1. It is the process of removing
rock and mineral material from
the Earth for society to use to
make products!

2. EXTRA
An ore is a natural
material with a high
concentration of
economically valuable
minerals that can be
mined for a profit

3. This is digging
a hole on the
surface of the
earth to
remove the
material we
want.

4. EXTRA
There are 3 types of surface mines:
 Open-pit: removes large, near surface deposits of
minerals such as gold and copper. Mined downward
in layers
 Quarries: stone, crushed rock, sand, gravel
 Strip Mining: removing surface coal in strips

5. EXAMPLE OF SURFACE MINING
Images from Google Maps

7. SUBSURFACE MINING
http://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/images/minmethd.gif

9. RECLAMATION
Mine Albert,
Quebec, before and
after reclamation.
Government of
Quebec
http://www.abandoned-mines.org/home-e.htm

10. WHY DO WE NEED TO MINE?

11. WHY DO WE NEED MINES?
Houses
Cars
Toothpaste
Plumbing
Wiring
Planes
Electronics
Jewelry
Glass
If we can’t grow
it, it has to be
mined!

13. coal
rubies

14. inorganic
definite chemical make-up

16. Wood

17. Gold

18. Fossil

19. Topaz

20. Bones

21. Granite

22. Quartz

23. Pearls

24. Talc

25. Icebergs

26. Diamond

27. Coal

28. Rock Salt

29. AND THE ANSWERS ARE…
Minerals
a) Gold
b) Topaz
c) Quartz
d) Talc
e) Iceberg*
f) Diamonds
Non-Minerals
a) Wood - once living
b) Fossils – once living
c) Bone - living material
d) Granite - intrusive igneous rock
e) Pearls – made by oysters
f) Coal - Sedimentary rock
g) Rock Salt – Sedimentary rock
According to IMA – ice is listed as a mineral

30. Once I know it’s a mineral, we
classify minerals according to
Various Characteristics!

31. 1. One way is color!
http://www.minresco.com
http://www.gems-afghan.com
http://www.globalcrystals.com
http://www.prettyrock.com

32. Not all minerals
have the same
hardness. Some
you can easily
scratch with your
fingernail!
http://www.infowest.com
/vwdocs/vwlessons
http://www.prettyrock.com
http://www.wpclipart.com
http://www.wpclipart.com

33. http://www.uky.edu/KGS
Streak is the color of a
mineral powder.
Many minerals appear a
different color when
powdered than they do as a
big piece. The color may be
entirely different, or it may
be a different shade.
http://cmsc.minotstateu.edu
http://cmsc.minotstateu.edu

34. Copyright © Dr. Richard Busch
Courtesy United States Geological Survey
Courtesy United States Geological Survey
Each reflects light differently – that is luster!
Which of these words would you use to describe these
minerals?
Glassy, metallic, dull, silky, waxy, pearly

35. This means for equal size, they have their
own special weight.
http://www.palagems.com
Which one is
worth more?
How could
you tell?
The first one is topaz (worth a lot) and the second is citrine
quartz (not worth a lot).
A scientist would measure their densities and they would be different!

36. Copyright © Dr. Richard Busch
http://www.wired-artist-jewelry.com
http://webphysics.davidson.edu
http://www.fabreminerals.com
http://www.fabreminerals.com
Link to crystal video media player
quicktime

37. Cleavage means it
breaks the same way
every time.
Fracture means it
breaks in a random
pattern that cannot be
predicted.
www.mrsciguy.com
Calcite and halite
break a special
way.
donsmaps.com www.visionlearning.com
Quartz and chert break in a
random pattern. There is not
way to predict how they
break.