn_manTMrg;Ca
sIuLaMg KUb nigRBIs.
sMNakKMrUEdlmanTMrg; KUbEdlmanRTnug 15cm b¤ 20cm RtUv)aneKeRbIenA cRkPBGg;eKøs GaLWm:g;
nigEpñkxøHrbs;GWr:ub.
sMNakKMrURBIs RtUv)aneRbIenARbeTs)araMg rusSI nigRbeTsdéTeTot ehIyCaTUeTAmanmuxkat;
7 × 7 × 30 b¤ 10 × 10 × 50 edayeKykvaeTAsgát;epþk.
muneKykvaeTABiesaFn_ sMNakKMrURtUv)aneKEfTaMedaysMeNIm nigykeTABiesaFn_enAGayu 28 éf¶
edayGnuvtþbnÞúkekIneLIgrhUtdl;vaEbk. karEbkrbs;ebtugGacekIteLIgedaysar kugRtaMgTaj
kugRtaMgkat; kugRtaMgsgát; b¤bnSMénkugRtaMgTaMgenH.
karEbkrbs;sMNakKMrUebtugmanbIy:agdUcxageRkam³
a. eRkamGMeBIénkMlaMgsgát;tamGkS½ sMNakKMrUGacEbkedaykMlaMgkat;
b. sMNakKMrU)anEbkedaymanlkçN³CaCYr² dUcCaeRcok. karEbkEbbenH ekIteLIgEtcMeBaHebtug
EdlmanersIusþg;x<s;
c. ekIteLIgedaysarbnSMénkMlaMgkat; nigkMlaMgeRcok.
Properties of Reinforced Concrete 12

4. Department of Civil Engineering viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
3> ersIusþg;rgkarTaj
ebtugCasMPar³RsYy EdlvamanminGacRbQmnwgkugRtaMgTaj)an ehIyvaRtUv)aneKykmkBicarNa
sMrab;bBaðaeRbH kMlaMgkat; nigkMlaMgrmYl.
karBiesaFn_edaypÞal;elIersIusþg;rgkarTajminGaceFVIeTA)an
edaykartMrg;min)anl¥ nigbBaða ]bkrN_sMrab;cab;. dUcenHkarBiesaFn_edayminpÞal;
edIm,IQaneTAkMNt;ersIusþg;rgkarTajman karBiesaFn_ edayeRcok nigkarBiesaFn_edaykarkac;bM)ak;.
karBiesaFn_edayeRcok RtUv)aneFVIelIsMNakKMrUragsIuLaMgbTdæan 15× 30cm . sMNakKMrURtUv)andak;
epþk rYceRbIkMlaMgsgát;elIkþaRTnab;rhUtdl;eRcokEbkCaBIrbMENk.
karBiesaFn_edaykac;bM)ak; RtUv)aneFVIeLIgelIsMNakKMrUragRBIs 15 ×15 × 70cm dak;KgelITMrEdl
mancMgay 60cm BIKña ehIyeKeRbIbnÞúkedIm,Ikac;bM)ak;BIr EdlmancMgay 10cm BIGkS½.
CaTUeTAersIusþg;rgkarTajmantMélesμInwg 10% énersIusþg;rgkarsgát; mann½yfaersIusþg;rgkarTaj
tUcCagersIusþg;rgkarsgát; 10 dg.
4> ersIusþg;rgkarkat;
kMlaMgkat;suT§kMrnwgCYbRbTHenAkñúgeRKOgbgÁúMebtugGarem: eRBaHCaTUeTAvaEtgekIteLIgeRkamGMeBIén
kMlaMgtamGkS½. eRKOgbgÁúMEdlrgnUvkMlaMgkat;suT§KW)ak;CaBIrEpñk. dUcenHeRKOgbgÁúMebtugRtUvEtrwgRKb;RKan;
edIm,ITb;nwgkMlaMgkat;.
ersIusþg;rgkarkat;RtUv)anKitedaymantMélFMCag 20% → 30% énersIusþg;rgkarTaj b¤esμInwg 12%
énersIusþg;rgkarsgát;.
5> m:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;ebtug
m:UDuleGLasÞic CalkçN³emkanicd¾sMxan;mYyrbs;ebtug Edl)anBIkarBiesaFn_karsgát;elIsMNakKM
rYragsIuLaMg. m:UDuleGLasÞic)anBIpleFobrvagkugRtaMg nigbMErbMrYlrageFob.
unit stress
Ec =
unit strain
xageRkamCarUbmnþsamBaØsMrab;karKNna m:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;ebtug
Ec = 0.043w1.5 f 'c
Edl - m:as;maDrbs;ebtug
w
f ' - ersIusþg;rgkarsgát;sMNakKMrUsIuLaMg
c
kñúgkrNI w = 2320kg / m eK)an
3
lkçN³énebtugGarem: 13

5. T.Chhay NPIC
Ec = 4700 f 'c
6> emKuNBr½sug b¤pleFobBr½sug
emKuNBr½sug μ CapleFobrvagbMErbMrYlragtamTTwg nigbMErbMrYltambeNþay. emKuNenHERbRbYl
cenøaHBI 0.15 → 0.20 . emKuNBr½sugRtUv)aneKeRbIsMrab;rcnasm<n§½sþaTicminkMNt;. CaTUeTAsMrab;ebtug
eK )ankMNt;ykemKuNBr½sugmFümEdlmantMélesμI 0.18 .
7> m:UDulénPaBrwg b¤m:UDulkMlaMgkat;
m:UDulénPaBrwgrbs;ebtugRtUv)ankMNt;edaysmIkarxageRkam³
Ec
Gc =
2(1 + μ )
RbsinebI μ = 1 ⇒ G
6
c = 0.43Ec
8> pleFobm:UDul
pleFobm:UDul n CapleFobrvagm:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;Edk nigm:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;ebtug.
Es
n=
Ec
edaym:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;EdkmantMélefr E = 200000MPa
s
ehIym:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;ebtugGaRs½ynwgersIusþg;rgkarsgát; E c = 4700 f 'c
⇒n=
42
f'
Edl f ' KitCa MPa .
c
c
9> bMErbMrYlmaDrbs;ebtug
ebtugTTYlnUvkarERbRbYlmaDkñúgxN³eBlkkrwg. RbsinebIva)at;sMeNImedaysarrMhYt varYmmaD.
b:uEnþRbsinebIvakkrwgkñúgTwk vanwgrIkmaD. ktþaénkarERbRbYlmaDebtug naMeGayekItmankarERbRbYlsMeNIm
RbtikmμKImIrvagsIum:g;t¾ nigTwk bMErbMrYlsItuNðPaB nigrgnUvbnÞúk.
k> karrYmmaD
bMErbMrYlmaDebtugEdlrwg minesμInwgmaDTwkEdl)an)at;bg;enaHeT. rMhYténTwkesrIbegáItnUvkarrYm
maDd¾tictYcbMputesÞIrEtKμan. edaysarEtebtugbnþkarkkrwg TWkRtUv)anhYt ehIymaDénTwksIum:g;t¾ERbRbYl
bNþaleGayebtugrYmmaD.
ktþCaeRcInEdlCHT§iBldl;karrYmmaDrbs;ebtug bNþalmkBIbMErbMrYllkçxNÐsMeNIm³
Properties of Reinforced Concrete 14

6. Department of Civil Engineering viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
-brimaNsIum:g;t¾ nigTwk³ enAkñúgsmamaRténkarlayebtug kalNabrimaNsIum:g;t¾ nigTwkkan;Et
eRcIn karrYmmaDkan;EtxøaMg.
- smasPaB nigPaBm:g;pg;rbs;sIum:g;t¾³ sIum:g;t¾ersIusþg;eLIgx<s;qab; nigsIum:g;t¾kMedAtic mankarrYm
maDxøaMgCagsIum:g;t¾Br½ElnFmμta. sIum:g;t¾EdlmanlkçN³m:t;pg;Cag rIkmaDCageRkamlkçxNÐ
sMeNIm.
- RbePT brimaN nigcMNat;fñak;fμbMEbk³ TMhMénfμbMEbkkan;EttUc rYmmaDkan;EtxøaMg. brimaNfμbM
Ebkkan;EteRcIn rYmmaDkan;Etkat;bnßy.
- TwkfñaMKImI³ TwkfñaMKImIEdlCYyeGayebtugkan;Etrav eFVIeGayebtugkan;EtrYmmaD.
- brimaNEdkkñúgebtug³ edaysarkarrYmmaDekItelIeRKOgbgÁúMebtugGarem: kugRtaMgTaj)anekItelI
ebtug ehIyamantMélesμIKñanwgkugRtaMgsgát;EdlekItmanelIEdk. kugRtaMgTaMgenHRtUv)anbEnßm
ehIykøayeTACabnÞúk. dUcenH sñameRbHGacekItmanenAkñúgebtug enAeBlNaEdleKeRbIPaKry
EdkeRcIn. karBRgayEdk)anl¥ naMeGaymankarEbgEckkugRtaMgTajkñúgebtug)anl¥ CYykat;
bnßybMErbMrYlkugRtaMgxagkñúg.
CaTUeTA ebtugrYmmaDxøaMgkñúgGMLúgeBlénkarcab;epþImkarkkrwgdMbUg b:uEnþeRkaymkkarrYmmaDenH
RtUv)ankat;bnßy. tMélénkarrYmmaDsrubsMrab;ebtugFmμtaERbRbYlBI 200 ×10 → 700 ×10 . RbsinebI
−6 −6
eRKOgbgÁúMmanTMrbgáb;sgçag kugRtaMgTajekIneLIgRbEhl 10MPa . RbsinebIebtugRtUv)anEfrkSasMeNIm
Cab;lab;kñúg ry³eBlmYyc,as;las;eRkayeBlcak; karrYmmaDRtUv)ankat;bnßy. dUcenHvaCakarsMxan;Nas;
EdleKRtUv karEfTaMebtugsMrab;ry³eBlmYymineGayticCag 7 éf¶.
x> karrIkmaDedaykarekIneLIgénkMedA
ebtugrIkmaDCamYynwgkarekIneLIgénkMedA ehIyrYmmaDCamYynwgkarfycuHénkMedA. emKuNlUt
kMedArbs;ebtugmantMélRbEhl α = 10 −5 mm
mann½yfaeRKOgbgÁúMmYymanRbEvg 30m lUt)an 10mm
o
c
sMrab;bMErbMrYlkMedA 33 c . RbsinebIeRKOgbgÁúMEdlmanTMrsgçag ehIymin)anBRgwgedayEdk kugRtaMg
o
RbEhl 7MPa GacekIteLIg.
sMrab;rcnasm<n§½ebtugGarem:EdlmanRbEvgEvg eKRtUveFVItMNrsMrab;karrIkmaD expansion joint
ral;RbEvg 30m → 60m mYy. tMNrenHmanTMhMRbEhl 25mm .
10> Creep
KWCakMhUcRTg;RTayrbs;ebtugeRkamvtþmanénbnÞúk. kMhUcRTg;RTayenHekIneLIgeTAtamry³
Creep
eBlénkardak;bnÞúk.
lkçN³énebtugGarem: 15

7. T.Chhay NPIC
11> m:as;maDebtug
m:as;maDrbs;ebtugFmμtakkrwgEdleRbIR)as;sMrab;GKar nigrcnasm<n§½epSg²eToGaRsy½eTAelI
karlay TMhMnigcMNat;fñak;fμbMEbk pleFobTwk-sIum:g;t¾ nigersIusþg;rbs;ebtug. xageRkamCam:as;maDebtug
EdleKGacykmkBicarNa³
- m:as;maDebtugsuT§EdleRbIfμbMEbkTMhM 20mm ERbRbYlcenøaHBI 2320 → 2400kg / m . sMrab;ebtug
3
EdlmanersIusþg;ticCag 280kg / cm = 28MPa tMél 2320kg / m GacRtUv)anykmkeRbI. sMrab;ebtug
2 3
EdlmanersIusþg;FMCagenH m:as;maDebtugmantMél 2400kg / m GacRtUv)anykmkeRbI.
3
- m:as;maDebtugsuT§EdleRbIfμbMEbkTMhM 100mm → 150mm ERbRbYlcenøaHBI 2400 → 2560kg / m . 3
tMélmFümesμInwg 2480kg / m GacRtUv)anykmkeRbI.
3
- m:as;maDebtugGarem: EdlmanPaKryEdk 0.7% → 1.5% mantMélRbEhl 2400kg / m . sMrab; 3
ebtugGarem:EdlmanPaKryEdleRcInCagenH m:as;maDrbs;ebtugRtUv)aneKsnμt;RbEhl 2500kg / m . 3
- m:as;maDebtugRsalERbRbYlBI 320 → 1440kg / m 3
- m:as;maDebtugF¶n;ERbRbYlBI 3200 → 4300kg / m 3
12> RbePTEdkeRbIkñúgebtug
EdkEdleRbIenAkñúgebtug manCaeRcInRbePTEdlRtUv)ancat;cMNat;fñak;dUcxageRkam³
- EdkmUl (round bars)³ EdkmUlRtUv)aneRbIy:agTUlMTUlayenAkñúgebtug. Ggát;p©itrbs;EdkmUlEdl
eKGacrk)anenAelITIpSamancab;BI 6mm dl; 36mm bUkrYmCamYynwgGgát;p©itBiessBIrRbePTeTot
KW 45mm nig 57mm . GaRsy½edayépÞxagrbs;vaeKEbgEckvaCaBIrRbePTeTotKW Edkrelag (plain
bars) nigEdkfñaMgGMeBA (deformed bars). CaTUeTA EdkrelagRtUv)aneKeRbICa EdkEdlmantYnaTITI2
(secondary reinforcement) b¤CaEdkkg (stirrups and ties). EdkfñaMgGMeBARtUv)aneKpliteLIgCa
BiessedIm,IbegáInPaBs¥itrvagebtug nigsrésEdk ehIykat;bnßynUvTTwgsñameRbHrbs;ebtugkñúg
tMbn;rgkMlaMgTaj.
Ggát;p©itrbs;Edkrelag Gacvas;)anedayRsYl EtsMrab;EdkfñaMgGMeBA Ggát;p©itrbs;vaeKkMNt;eday
ykGgát;p©itrbs;rgVg;Edk Edl)anBImuxkat;rbs;va. épÞxageRkArbs;EdkfñaMgGMeBAmansNæanCaeRcIn
RbePTEdlmanbgðajkñúgrUbxageRkam.
Properties of Reinforced Concrete 16

8. Department of Civil Engineering viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskm<úCa
- EdksMNaj; (Welded fabrics and mats)³ EdksMNaj;manCaeRcInes‘rIeTAtamRbEvgEdkTTwg nig
EdkbeNþay. CaTUeTAvaRtUv)aneKpSaedaydak;EdkbeNþay nigEdkTTwgeGayEkgKñaRtg;kEnøgkat;
Kña.
muxkat;Edk (mm) épÞmuxkat;Edk (cm )2
TMgn; (kg / m) brimaRt (cm)
RB6 0.28 0.222 1.89
RB8 0.64 0.499 2.83
DB12 1.13 0.888 3.77
DB16 2.01 1.58 5.03
DB20 2.84 2.23 5.97
DB25 4.91 3.85 7.86
DB28 6.16 4.83 8.80
DB32 8.04 6.31 10.06
- kabeRbkugRtaMg (Prestressed concrete wires and strands)³ kabeRbkugRtaMgCaRbePTEdkBiess
EdlmanersIusþg;x<s;. kabEdlersIusþg;rgkMlaMgTajx<s;manGgát;p©itCaTUeTA 5mm nig
7 mm RtUv )aneKykmkbegáItCakabeRbkugRtaMg EdlmankabxageRkAR)aMmYyBT§½CMuvij
kabmYyEdlmanGgát; p©itFMCag. ersIusþg;rbs;kabeRbkugRtaMgGtibrmamantMél 1750MPa b¤
1890 MPa .
m:UDuleGLasÞicrbs;srésEdk eTaHrgkarTajkþI rgkarsgát;kþI eKkMNt;yk E = 2 ×10 MPa . em
s
5
KuNlUtkMedArbs;srésEdkeKyk α = 10 mm / c dUcemKuNlUtkMedArbs;ebtugEdr.
−5 o
lkçN³énebtugGarem: 17

9. T.Chhay NPIC
Properties of Reinforced Concrete 18