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Unit 1 matter and physical chemical changes NOTES
1. Matter: anything that has mass and
takes up space
Mass – the amount of matter in something.
Volume – the amount of space something
occupies.
Weight = amount of matter + Effect of Gravity
Reviewing MATTER
2. Matter, Mass, and Weight
Do you think you would weigh the
same if you stood on the surface of
the planet, Mercury?
Mercury is the smallest planet, and
the planet closest to the sun. The
gravity of Mercury is 38% of Earth's
gravity. To calculate your weight on
Mercury, multiply your weight by 0.38.
4. A. Matter Flowchart
MATTER
Can it be physically
separated?
Homogeneous
Mixture
(solution)
Heterogeneous
Mixture Compound Element
MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE
yes no
Can it be chemically
decomposed?
noyesIs the composition
uniform?
noyes
Colloids Suspensions
5. A. Matter Flowchart
Examples:
graphite
Trail Mix
sugar (sucrose-
C12H22O11)
paint
soda
element
hetero. mixture
compound
hetero. mixture
solution
6. B. Pure Substances
Element
composed of identical atoms
EX: copper wire, aluminum foil
7. B. Pure Substances
Compound
composed of 2 or more
elements in a fixed ratio
properties differ from those
of individual elements
EX: table salt (NaCl)
8. B. Pure Substances
For example…
Two different compounds,
each has a definite composition.
Law of definite proportions: Regardless of the amount, a
compound is always composed of the same elements in the
proportions by mass.
9. C. Mixtures
Variable combination of 2 or more pure
substances.
Heterogeneous Homogeneous
10. C. Mixtures (Homogeneous)
Solution (homogeneous)
Dissolving
homogeneous
very small particles
No Tyndall effect
Tyndall Effect
particles don’t settle
EX: rubbing alcohol
14. C. Mixtures
Examples:
Whipped Cream
muddy water
fog
saltwater
Italian salad
dressing
colloid
suspension
colloid
solution
suspension
15. What is a property?
Property: a
characteristic of
a substance that
can be observed
16.
17. Physical Property
Examples:
• luster
• malleability: the ability
to be hammered into a
thin sheet
• ductility: the ability to
be stretched into a wire
• melting point
• boiling point
• density
• solubility
• specific heat
•Mass
•Volume
•Length
•color
18. Special Physical Properties
Melting point: the temperature
at which a substance changes
from a solid to a liquid at a given
pressure.
water = 0o
C
Boiling point: the temperature
at which a substance changes
from a liquid to a gas at a given
pressure.
water = 100o
C
19. Chemical Properties
Chemical property: a property
that can only be observed by
changing the identity of the
substance.
Examples:
•flammability
•ability to rust
•reactivity with vinegar
•The ability to NOT react
20. Physical Vs. Chemical
Properties
1) The melting point of water is 00
C.
2) Ethanol burns in the presence of oxygen.
3) Potassium explodes when placed in water.
4) Oil has a very high viscosity.
5) Gold does not react when placed in water.
6) Nonmetals are very brittle.
7) The density of aluminum is 2.70 g/mL
8) Iron rusts in our atmosphere.
22. Physical Change
Physical change: a change that
occurs that does not change the
identity of the substance
Form
Size
State or phase
Dissolving
23. Physical Change
Examples:
Melting ice (change in state or phase)
Freezing Kool-aid (change in state or phase)
Tearing paper (change in form or size)
Boiling water (change in state or phase)
24. Chemical Changes
Chemical change: a change that
occurs causing the identity of the
substance to change
Burning
Digesting food
Reacting with other substances
A chemical change is called a
chemical reaction.
25. Chemical Changes Cont’d
Indicators of a chemical change:
Development of light
Development of heat
Development of a gas
Color change
Formation of a precipitate
26. Is it Physical or Chemical?
Change Physical Chemical
Melting cheese
Burning wood
Milk souring
Wadding up paper
Bicycle rusting
Hinweis der Redaktion
(colloid) Fog scatters light… that is why it is dangerous to drive in the fog. Liquid particles are dispersed in a gas. NO HIGH BEAMS in the FOG!
Specific Heat The heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount (usually one degree)
Thermite Reaction Iron (III) oxide = molten iron.