Covers current state of global fisheries, fishing technology, bycatch, artificial reefs and aquaculture.

1. OVERFISHING &
AQUACULTURE

2. WHERE DO WE GET THE FISH
AND SHELLFISH WE EAT?

3. Oceans and Fish Farms
 7% of the global food supply comes from marine
organisms.
 55% (3.8%) of our annual catch comes from the
oceans.
 45% (3.2%) of our annual catch comes from
aquaculture.

4. Major Commercial Marine Speices
Fish Shellfish
Demersal Pelagic Crustaceans Mollusks
(mostly bottom dwelling)
(surface dwelling)
Hake Sardine Anchovy Krill Oyster Clam
Herring Shrimp
Haddock
Mackerel Lobster
Octopus
Squid
Cod Tuna Crab

5. WHAT IS THE STATE OF
GLOBAL FISHERIES TODAY?

6. Dire Prediction for the Future
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6469061

7. Trend Toward Overfishing
100
80
(millions of metric tons)
Catch
60
40
20
0
2000
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
Year
Total World Fish Catch

8. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR FISHING
STRATEGIES USED?

9. Fishing Strategies Spotter airplane
Trawler
fishing
Fish farming
in cage Purse-seine
fishing
trawl flap sonar
trawl
lines
fish school
trawl bag
Fish caught
by gills
Drift-net fishing
Long line fishing float buoy
lines with
hooks

10. WHAT OTHER TECHNOLOGY
IS USED IN COMMERCIAL
FISHING?

11. Sonar Unit Used for Fishing

13. Scientists Use Satellites to Track Fish
http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/1998/08/05/MN82865.DTL

14. Microwave Telemetry
http://microwavetelemetry.com/Fish_PTTs/index.php

15. Monitoring Variables
 Storage Capacity of Device
 Signal Transmission Strength
 Size of Device
 Type of Monitor

16. WHAT PROBLEMS ARISE
FROM THESE FISHING
METHODS?

17. Bycatch
 Refers to fish and
other marine life
caught quot;incidentallyquot;
in the pursuit of
another species.
 Results from use of
fishing gear and
practices that are not
selective.

18. Common Bycatch Organisms
 Turtles
 Starfish
 Sponges
 Skates

19. Bycatch Variables
 Species
 Size
 Sex
 Quality

20. WHAT LAWS GOVERN
GLOBAL FISHING?

21. Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (1976)
http://www.mms.gov/eppd/compliance/fcma/index.htm

22. Law Variables
 specify a time frame in which to end overfishing
and rebuild overfished stocks that is as short as
possible
 the biology of the stock
 the needs of fishing communities
 recommendations by international organizations
 the interaction of the overfished stock within the
marine ecosystem.

23. WHAT ORGANIZATIONS ARE
WORKING TO RESTORE
GLOBAL FISHING?

25. Marine Stewardship Council
http://www.msc.org/html/content_458.htm

26. CAN ARTIFICIAL REEFS HELP
RESTORE MARINE
ECOSYSTEMS?

27. Artificial Reefs
 Concrete blocks
 Acres of old cars
 Drug transport vessels
 Oil Rigs

28. Artificial Reefs Help Dolphins
http://archives.cnn.com/2000/NATURE/05/16/hong.kong.dolphins.enn/

29. Artificial Reefs - Cons
 Represent an inexpensive way to throw out trash
 Cause damage to natural habitats during their
construction
 Can displace naturally occurring species and
habitats
 Tend to concentrate fish unnaturally, making them
more vulnerable to overfishing

30. CAN AQUACULTURE HELP
RESTORE FISH POPULATIONS?

31. Types of Aquaculture
 Fish Farming
 Fish Ranching

33. Norway’s Fish Farms in Danger
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17638050