1. WEATHER AND CLIMATE The Walker School Environmental Science

9. WEATHER FORECASTING

11. Layers of the Atmosphere The atmosphere is a chaotic system, so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole.

16. Marine Bouys Ocean and weather data are gathered by sensors on the bouys and then transmitted to the National Data Buoy Center http://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/hmd.shtml

18. GPS Dropsonde Data Recorded: temperature, humidity, pressure and GPS wind data.

19. GOES Weather Satellite Images http://www.ghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/GOES/

20. National Climate Data Center http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html

22. Interactive Weather Information (IWDS) http://140.90.6.254/iwin/iwdspg1.html

24. WEATHER SHAPES THE PLANET

26. Severe Weather Maps Can be obtained from NOAA Storm Prediction Center http://www.spc.noaa.gov/

34. Fujita Scale

40. Diagram of a Hurricane Rising winds exit from the storm at high altitudes. The calm central eye usually is about 24 kilometers (15 miles) wide. Moist surface winds spiral in towards the center of the storm Gales circle the eye at speeds of up to 320 kilometers (200 miles) per hour.

41. Saffir-Simpson Scale

42. National Hurricane Center http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/

43. WHAT IS CLIMATE?

46. Biome Classifications depend on Climate Polar (ice) Subarctic (snow) Cool temperate Warm temperate Dry Tropical Highland Major upwelling zones Warm ocean current Cold ocean current River

47. Climographs

49. Kenya's Farmers Struggle with Weather Changes http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6510673

51. WHAT IS THE EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION?

55. Disease Connection Condition Result Disease Wetter Conditions Increased breeding of mosquitoes Malaria, Warmer Water Increase growth of phytoplankton and bacteria Yellow Fever Higher Temperatures Increased reproductive window of insects Slightly Drier Conditions Standing ponds of water Dengue Fever Drought Shortage of potable water, concentration of pollutants Cholera

57. Cycling Pattern of El Nino/La Nina 1982–83 1997–98 Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 El Niño conditions La Niña conditions +3 +2 +1 0 -1 -2 Temperature/Change (°F)

58. El Nino / La Nina Database http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/tao/