3. NORTHERN IRELAND The population is composedof Protestants and Catholics. 900 000 Protestants and 680 000 Catholics.
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5. History England broughtIreland under systematicrule in thesixteenthcentury. English and Scottish Protestant settlers tookthe best land. The Englishtried to destroyIrishlanguage, culture and Catholisism.
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7. Independence Inspired by the American and Frenchrevolutions, theIrishbegantheirlongstruggle to be free. The Irishgotfinallytheirindependence in 1921. Ulster did not getfreedom. Britainhadbigpolitical and economicinterestshere.
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9. Ulster London allowedtheNorthernIrish to governthemselves. NorthernIrelandbecamecontrolled by the Protestants. The Protestants excludedtheCatholics for politicalpower. Theydiscriminatedthemalso in housing and employment.
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11. The Troubles The shipbuildingindustrydeclined in thesixties. NorthernIrelandbecameoneofthepoorest parts in Britain. The Catholicsgotnojobs and theygotangry. In 1968 theywentout in thestreets to demonstrate.
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13. BloodySunday The demonstrationsgotintoviolence. The Catholicsformedthe IRA. The Protestants formedthe Ulster Defence Association and the Ulster Volunteer Force. In January 1972 British troopskilled 13 unarmed demonstrators. The IRA gotmany supporters aftertheBloodySunday.
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15. The provincegot under directrule from London. 500 peopledied in 1972 as a resultofviolence. Therewere IRA bombs, troopviolence and sectarian killings.
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17. Catholics The IRA developed to be a smallarmy. The IRA etablished a politicalwing – Sinn Fein. The majorityoftheCatholicssupportedthe Social Democratic Party ( SDLP).
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19. Most ofthe Protestants supportedthe Ulster Unionist Party. Ian PaisleyformedtheDemocratic Unionist Party ( DUP). The Unionists werefragmented.
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21. London and Dublin From 1972 to 1985 London tried to foster themiddlegroundamongthepeaceablemajorityofbothcommunities. Buttheeffortsweredestroyed by radicalpoliticiansonboth sides. The government in Dublin supportedtheCatholiccommunity in Ulster. It criticised British policy and practice.
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23. London and Dublin wanted to cooperatepolitically. The British governmentbegan to negotiate an agreementwith Dublin. The Anglo Irishagreementof 1985. This weakened IRAs position.
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25. In 1988 IRAs Gerry Adams and SDLPs John Hume begansecret talks. In August 1994 the IRA announced a cease-fire. The British governmentwantedthatthe IRA decommissioneditsweapons. The IRA refused. In 1996 a big bomb exploded in theDocklands
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27. Tony Blair wantedpeace talks with Sinn Feinifthe IRA abandonedviolence. Sinn Fein and the IRA accepted Tony Blairs challenge. A newcease fire began. Nationalists and Unionists begannegotiations. A peace plan wasclear 10. april 1998.
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29. The agreement: The establishment of a NorthernIrelandassembly. Establish a North South ministerialcouncil. The establishment of a council for the Isles.
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31. Gerry Adams of Sinn Fein and David Trimbleofthe Ulster Unionist Party tried to get an agreement. The IRA refused to decommisionitsweapons. In August 1998 the Real IRA detonated a bomb in Omagh, killing 29 people.
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33. In May 1998 71% ofthepeople in NorthernIrelandsupportedtheagreement.
37. In 1995 unemploymentstood for 18 % for Catholics and 8 % for Protestants. Unemployment in bothcommunitiesrecruteyoung men for terrorists.
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39. In Julyeachyearthe Orange Order organise parades to celebratetheBattleoftheBoyne. SomeofthemarchesgothroughCatholic areas. The Orangemensee it as a celebrationofcommunityidentity. Catholicssee it as a provocation. In 1998 theOrangemenwereforbidden to marchdowntheGarvaghy Road in Drumcree.
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41. The Catholicpopulation is young, butthe Protestant population is old. The Protestants politicalpower is decreasing.
