Sustainable Design Part Six: Carbon Neutral Design

What is Sustainable Design? Part Six: Carbon Neutral Design Terri Meyer Boake BES, BArch, MArch, LEED AP Associate Director School of Architecture University of Waterloo Past President of the Society of Building Science Educators Member OAA Committee on Sustainable Built Environment

Presentation Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Why Assess Carbon Neutrality? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],www.architecture2030.org

The LEAP to Zero Carbon… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Industry 25% Transportation 27% Buildings 48%

Fossil Fuel Reduction Standard: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Counting Carbon costs…. Operating Energy of Building Embodied Carbon in Building Materials People, “Use” + Transportation Landscape + Site Renewables + Site Generation + purchased offsets Disturbance vs. sequestration 80% of the problem!

Four Key Steps – IN ORDER: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],REDUCING OPERATING ENERGY

Begin with Passive Strategies for Climate Control to Reduce Energy Requirements HEATING COOLING REDUCING OPERATING ENERGY

Carbon Reduction: The Tier Approach Image: Norbert Lechner, “Heating, Cooling, Lighting” Basic Building Design MUST be Climate Responsive … or the Passive Systems won’t work … and the Mechanical Systems won’t be small enough to be powered by renewable energy REDUCING OPERATING ENERGY

Reduce loads: Passive Strategies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Maximize Heat Retention Passive Solar Heating Mechanical Heating

Reduce loads: Passive Strategies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Heat Avoidance Passive Cooling Mechanical Cooling

Reduce loads: Daylighting ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 Orientation and planning of building to allow light to reach maximum no. of spaces Glare, color, reflectivity and material concerns Efficient artificial Lighting w/ sensors

Reduce, Renew, Offset ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Importance of Impact Reduction: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],7 Impacts source: www.buildcarbonneutral.org The buildings at IslandWood are located with a “solar meadow” to their south to take advantage of solar heating and daylighting.

Disturbance is impact. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Difficult foundations for a treed, sloped site for the Grand House Student Cooperative in Cambridge, Ontario, Canada

Natural ecosystems sequester carbon. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The natural site is preserved at IslandWood, Bainbridge Island.

Smaller is better!!! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Calculating your “ecological footprint” … can naturally extend to an understanding of your “carbon footprint” Source: http://www.cycleoflife.ca/kids/education.htm

Reduce loads: Building Size ,[object Object],Source: http://www.kaospilotoutpost2007.com/carbon-neutral-beginners/ The more you build, the more carbon is associated with your project – the more to “solve”.

Buildings can help to sequester carbon. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Green roof at White Rock Operations Center, White Rock, B.C. Green roof at Vancouver Public Library

Material choice matters. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Foster’s GLA – may claim to be high performance, but it uses many high energy materials. Green on the Grand, Canada’s first C-2000 building chose to import special windows from a distance rather than employ shading devices to control solar gain and glare.

Reuse to reduce impact. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],All of the wood cladding at the YMCA Environmental Learning Center, Paradise Lake, Ontario was salvaged from the demolition of an existing building. The School of Architecture at Waterloo is a reused factory on a remediated Brownfield site.

Towards Zero Energy Zero Carbon: IslandWood Aldo Leopold Legacy Center LEED TM Gold LEED TM Platinum - Carbon Neutral A high LEED TM rating can be used as the basis for considering extending performance to Zero Carbon.

Location of the Case Studies IslandWood Aldo Leopold Legacy Center

Comparing Carbon Neutral to LEED TM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],And the first aim of Carbon Neutral Design is to achieve 100% reduction… Scorecard for National Works Yard in Vancouver, LEED TM Gold

IslandWood – Using the LEED TM System ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

IslandWood – Mithun Architects and Planners ,[object Object],Team members (too numerous to fully list): Mithun Architects KEEN Engineering (Stantec) Berger Partnership Landscape Western Sun 2020 Engineering Browne Engineering

IslandWood – Sustainable Sites (9/14 possible points) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Inference of reduced carbon emissions from personal transportation Inference of reduced carbon emissions from site disturbance and possible sequestration potential from restoration of green elements Landscape + Site People, “Use” + Transportation

IslandWood – Energy and Atmosphere ( 4/17 possible points ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Although there is PV on the building, it is not enough to earn any of these credits, so obviously not enough to satisfy a carbon neutral state Not using Green Power indicates that electricity purchased may be from coal based sources Operating energy Renewables + Site Generation

IslandWood – Passive Design Strategies: Heating and Cooling http://www.designshare.com/index.php/projects/islandwood/images

IslandWood – Energy and Atmosphere ( 4/17 possible points ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Although the appearance of the buildings gives the impression that its energy use might be as low as a Carbon Neutral Building, the numbers do not bear the same conclusion. ZERO Carbon is a number…

IslandWood – Materials and Resources (7/13 possible points) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],These credits address the embodied energy of materials which responds to future Carbon Neutral considerations when we go beyond Operating Energy Embodied Carbon in Building Materials

IslandWood – Indoor Environmental Quality (12/15 possible points) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Daylighting has the potential to reduce the requirement for electricity IF used in conjunction with control systems

IslandWood – Innovation in Design Process (3/5 possible points) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Aldo Leopold Legacy Center Baraboo, Wisconsin The Kubala Washatko Architects LEED TM Platinum 2007 Technical information from Prof. Michael Utzinger, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Leopold Approach to Carbon Neutral Design ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

#1 - Net Zero Energy Design ,[object Object],[object Object],Renewables + Site Generation

#1 - Net Zero Energy Design A $US250,000 PV array was included at the outset of the project budget and the building was designed to operate within the amount of electricity that this would generate. Renewables + Site Generation

#2 - Site Harvested Lumber: The building was designed around the size and quantity of lumber that could be sustainably harvested from the Leopold Forest. Embodied Carbon in Building Materials

Architectural Design Strategies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Passive Heating Passive Cooling

Aldo Leopold Center LEED TM Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sustainable Sites, 12 of 14 possible points ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Landscape + Site Landscape + Site People, “Use” + Transportation

Energy and Atmosphere, 17 of 17 possible points ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Operating energy Renewables + Site Generation

Materials and Resources, 7 of 13 possible points ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Embodied Carbon in Building Materials Many of these credits will impact embodied carbon but it is not currently part of the calculation.

Indoor Environmental Quality, 15 of 15 possible points ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Operating energy

Innovation and Design Process, 5 of 5 possible points ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Conclusion… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Carbon Neutral Design Project ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

http://www.aia.org/carbonneutraldesignproject

Sustainable Design Part Six: Carbon Neutral Design

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Sustainable Design Part Six: Carbon Neutral Design