1. THE EARTH IS A SYSTEM

2. Earth’s Principal Systems
 Atmosphere
 Hydrosphere
 Biosphere
 Lithosphere
 Magnetosphere
 Cryosphere

3. Fig. 1-1, p. 5

4. Interaction Among Earth’s Systems
Table 1-1, p. 4

5. HOW DOES GEOLOGY
AFFECT OUR LIVES?

6. Resources Used by Each Person
Fig. 1-3, p. 8

7. Geology and Monuments
 Statue of Liberty
 Mount Rushmore
 Cave of Lascaux
 Treasury at Petra
 Statue of David
 Eifel Tower
 Egyptian Pyramids

8. WHEN WAS THE EARTH
FORMED?

9. Formation of Solar System
Accretion Disk

10. Earth’s Formation
 The Earth was formed
about 4.5 billion years
ago, from the solar
accretion disk.

11. Formation of Earth’s Layers
 Meteorite Impacts
 Gravitation Compression
 Heat from Radioactive Decay
 Formation of Nickel / Iron Core
 Surface Cooling and Formation of Plates
 Comet Impacts bring Water

12. WHERE IN THE UNIVERSE
IS EARTH?

13. 3rd Planet From the Sun
– 93,000,000 miles

14. Milky Way Galaxy
 It is part of a fairly
large spiral galaxy
consisting of about 200
billion stars.
 Yellow line indicates
path of Earth as the
galaxy rotates.

15. WHAT IS THE SHAPE OF
THE EARTH?

16. Geoid –
Not Quite Round, Not Quite Elliptical

17. WHAT IS THE EARTH’S
STRUCTURE?

18. 35 km (21 mi.) avg., 1,200˚C
Layered
Crust
Sphere
100 km (60 mi.)
Low-velocity zone
200 km (120 mi.)
Crust
Mantle
Solid Lithosphere
10 to 65km
2,900km 100 km Asthenosphere
(1,800 mi.) (depth unknown)
3,700˚C
Outer core
(liquid) 200 km
Core
5,200 km (3,100 mi.), 4,300˚C
Inner
core
(solid)

19. Earth’s Interior Divisions
Earth's Interior Divisions
Layer Outer Approx. Compos
Name Radius Temp. ition
in km
Inner 1229 7000 deg. C Solid
Core Iron
Outer 3484 5000 deg. C Liquid
Core Iron
Lower 5700 2000 deg. C Iron-
Mantle rich
Rock
Upper 6360 500 deg. C Iron-
Mantle rich
Rock
Crust 6371 0 deg. C Basalt,
Granite

20. WHAT GEOLOGIC PROCESSES
OCCUR WITHIN THE EARTH’S
INTERIOR?

21. Geological Processes
 Plate Tectonics
 Heat Transfer
 Soil Erosion
 Mineral Deposition

22. Fig. 1-10, p. 16

23. Fig. 1-11, p. 17

24. Fig. 1-12, p. 18

25. Connections between the Plates and
Earth Systems
Table 1-3, p. 18