An Overview of Crystalline Solids under Solid State Physics

1. SOLID STATE PHYSICS
TRENAH DYNE T. BATULAN
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2. CONDENSED MATTER SYSTEMS
Hard Matter
• Crystalline Solids
(Conductors, Semiconductors, and
Insulators)
• Crystalline Solids + Defects
(point, dislocations, surfaces and
intersurfaes)
• Non-Crystalline Solids
• Quasicrystals
• Amorphous Solids (glass)
• Polymer Solids (glass and rubber)
Soft Matter
• Colloidal Dispersions
• Polymer Melts and
Solutions
• Liquid Crystals
• Biomatter (proteins,
membranes, nucleic acids)
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3. CONDENSED MATTER SYSTEMS
Hard Matter
• Crystalline Solids
(Conductors, Semiconductors, and
Insulators)
• Crystalline Solids + Defects
(point, dislocations, surfaces and
intersurfaes)
• Non-Crystalline Solids
• Quasicrystals
• Amorphous Solids (glass)
• Polymer Solids (glass and rubber)
Soft Matter
• Colloidal Dispersions
• Polymer Melts and
Solutions
• Liquid Crystals
• Biomatter (proteins,
membranes, nucleic acids)
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4. CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
CONDUCTORS, SEMICONDUCTORS, AND INSULATORS
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5. CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
• Composed of highly regular arrangement of atoms,
ions, and molecules
• Described as lattices
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6. GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION
•CONDUCTORS
•INSULATORS
•SEMICONDUCTORS
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7. CONDUCTORS
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8. CONDUCTORS
• Permits charge to be transferred across the entire
surface of the object
• Contains a series of movable charges which are
turned into electricity upon contact with another
electrical source
• These charges then transfer power to the next
available conductor
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9. INSULATORS
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10. INSULATORS
• Resists current flow
• Inhibits the flow of electricity between molecules
due to its high dielectric constant
• May allow flow of charge at a certain amount of
energy applied but there would be a degradation
of the material
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11. SEMICONDUCTORS
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12. SEMICONDUCTORS
• Has intermediate conductivity between a
conductor and an insulator
• Can resist and allow flow of electrons depending on
the energy applied to it
• Commonly used in electronics as transistors or
diodes
• Doping is a process wherein impurities are added to
the semiconductor to improve its conductivity
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13. BAND THEORY
• An extension of molecular orbital theory
• Describes bonding in solids.
• Bands of orbitals that are filled or partially filled by
valence electrons are called valence bands.
• Higher-energy unoccupied bands in which
electrons are free to migrate are called conduction
bands.
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14. BAND GAP
• Energy gap between the valence and conduction
bands
• Influences the electrical and optical properties of
the material
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15. REFERENCES
• Nicolić, B. (n.d). What is Solid State Physics.
Department
of
Physics and Astronomy-University of
Delaware,
USA.
Retrieved
from
http://www.physics.udel.edu/~bnikolic/teaching/ph
ys624/lectures/what_is_solid_state_physics.pdf
• University
of
California.(2011).Lattices.
Retrieved
from
http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~daniele/lattice/lattice.html
• Penn Engineering-School of Engineering and Applied Science.(n.d.).
Retrieved
from
http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~chem101/sschem/solidstat
echem.html
• Georgia
State
University-Department
of
Physics
and
Astronomy.(n.d.).Band theory of solids. Retrieved from
http://hyperphysics.phy- astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/band.html
• Georgia
State
University-Department
of
Physics
and
Astronomy.(n.d.).The doping of semiconductors. Retrieved from
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/solids/dope.html
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