1. The Future of Nuclear Power in the context of from whence it cometh Thursday May 11, 2011 11:00 AM EDT Thomas S. Drolet World wide cell: 1-828-493-1523 [email_address] President: Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc.

10. The Base Load Effect Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011

14. A Significant Investment in Gen 3+ Nuclear Energy in The Emerging World (2000 -‐2008)

21. Stepping on the (Natural) Gas

22. Shale Gas

24. The Need for a Move to Gen 4 Nuclear

27. World Nuclear Energy Generation (15%) Note: Twenty-one other countries account for another 399 billion KWh, representing 15% of total world nuclear generation . (i.e. UK, Sweden, Belgium, Taiwan, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Finland, India etc. TOTAL: 31 Countries overall Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011

28. Nuclear Power in the USA From the US Energy Information Agency There are 104 commercial nuclear reactors at 64 nuclear power plants in 31 States of the USA. Even though the installed capacity is only ~ 13 % of all electricity generating plants, Nuclear plants actually deliver 20 % of all electricity in the USA —(BASE LOAD). Between 1985 and 1996, 34 new reactors were placed in service. Nuclear generation has also increased as a result of higher utilization of existing capacity and from technical modifications to the nuclear plant Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011

29. Three Mile Island Schematics Three Mile Island Unit 2 and url of reasonably complete review of the Accident (Wikipedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Mile_Island_accident Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011

30. Boiling Water Reactor Schematics Text about Boiling Water Reactor Design Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011

31. Japan’s Nuclear Energy Plants Text about Japan’s Nuclear Plants Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011

32. The Most Critical Imperative: New Nuclear Reactors Types of Generation III and IV

33. Chernobyl Power Schematics Schematic of Chernobyl and a url to Bernard Cohen’s (U of Pittsburg) Book (Chapter 7) on the details of the Accident http://www.phyast.pitt.edu/~blc/book/chapter7.html Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011

34. General Electric Mark I BWR Reactor Source Washington Post April 2011 Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011

35. Russian Power Reactors in Operation Source Washington Post April 2011 Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011

36. Status of Fukushima Reactor Systems as of late April 2011 Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011 Source TEPCO

37. Status of Fukushima Reactor Systems as of late April 2011 Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011 Source John Williams

38. Status of Fukushima Reactor Systems as of late April 2011 Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011 Source John Williams

40. Chernobyl Unit 4 Early May 1986 Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011 Chernobyl-4 reactor after the accident (center), its turbine building (lower left), and Chenobyl-3 (center right). (Source ANS website April 2011)

41. Fukushima Reactor Units Status as of 27 April 2011 Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011 04/27/2011 07:00 UTC Unit 1 2 3 4 Power (MWe /MWth) 460/1380 784/2381 784/2381 784/2381 Type of Reactor BWR-3 BWR-4 BWR-4 BWR-4 Status at time of EQ In service – auto shutdown In service – auto shutdown In service – auto shutdown Outage Core and fuel integrity Damaged Severe damage Damaged No fuel in the Reactor RPV & RCS integrity RPV temperature decreasing RPV temperature stable RPV temperature stable Not applicable due to outage plant status Containment integrity No information Damage suspected Damage suspected AC Power AC power available - power to instrumentation – Lighting to Central Control Room AC power available – power to instrumentation – Lighting to Central Control Room AC power available – power to instrumentation – Lighting to Central Control Room AC power available – power to instrumentation – Lighting to Central Control Room Building Severe damage Slight damage Severe damage Severe damage Water level of RPV Around half of Fuel is uncovered Around half of Fuel is uncovered Around half of Fuel is uncovered Not applicable due to outage plant status Pressure of RPV Slowly increasing Stable Stable CV Pressure Drywell Stable Stable Stable Water injection to RPV Injection of freshwater – via mobile electric pump with off-site power Injection of freshwater – via mobile electric pump with off-site power Injection of freshwater – via mobile electric pump with off-site power Water injection to CV No information No information No information Spent Fuel Pool Status Fresh water injection by concrete pump truck Freshwater injection to the Fuel Pool Cooling Line Freshwater injection via Fuel Pool Cooling Line and Periodic spraying Fresh water injection by concrete pump truck

42. Fuel Waste Disposal : Yucca Mountain Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011 The NWPA’s 1987 amendment designated Yucca Mountain, by law, as the only site approved for consideration as the nation’s nuclear waste repository, and it appears that only Congress has the authority to change the law. The act also requires that the licensing process for Yucca be completed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission before any decision can be made concerning its fate. The President and Secretary have not considered this law and have attempted to withdraw the application from the NRC before it can deliver its final report.. President Obama’s executive memorandum of March 9, 2009, stated, “The public must be able to trust the science and scientific process informing public policy decisions. Political officials should not suppress or alter scientific or technological findings and conclusions . . . .”The Department of Energy’s license application is based on 30-plus years of scientific studies. The NRC’s independent review would answer once and for all whether the site is scientifically suitable to store nuclear waste, yet The Administration want to withdraw this application and thereby suppress the results of the review.

44. Simple Basics of a Thorium Molten Salt Reactor Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011 Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) Molten Salt Reactors (MSR’s) are liquid-fueled reactors that can be used for production of electricity. Electricity production and waste burn-up are envisioned as the primary missions for the MSR. Fissile, fertile, and fission isotopes are dissolved in a high-temperature molten fluoride salt with a very high boiling point (1,400 C) that is both the reactor fuel and the coolant. The near-atmospheric-pressure molten fuel salt flows through the reactor core. Fission occurs within the flowing fuel salt that is heated to ~700oC, which then flows into a primary heat exchanger where the heat is transferred to a secondary molten salt coolant. The fuel salt then flows back to the reactor core. The clean salt in the secondary heat transport system transfers the heat from the primary heat exchanger to a high-temperature cycle that converts the heat to electricity.

46. Title Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011 Text Here

47. Title Drolet & Associates Energy Services, Inc. © 2011 Text Here