Dyspnea or dyspnoea (pronounced disp-nee-ah, IPA /dɪsp'niə/), from Latin dyspnoea, from Greek dyspnoia from dyspnoos, shortness of breath) or shortness of breath (SOB) is a debilitating symptom that is the experience of unpleasant or uncomfortable respiratory sensations.[1] It is a common symptom of numerous medical disorders, particularly those involving the cardiovascular and respiratory systems; dyspnea on exertion is the most common presenting complaint for people with respiratory impairment.[2]

1. Humble pranams at the lotus
feet of AMMA…….

3. A Presentation by:
Parvathy Unnikrishnan
2006 BATCH…….

4. An Outline………….
Srothas.
Sroto dushti prakaras.
General idea on swasa.
Srotas involved in swasa.
Sroto dushti prakaras in swasa.
Clinical reports on swasa.
Modern view in brief.

5. NIRUKTHI:
xÉëÑ + iÉÍxÉ kÉÉiÉÑ
Sravanath srothamsi……
Ch/ Su
É
DEFINITION:
Srothamsi khalu parinamamapadyamananam
Dhathunam abhivahini bhavanthi
ayanarthena………..
Ch /Vi/ 5

6. acc to chakrapani :
Parinamamaapadyamanam means :
Purva purva rasadi rupatha parithyagena uttarottara
rakthadi rupatham aapadyamanam……..
Ayanarthena means:
na sthiraanam dhathunam abhivahini bhavanthi srothamsi
,deshantara prapanena abhivahini bhavanti…
Srothas itself is the cause for all the
rakthadi dhathu poshana & parinama.

7. SYNONYMS OF SROTHAS :
Acc to charaka:
Sira ,dhamani ,rasayani etc…
Ch/ Vi/ 5
Acc to Dalhana :
Shabdaha ………………….. Vahatvadikam
dhamanaadinam pranaannavarirasavahitvam srothasam…

8. IMPORTANCE OF SROTHAS IN THE
FORMATION OF DISEASE..
Acc to charaka:
Ahitha sevanaath thani dushtaani rogaaya
vishudhani sukhaaya cha…… ch/chik
Acc to Arunadatta:
Sukhaaya means aarogyaya.
Acc to Charaka :
Normalcy of srothas will not produce any disease at all.

9. Acc to Sushruta:
Sangaha khavaigunyath vyadhirata upajayathe…..
Acc to Charaka:
Khavaigunya will result in diseases…… Ch/ch/24
• After explaining the importance of srothas & no of srothas
charaka explained srothodushti lakshanas or srothodushti
prakaras. Ch /Vi/5

10. SROTHODUSHTILAKSHANAS
AÌiÉmÉëuÉëÑꬃ xÉXçaÉÉå uÉÉ ÍxÉUÉhÉÉÇ aÉëljÉrÉÉå AÌmÉ uÉÉ….
Cha
/vi/ 5
AÌiÉmÉëuÉ×ͨÉ
xÉXçaÉç
ÌuÉqÉÉaÉïaÉqÉlÉqÉç
ÍxÉUÉ aÉëÎljÉ

11. GENERAL NIDANA
AÉWûÉU¶É ÌuÉWûÉU¶É rÉÈ xrÉÉiÉç SÉåwÉaÉÑhÉæ xÉqÉÈ
kÉÉiÉÑÍpÉÌuÉïaÉÑhÉɶÉÉÌmÉ xÉëÉåiÉxÉÉqÉç xÉ mÉëSÕwÉMüÈ//
• Aahara & Vihara which causes the SÉåwÉaÉÑhÉæxÉqÉÈ & kÉÉiÉÑÍpÉÌuÉïaÉÑhÉiÉ
will result in disease.

12. Acc to the commentary,
SÉåwÉaÉÑhÉæxÉqÉÈ -
• Doshadi vardhakatvam darshayathi
Ksheenascha dosha na anya dushtim kurvanthi.
But it is told that it will produce its ksheena
lakshanas.
kÉÉiÉÑÍpÉÌuÉïaÉÑhÉiÉ_
• kÉÉiÉÑ ÌuÉUÉåkÉMü xuÉpÉÉuÉ lÉ iÉÑ kÉÉiÉÑ ÌuÉmÉUÏiÉaÉÑhÉÉã ÌuÉmÉUÏiÉaÉÑhÉÉå ÌuÉaÉÑhÉçÈ
ÌSuÉxuÉmlÉ mÉëqÉåWûɱÉå ÌWû qÉåSxÉÉ xÉqÉÉlÉaÉÑhÉÉ LuÉ qÉåSÉåSÕwÉMü E£ü//

13. µÉÉxÉ
µÉÉxÉç mÉëÉhlÉå .....
Existance of life throughmÉëÉhÉ uÉÉrÉÑ
Any disturbance in the normal movement of vata results
in swasa.
In ayurveda we consider it as a lakshana &.as a
separate vyadhi.

14. NIDANA:
UeÉxÉÉ kÉÔqÉuÉÉiÉÉprÉÉqÉç vÉÏiÉxjÉÉlÉÉqoÉÑxÉåuÉlÉÉiÉç……
Ch/chik/17
It can be divided into :
1.MüTü mÉëMüÉåmÉMü AÉWûÉU:
Eg : aÉÑÂ , AÍpÉwrÉlS, vÉÏiÉmÉÉlÉÉvÉlÉ , ÌlÉwmÉÉuÉ
etc ..

15. 2. uÉÉiÉ mÉëMüÉåmÉ AÉWûÉU:
ÌuɹèÇpÉÏ , Ã¤É etc….
3. AÉliÉËUMü ÌlÉSÉlÉ:
qÉsÉÉuÉUÉåkÉ , AÉqÉÌuÉwÉ , SÉæoÉïsrÉ, mÉëÉhÉ xÉëÉåiÉÉå ÌuÉMüÉU
4.oÉɽ MüÉUhÉ:
urÉÉrÉÉqÉ , pÉÉU , AkuÉ, UeÉxÉç

16. 5. xjÉÉÌlÉMü MüÉUhÉ
vÉÉåjÉ on particular vessels etc
6. µÉÉxÉ UÉåaÉ eÉlÉMü UÉåaÉ:
mÉÉhQÕû , AÉÌiÉxÉÉU , euÉU , NûÌSï , ¤ÉiÉ ¤ÉÏhÉ

17. EipÉuÉ xjÉÉlÉ:
MüTüuÉÉiÉÉiqÉMüÉuÉåiÉÉæ ÌmɨÉxjÉÉlÉxÉqÉÑipÉuÉÉæ
¾ØûSrÉxrÉ UxÉÉSÏlÉÉqÉç kÉÉiÉÔlÉqÉç cÉ EmÉvÉÉåwÉhÉÉæ//
ÌmɨÉxjÉÉlÉxÉqÉÑipÉuÉÉæ CirÉlÉålÉç ÌmɨÉxrÉ FkuÉïxjÉÉlÉxÉqoÉlkÉç LuÉ
lÉ iÉÑ uÉiÉMüTüuÉiÉç AÉUqpMüiuÉÍqÉÌiÉ SvrÉïÌiÉ ÌmɨÉxjÉlÉ vÉoSålÉ AÉqÉÉvrÉÉå AÍpÉmÉëåiÉÈ //
NOTE:
UTBHAVA STHANA OF SWASA IS AAMASAYA

18. Kapha kara
nidanas
Agni maandhyam
ama, ama visha
rasa dushti
AVARODHA
Mala of rasa
(kapha )

19. SAMANYA SAMPRAPTHI
qÉÉÂiÉÈ mÉëÉhÉuÉÉÌWûlÉÏ xÉëÉåiÉÉÎqxÉ AÌuÉvrÉç MÑümrÉÌiÉ …….
Ch/ch/17
Here it is clearly mentioned that pranavaha srotho
dushti is occuring.
ie the peculiar feature is prana uparodha or prana harana.

20. VISHESHA SAMPRAPTHI
In Ca/ ci / 17
rÉSÉ xÉëÉåiÉÉÎqxÉ xÉqÉëÑkrÉç qÉÉÂiÉçÈMüTü mÉÔuÉïMüÈ
ÌuÉwuÉYuêeÉÌiÉ xÉqÉëÑkÉÉiÉç ……………
1. Kapha pradhana
2. Characterised by:
a. obstruction due to kapha.
b. spreading of vata to other
sites.

21. Srothamsi means:
1. Pranavaha srothas
2. Udakavaha srothas
3. Annavaha
srothas
It is told that dushti of these srotas occurs due to vitiated
kapha & vata.

22. Different acharyas view :
Madhukosha commentary:
xÉëÉåiÉqxÉÏÌiÉ ÌWûYMüÉÌlÉÌSï¹mÉëÉhÉÉåSÉlÉuÉÉÌWûlÉÏ
MüTüÈmÉÔuÉïqÉç mÉëkÉÉlÉqÉç rÉxrÉ xÉ iÉjÉÉ //
Here srothas involved are Pranavaha srothas &
Udanavaha srothas.

23. ÌuÉWûÉrÉç mÉëM×üÌiÉqÉç uÉÉrÉÑ mÉëÉhÉÉã AjÉ MüTü xÉqrÉÑiÉÈ
µÉÉxÉrÉirÉÔkuÉïaÉÉå pÉÔiuÉÉ iÉqÉç µÉÉxÉ mÉËUcɤÉiÉå //
Su/ utt
Vitiated vayu along with kapha tries to move
up causing difficulty in respiration & produces
µÉÉxÉ .

24. Acc to A .H/ Ni/ 4
MüTüÉåmÉÂkÉaÉqÉlÉÈ mÉuÉlÉÉå ÌuÉwuÉaÉÉÎxjÉiÉÈmÉëÉhÉÉåSMüɳÉuÉÉÌWûlÉÏ SÒ¹èÈ……
Acc to Hemadri:
aÉqÉlÉÈ_ ---- pathway
ÌuÉwuÉaÉÉÎxjÉiÉÈ ------
xÉuÉïiÉÈ xuÉ qÉÉaÉïç ÌWûiuÉÉ AÌmÉ //
xÉqÉliÉÉiÉç SåWûqÉç urÉÉmrÉqÉç ÎxjÉiÉÈ // Acc to sarvangasundari

25. NIDANA SEVANA
VATIKAM KAPHAJA
VATA DUSHTI KAPHA DUSHTI
VATA AGNI MANDHYAM
VIMARGAGAMANA
AMA
SWASANA KARMA BHADITAM
KAPHA OBSTRUCTION
SWASAM

27. mÉëÉhÉuÉWûxÉëÉåiÉÉåSÒ̹
ÌlÉSÉlÉ
1. ¤ÉrÉ
2. xÉlkÉÉUhÉÉiÉç
3. äÉÉWûÉU xÉåuÉlÉ
4. urÉÉrÉÉqÉ
These nidana sevana will cause vata vriddhi.

28. mÉëÉhÉuÉÉÌWûlÉÏÌiÉ mÉëÉhÉxÉq¥MüuÉÉiÉuÉWûÉlÉÉqÉç
mÉëÉhÉÉZrÉ ÌuÉÍvɹxrÉ uÉÉrÉÉåÌuÉïÍvÉwOèxÉëÉåiÉÈ//
Pranavahasrothomula:
¾ÒûSrÉ
qÉWûÉxÉëÉåiÉxÉç
Pranavahasrothodushti lakshanas-
xÉ vÉoSvÉÔsÉqÉÑNèuÉxÉliÉqÉç......... which is clearly indicating swasa.

29. ESMüuÉWûxÉëÉåiÉÉåSÒ̹
ÌlÉSÉlÉ
1. AÉæwhrÉÉiÉç
2. AÉqÉÉiÉç
3. pÉrÉÉiÉç
4. AÌiÉvÉÑwMüɳÉxÉåuÉlÉqÉç

30. Srothodushtilakshanas
ÎeÉÀûÉ iÉÉsÉÑ AÉå¹è MühOû YsÉÉåqÉ vÉÉåwÉÈ, iÉ×whÉ
iÉ×whÉ
In tamaka swasa
ÌuÉvÉÑwMüÉxrÉ
vÉÑwMü MühPû
In
maha swasa

31. A³ÉuÉWûxÉëÉåiÉxÉç
ÌlÉSÉlÉ
1. AÌiÉqÉÉ§É pÉÉåeÉlÉ
2. AMüÉsÉ pÉÉåeÉlÉ
3. AÌWûiÉ pÉÉåeÉlÉ
4. AeÉÏhÉï
These nidana sevana will cause kapha aggravation

32. Annavaha srotho mula sthana:
• amashaya.
The uthbhava sthana of swasa is amasaya so direct link with
annavaha srothas.
The lakshanas like avipaka , arochaka,etc can be seen in
swasa also.

33. mÉëÉhÉÉåSMüɳuÉÉWûÉlÉÉqÉç SÒ¹ÉlÉÉqÉç µÉÉxÉMüР̢ürÉÉ //
Ca/vi/5
It means that for prana , udaka , Annavaha
srothodushti same treatment is given as that of
swasa.

34. It is reported that :
PUREESHAVAHASROTHAS.
MUTRAVAHA SROTHAS.
RASAVAHASROTHAS.
Are involved in the pathology of swasa
These specific srothodushtilakshanas are clearly seen in
some of the lakshanas of swasa

35. 5 TYPES OF SWASAM:
1. qÉWûÉ µÉÉxÉ
2. FkuÉï µÉÉxÉ
3. ÍNû³É µÉÉxÉ
4. iÉqÉMü µÉÉxÉ
5. ¤ÉÑSì µÉÉxÉ

36. MAHA SWASA
All the indriyas are affected.
mÉëlɹ¥ÉÉlÉ, ÌuÉpÉëÉliÉsÉÉåcÉlÉÉ, ÌuÉvÉÏhÉïçuÉÉMç
Which shows the SANGA IN
PRANAVAHASROTAS.
oÉ®qÉÔ§ÉuÉcÉï _
Which shows the involvement of mutra &
pureeshavaha srothas

37. URDHVA SWASA
vsÉåwqÉÉÌuÉëiÉqÉÑZÉxÉëÉåiÉç ¢ÑükÉaÉlkÉuÉWûÉÌSïiÉÉ…….
Which indicates the kapha sanga & vimargagamana of
vata
Vikruta aksha
Which shows pranavaha srotodushti.
Shushka aasya
Which shows udakavahasrotodushti.

38. CHINNA SWASA
AÉlÉÉWû , mÉësÉÉmÉ , ÂMç , AÌSïiÉ
--- Which shows the vatavahasrotodushti.
mÉËUvÉÑwMüÉxrÉ
--- Which shows the
udakavahasrothodushti.

39. TAMAKA SWASA
Somewhat similar to bronchial asthma.
mÉëÌiÉsÉÉåqÉqÉç ÍxÉU…………. A.H NI/SWASA
Pratilomam-viparyaya kritva
Here vitiated vata pushes the obstructed kapha
upwards thereby resulting in sirogreeva grahana &
parsvapeeta.
Main srothodushti prakaras seen are kaphasanga & vayu
vimargagamana.

40. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY
DISEASEAS
Group of conditions which share a common symptom
DYSPNEA
ETIOLOGY
Tobacco smoke ,air pollutants etc
GENERAL PATHOLOGY
chronic or reccurent obstruction
to airflow within the lung

41. COPD
It includes:
1. CHRONIC BRONCHITIS.
2. ASTHMA
3. EMPHYSEMA
4. SMALL AIRWAY DISEASE

42. BRONCHITIS…

43. Emphysema……

44. ASTHMA
Etiological factors like climate ,food etc will
cause the hyper responsiveness of the
tracheo-bronchial tree .
MECHANISM:
Reflex irritation of vagal centre from nose,
nasopharynx, bronchi.

45. PATHOLOGY:
Constiction of involuntary
muscles of bronchioles and
bronchi.
Over production of mucus by
bronchial glands.
Vascular turgescence of
mucus membrane.

47. BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. CHARAKA SAMHITA
2. SUSRUTA SAMHITA
3. ASHTANGA HRIDAYA
4. A CLINICAL STUDY ON SWASA
5. TEXTBOOK OF KAYACHIKITSA
6. MADHAVA NIDANA
7. TEXTBOOK ON ASTHMA
8. DAVIDSON’S TEXTBOOK OF PATHOLOGY

48. Thank you……….