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āĻāĻŠāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ āĻâāĻĢā§āĻ āĻĢāĻž pdf āĻ°āĻ¯āĻĄāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯āĻ¯ Menu Bar āĻāĻ¯ View āĻ āĻŠāĻąāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¤ā§ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¯ Auto /Automatically Scroll āĻ āĻŠāĻąāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ°āĻŗāĻ°āĻ°āĻā§āĻ
āĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¨ (āĻ āĻĨāĻĢāĻž āĻŗāĻ¯āĻžāĻŗāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻ°ā§ ī° Ctrl + Shift + H )āĨ¤ āĻāĻĢāĻžāĻ¯ â up Arrow āĻĢāĻž â down Arrow āĻ¤ā§ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻāĻŠāĻ¨āĻžāĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻžāĻ¯ āĻŗā§āĻ°āĻĢāĻ§āĻž
āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻ¸ā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻ° āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āĻĄ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻ¨āĻ¨āĨ¤
ī īĄ āĻĻā§āĻ āĻĢāĻž ā§āĻ°ā§āĻžāĻ°āĻ§āĻ Singular subject āĻŽāĻ°āĻĻ and āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻž āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻ°āĻ ā§āĻ°āĻĢ Verb āĻ°āĻŋ Plural āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
Inc. Rahim and Karim is friends.
Corr. Rahim and Karim are friends.
ī īĄ And āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻž āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤ Subject āĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻ°āĻĻ āĻāĻāĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻāĻ āĻ§āĻžāĻ¯āĻŖāĻž āĻĢā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻĢāĻž āĻŗāĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻĢ āĻāĻāĻ°āĻŋ āĻĢā§āĻāĻžā§
ā§āĻ°āĻĢ Verb āĻ°āĻŋ Singular āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
Inc. Rice and curry are my favourite food.
Corr. Rice and curry is my favourite food.
ī īĄ The noun + and + Noun āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯āĻ¯ Verb āĻ°āĻŋ Singular āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢ āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°āĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻž
āĻāĻāĻāĻ¨āĻ°āĻāĻ āĻĢā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¨āĻž āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. The Chairman and President are here.
Corr. The Chairman and president is here.
ī īĄ The noun + The + Noun āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯āĻ¯ Verb āĻ°āĻŋ Plural āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢ āĻ¤āĻāĻ¨āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĢāĻž āĻĢāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§
āĻ¤āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¨āĻž āĻ´āĻ°ā§āĻ°ā§āĨ¤
Inc. The Chairman and the President has resigned.
Corr. The Chairman and the president have resigned.
ī īĄ Each, every, either, neither, none, no āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻĻ Subject āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻĢā§ āĻĢāĻŗāĻ°āĻ° Verb Singular āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
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Inc. Each boy were given a prize.
Corr. Each boy was given a prize.
Inc. Either of the boys are talented.
Corr. Either of the boys is tallented.
ī īĄ āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ, āĻĻāĻĻāĻā§āĻ¯, āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻĻāĻ°āĻąāĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ, āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ°āĻ¨āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ, āĻ¤āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻĻ Subject āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯āĻ¯
Verb āĻ°āĻŋ Singular āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
Inc. The Newyork Times are a famous Journal.
Corr. The Newyork Times is a famous Journal.
Inc. Eight hours are our working day.
Corr. Eight hours is our working day.
ī īĄ A number of āĻāĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ Subject āĻāĻĢāĻ Verb āĻāĻŦā§ Plural āĻ´ā§ āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ The number of āĻāĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§
Subject, Plural āĻāĻĢāĻ Verb, Singular āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. A number of students is playing.
Corr. A number of students are playing.
Inc. The number of boys are studying.
Corr. The number of boys is studying.
ī īĄ Together with, with, along with, and not, as well as, in addition, accompanied by,
accompanied with, including āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§ āĻ°ā§ Conjunction āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻž āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻž Subject āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻ Subject āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžā§ā§
Verb āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ°āĻ¨āĻ§ā§āĻžāĻ°āĻ¯ā§ āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
Inc. The principal along with his teachers are coming.
Corr. The principal along with his teachers is coming.
Inc. I and not my friends are to blame.
Corr. I, and not my friends am to blame.
ī īĄ Either.......or, Neither......nor, Not only.......but also āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻ° āĻ°āĻĻā§āĻŦā§ā§ā§ Subject āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžā§ā§ Verb
āĻĢāĻŗāĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
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Inc. Either he or his brothers is playing.
Corr. Either he or his brothers are playing
ī īĄ Here, there, such, so āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§ āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ¯ Verb āĻ°āĻŋ āĻŠāĻ¯āĻĢā§ā§ā§ Subject āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžā§ā§ āĻĢāĻŗāĻ°āĻĢ āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§
Introductory âItâ āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ VerbwU āĻŗāĻĢā§āĻĻāĻž Singular āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
Inc. It are these pen that you want.
Corr. It is these pen that you want.
Inc. There are no mother who does not love her child.
Corr. There is no mother who does not love her child.
ī īĄ Mathematics, Politics, Physics, news āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§ āĻ°ā§ āĻ¤āĻĻāĻāĻ°ā§ Plural āĻāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ´āĻ°āĻ°āĻ āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ¯ Singular verb
āĻāĻĢāĻ Committee, council, commission, Parliament āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§ āĻ°ā§āĻ¯
āĻŠāĻ¯ Verb āĻ°āĻŋ Singular āĻ´ā§ āĨ¤
Inc. Mathematics are my favourite subject.
Corr. Mathematics is my favourite subject.
Inc. The committee have elected its chairman.
Corr. The committee has elected its chairman.
ī īĄ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻ āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻžāĻ°āĻ āĻĄāĻžāĻāĻž āĻ¤āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ° Call āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻ¯āĻ°ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. He told me a fool.
Corr. He called me a fool.
ī īĄ āĻŗā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻĢāĻ°āĻž āĻ¤āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ Speak āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. He tells the truth.
Corr. He speaks the truth.
ī īĄ āĻ°āĻāĻĨāĻ¯āĻž āĻĢāĻ°āĻžāĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ tell āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. He said a lie.
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Corr. He told a lie.
ī ī
ī īĄ āĻāĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻĢāĻ°āĻž āĻĢā§āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ Indirect object āĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻ°āĻ Tell āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
Inc. He said a story to us.
Corr. He told a story to us.
ī īĄ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨā§āĻ¨āĻž āĻĢā§āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ say āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. Have you told your prayers?
Corr. Have you said your prayers?
ī īĄ āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻŗāĻāĻ° verb āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻžāĻ¨āĻ°āĻŗāĻ āĻ āĻĢāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻž āĻĢā§āĻāĻžā§, ā§āĻžāĻ°āĻĻāĻ¯ Continuous tense āĻ´ā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
hope, want, wish, feel, know, live, matter, love, desire, agree, understand, remember, believe.
Inc. I am wishing to get him at the field.
Corr. I wish to get him at the field.
Inc. We are hoping to succeed.
Corr. We hope to succeed.
ī īĄ āĻā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž Transitive verb āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ Preposition āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤Discuss, precede,
request, examine, recommended, order, resemble, sign etc. āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻā§āĻ¤ verb āĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž āĻŽāĻ°āĻĻ Noun āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§
ā§āĻ°āĻĢ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ Preposition āĻĢāĻŗāĻ°ā§ āĻŠāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯āĨ¤
Inc. I ordered for tea.
Corr. I ordered tea.
Inc. He recommended for me to the Headmaster.
Corr. He recommended me to the Headmaster.
ī īĄ Many, few, A fewer, Fewer, Fewest, Many of , Several of āĻāĻ āĻąāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ Plural Countable
Noun āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Inc. I have few friend.
Corr. I have few friends.
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ī īĄ Much, little, a little, less, least, amount of āĻāĻ āĻąāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ Uncountable Noun āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Inc. There is many water in the pond.
Corr. Ther is much water in the pond
ī īĄ āĻŗāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¯āĻŖā§ Hundred, thousand, million, billion, dozen, pair āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯ āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĨ āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯ s āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤
āĻ´ā§ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻ āĻŗāĻĢ Word āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻŽāĻ°āĻĻ āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻ¨āĻ°āĻĻā§āĻŋ āĻŗāĻāĻāĻ¯āĻžāĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ āĻąāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ°āĻ ā§āĻžāĻ´āĻ°āĻ° āĻāĻāĻŗāĻĢ āĻąāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¯ āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĨ s āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤
āĻāĻ¯āĻ°ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. I need four thousands taka.
Corr. I need four thousand taka.
Inc. Hundred of people went there.
Corr. Hundreds of people went there.
ī
ī īĄ āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻā§āĻžāĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻĢ One āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° āĻ´āĻ°āĻ¯āĻ¯ āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĨ s āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ°āĻĢ One āĻĢāĻžāĻ°āĻĻ Two, Three... āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° āĻ´āĻ°āĻ¯āĻ¯
āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĨ s āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢ āĻāĻĢāĻ āĻŠāĻ¯āĻĢā§ā§ā§ Noun Singular āĻĢāĻž Uncountable āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° Verb āĻ°āĻŋ Singular āĻ āĻĨāĻĢāĻž āĻŠāĻ¯āĻĢā§ā§ā§ Noun
āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° PluralāĻ´āĻ°āĻ° Verb āĻ Plural āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
Inc. One thirds of the work are finished.
Corr. One third of work is finished.
Inc. Two third of the players is here.
Corr. Two thirds of the players are here.
Inc. He gave false witness.
Corr. He gave false evidence.
Inc. Learn this poem by memory.
Corr. Learn this poem by heart.
Inc. This is a true fact.
Corr. This is a fact.
Inc. We enjoyed the theatre.
Corr. We enjoyed the play.
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ī īĄ Others āĻŗāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¯āĻŖā§ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§ āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ Other āĻąāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ°āĻŋ āĻĢāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ Plural Noun āĻāĻ¯ āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĨ
āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ ā§āĻ°āĻĢ āĻāĻ°āĻ Noun āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻ°âāĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻ° āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ Other āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´āĻ°ā§ āĻŠāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯āĨ¤
1. Inc. I bought some books, paper and others.
Corr. I bought some books, paper and other things.
2. Inc. Learn this poem by memory.
Corr. Learn this poem by heart.
ī īĄ āĻāĻāĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻžā§ Noun āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻžāĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻ¯āĻžāĻ§ āĻāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¯ That of āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻ¯āĻž āĻ´ā§, āĻāĻ°ā§āĻāĻ°āĻŋ Plural Noun āĻāĻ¯
āĻŠā§āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻžāĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻ¯āĻžāĻ§ āĻāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¯ Those of āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻ¯āĻž āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
1. Inc. The station of Dhaka is larger than the station of Rangpur.
Corr. The station of Dhaka is larger than that of Rangpur.
2. Inc. The stations of Feni is larger than the station of Comilla.
Corr. The stations of Feni is larger than those of Comilla.
ī īĄ āĻŗāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¯āĻŖ āĻĢāĻŖā§āĻ¨āĻžā§ āĻĢāĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻ°āĻž āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¯ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻ°ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ¯ 231 āĻ āĻĨā§āĻžā§ 2nd, 3rd, 1st person āĻāĻ Sequence
āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžā§ā§ āĻĢāĻŗāĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
Inc. He, I and you will help the boy.
Corr. You, he and I will help the boy.
ī īĄ āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ¯āĻžāĻŠ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¯ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§āĻā§ āĻ°ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻĢāĻž āĻĢāĻŖā§āĻ¨āĻžā§ 123 āĻ āĻĨā§āĻžā§ 1
st
, 3
rd
, 2nd person āĻāĻ Sequence āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžā§ā§ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¯
Pronoun āĻĢāĻŗāĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
Inc. You, I and he committed the crime.
Corr. I, he and you committed the crime.
ī īĄ Interrogative Pronoun āĻŽāĻāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¯āĻ¯Subject āĻ°āĻ´āĻ°āĻŗāĻ°āĻĢ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§ āĻāĻĢāĻ Sentence āĻ°āĻŋ āĻŽāĻ°āĻĻ
Indefinite tense āĻ´ā§ ā§āĻ°āĻĢ Auxiliary verb āĻĢāĻŗāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ´ā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
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Inc. Who did say it?
Corr. Who said it?
āĻ°āĻĢāĻŋāĻ āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ Pronoun āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ°āĻ¯āĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ āĻŗāĻĢā§āĻĻāĻž āĻ¤āĻā§āĻžāĻ° āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ Pronoun āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻ¨ Noun āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. Everyone should respect their teachers.
Corr. Everyone should respect his teachers.
ī īĄ Relative Pronoun āĻ Antecedent āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžā§ā§ verb āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Inc. It is I who has helped the student.
Corr. It is I who have helped the student.
ī īĄ Relative Pronoun āĻ Antecedent âtheyâ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ´āĻ°ā§ those āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. They who are late will be fined.
Corr. Those who are late will be fined.
ī īĄ Relative Pronoun āĻ°āĻ´āĻ°āĻŗāĻ°āĻĢ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ That āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻĢā§ Preposition āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ āĻ¨āĻž, Preposition āĻāĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ°ā§āĻžāĻāĻ¨
āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° ā§āĻž āĻĢāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¯āĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻąāĻ°āĻ˛ āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Inc. Rahim is the boy of that told you.
Corr. Rahim is the boy that told you of.
ī īĄ As āĻŽāĻāĻ¨ Relative Pronoun āĻ°āĻ´āĻ°āĻŗāĻ°āĻĢ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§ ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻĢā§ āĻ āĻĢāĻąāĻ¯āĻ The same/such/as/so āĻĢāĻŗāĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
Inc. This is the pen as I gave you.
Corr. This is the same pen as I gave you.
ī īĄ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĢāĻž āĻĢāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻ āĻ°āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻ¯ āĻ āĻā§āĻ āĻĢāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯āĻ°āĻā§āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻĢā§ The āĻ¨āĻž āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ Possessive Pronoun āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Inc. They pulled him by the car.
Corr. They pulled him by his car.
ī īĄ āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ Pronoun āĻāĻ¯ āĻ°āĻŋāĻ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯āĻ āĻŽāĻ°āĻĻ verb āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯ āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĨ ing āĻĨāĻžāĻ°āĻ ā§āĻ°āĻĢ Person āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯
Possessive form āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
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Inc. They insisted on I going there.
Corr. They insisted on my going there.
ī īĄ Admit, Absent, enjoy, Avail āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŦā§ āĻ°ā§ verb āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ Reflexive Pronoun āĻĢāĻŗāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
Inc. Karim admitted into this University.
Corr. Karim admitted himself into this University.
ī īĄ Reflexive Pronoun āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ verb āĻāĻ¯ Subject āĻ°āĻ´āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĢ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´āĻ°ā§ āĻŠāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
Inc. Karim and herself do this.
Corr. Karim and she will do this.
ī īĄ Indirect Narration āĻāĻ¯ āĻ¤ā§āĻ°ā§ Relative Pronoun āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻ° ā§āĻžāĻ°ā§ That āĻ¨āĻž āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ āĻ Relative
Pronoun āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Inc. He asked me that what my name is?
Corr. He asked me what my name is?
ī īĄ One āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ Sentence āĻāĻ¯ Subject āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯āĻĢāĻ°ā§ā§ he āĻĢāĻž him āĻ¨āĻž āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ one āĻĢāĻž his āĻ¨āĻž āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ oneâs
āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Inc. One should do his duty.
Corr. One should do oneâs duty.
ī īĄ Possessive Pronoun āĻĢāĻž Noun āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ Relative Pronoun āĻāĻ¯ Antecedent āĻ°āĻ´āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĢ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´āĻ°ā§ āĻŠāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯
āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻ°āĻĻāĻ¯ Idiomatic expression āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻžāĻ§āĻ¯āĻ°āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻą āĻāĻ¯āĻ°ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. These are the Commanderâs orders that must be obeyed.
Corr. These are the orders of the Commander that must be obeyed.
ī īĄ āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻŋ āĻŠā§āĻĨāĻ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĢāĻž āĻĢāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻžāĻĻāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻĢā§āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ One, another, the other āĻāĻ Sequence āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Ex: One boy was writing another boy was singing and the other was sleeping.
ī īĄ āĻāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ§āĻ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĢāĻž āĻĢāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ°āĻ āĻ°ā§āĻ¨āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ Group āĻ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻą āĻāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻ¨āĻ¯
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Some..........,other............, the other/the rest..... āĻāĻ Sequence āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. Some boys are writing, the other boys are singing and theother boys are sleeping.
Corr. Some boys are writing, other boys are singing and the otherboys are sleeping.
āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ some other/the other on the rest āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĢāĻž āĻĢāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ noun āĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻ°
some + V......, Other + V............., the others + V........āĻāĻ Sequence āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. Some of the students are bright, other are attentive and the other are dull.
Corr. Some of the students are bright, others are attentive and theothers are dull.
ī īĄ Sentence āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻ§āĻ¯ Adverb āĻāĻ¯ āĻ°āĻĢāĻ¨āĻ¯āĻžāĻŗ āĻŽāĻĨāĻžāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻžāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° Sentence incorrect āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ Adverb āĻŗāĻĢāĻŗāĻā§
Transitive verb āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻ āĻĢāĻž āĻāĻ¯ Object āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻā§āĻžāĻ° āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻ¨ ā§āĻž verb āĻ Object āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ
āĻ¨āĻž āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Inc. Karim did well his work.
Corr. Karim did his work well.
ī īĄ āĻ°āĻā§ā§ āĻ°āĻā§ā§ Verb- seem, smell, look, fell, taste, appear āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻĻ linking verb āĻāĻ¯
āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ Adverb āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯āĻĢāĻ°ā§ā§ Adjective āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
Inc. She looks nicely.
Corr. She looks nice
ī īĄ Know āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ to infinitive āĻ¨ā§ how to infinitive āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻ¯āĻ°ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. He does not know to swim.
Corr. He does not know how to swim.
ī īĄ Appoint, make, select, consider āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻĻ āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§ as āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
Inc. I consider him as an honest man.
Corr. I consider him an honest man.
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ī īĄ āĻ°āĻā§ā§ āĻ°āĻā§ā§ Adjective āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨- round, unique, chief, golden, equal, universal
āĻā§āĻ¯āĻ°āĻĻ āĻāĻ°āĻĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻāĻ°āĻ¨āĻž Comparative āĻĢāĻž Superlative Degree āĻ´ā§ āĻ¨āĻž, āĻāĻ°āĻĻāĻ¯ āĻŗāĻĢāĻŗāĻā§
Positive Degree āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. He was the goldenest boy of the class.
Corr. He was the golden boy of the class.
ī īĄ āĻāĻžāĻĻāĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻąāĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ Tough āĻ´ā§, hard āĻ¨ā§āĨ¤
Inc. This cake is hard.
Corr. This cake is tough.
ī īĄ āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻ§āĻ¯ ā§ā§āĻ°āĻ¨āĻž āĻĢā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ° Comparative āĻ´ā§, Superlative āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻĢāĻ two āĻāĻ°āĻ°âāĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻ° the āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Inc. Of the two boys, Karim is the best.
Corr. Of the two boys, Karim is the berrer.
ī īĄ āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻā§ā§āĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯āĻĢā§ā§āĻ¨ āĻ´āĻ°ā§ āĻĢā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ° Double Comparative āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. I am getting fat and fatter.
Corr. I am getting fatter and fatter.
ī īĄ āĻāĻāĻ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻĢāĻž āĻĢāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻ§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻžāĻ¯ āĻā§āĻ¨ āĻĢā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ° er āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ°āĻ Comparative āĻ´ā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ more āĻĢāĻž less āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĻ°ā§
Comparative āĻāĻ¯āĻ°ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. Mr. Masud is taller than fat.
Corr. Mr. Masud is more tall than fat.
ī
ī īĄ ā§ā§āĻ°āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯ āĻŗāĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻāĻ°āĻŋ Possessive Case āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ Possessive Case āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
Inc. Masudâs hair is taller than Bonny.
Corr. Masudâs hair is taller than Bonnyâs.
ī īĄ āĻāĻāĻ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¯ Double Comparative āĻĢāĻž Double Superlative āĻ´ā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
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Inc. He is comparatively better today.
Corr. He is comparatively well today.
Corr. He is better today.
ī īĄ Very āĻ much āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ°āĻ¯āĻ¯ āĻŠāĻžāĻĨā§āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻ āĻ¤āĻŽ, Very āĻŗāĻĢāĻŗāĻā§ Positive degree āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻĢā§ āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ āĻāĻĢāĻ much
āĻŗāĻĢāĻŗāĻā§ Comparative degree āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻĢā§ āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Inc. He is very better today.
Corr. He is much better today.
Inc. This novel is much interesting.
Corr. This novel is
ī īĄ āĻā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž Latin Comparative āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨: Senior, Junior, Inferior, Superior āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻĢā§
more āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻĢāĻ than āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯āĻĢāĻ°ā§ā§ to āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Inc. Nahid is more superior than Karim.
Corr. Nahid is superior to karim.
ī īĄ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¯ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĢā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ° āĻĢāĻ¯āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻĢā§ by āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ āĻāĻĢāĻ āĻĢāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻžāĻ āĻĢā§āĻāĻ°āĻ° āĻĢāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻĢā§ with āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Inc. I killed the snake by a stick.
Corr. I killed the snake with the stick.
Inc. The stick is broken with Karim.
Corr. The stick is broken by Karim.
ī īĄ āĻ°āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻž ā§āĻžāĻ°āĻ¯āĻ°āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻĢā§ on , āĻāĻžāĻŗ/āĻĢā§āĻ¯/āĻ¤āĻā§āĻŗā§āĻ°āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻĢā§ in āĻāĻĢāĻ āĻ°āĻ¨āĻ°āĻĻā§āĻŋ āĻŗāĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻĢā§ at āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
āĻŗāĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻžāĻŠāĻžāĻ¯āĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžā§āĻ āĻŦā§ āĻ° āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻŠāĻžā§ āĻāĻŋāĻ
* at + clock time * in + part of day * on + particular day.
Inc. I shall complete the work in Sunday on March.
Corr. I shall complete the work on Sunday in March.
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ī īĄ āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻŗāĻāĻ° word āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ preposition āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§ ā§āĻžāĻ°āĻĻāĻ¯ Infinitive āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ´āĻ°ā§ Gerund
āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
Inc. Refrain to do.
Corr.Refrain from doing.
ī īĄ āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻāĻŠāĻžāĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¨āĻ¯ āĻŗāĻžāĻ´āĻžāĻ°āĻŽāĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻ°āĻāĻž āĻ´ā§ ā§āĻž āĻĢā§āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ in āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ āĻāĻĢāĻ āĻ°āĻĢāĻ°āĻąāĻ˛ āĻŽāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻŗāĻžāĻ´āĻžāĻ°āĻŽāĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻ°āĻāĻž āĻ´ā§ ā§āĻž āĻĢā§āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ with
āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Inc. He writes with ink in pen.
Corr. He writes with pen in ink.
ī īĄ Compare āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ¯ with āĻāĻĢāĻ to āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻžāĻ āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ āĻŽāĻāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§āĻ¯ āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĨ ā§āĻāĻ¨ with āĻāĻĢāĻ āĻŽāĻāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤āĻ¯ āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĨ ā§āĻāĻ¨ to
āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Inc. Compare your book to mine.
Corr. Compare your book with mine.
ī īĄ āĻŽāĻāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¯ āĻ§āĻžāĻ¯āĻžāĻĢāĻžāĻ°āĻ´āĻāĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻĢ āĻā§āĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž ā§āĻĨāĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻĻā§āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ°āĻ ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¯āĻ¯ āĻŗāĻĢāĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž Form āĻāĻāĻ āĻ¯āĻžāĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻž
āĻąāĻŦā§āĻĻ Noun āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŋāĻžāĻ Noun, Gerund āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŋāĻžāĻ Gerund, Adverb āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° Adverb āĻāĻĢāĻ Infinitive āĻ´āĻ°āĻ°
āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯āĻ¯āĻŋāĻžāĻ Infinitive āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
1. Nouns: The Children played on the swings, slides and seesaw.
2. Gerund: Reading, Writing and Calculating are important to learn.
3. Infinitive : After her accident he had to learn how to speak, to walk and to write again.
4. Verb: We will run, swim and play.
5. Adjective : Belly is short, ugly and vivacious.
6. Adverb: The car runs efficiently, quickly and dependably.
Inc.At the party the children joined hands, sang songs and were playing circle game.
Corr. At the party the children joined hands, sang songs and played circle games.
Inc. Reading, writing and watch TV is my hobby.
Corr. Reading, writing and watching TV is my hobby.
Note: Reading, writing āĻāĻ¯ parallel āĻāĻ°āĻ¯ watching āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤
Inc. He went there to play, to eat and drinking.
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Corr. He went there to play, to eat and to drink.
ī īĄ āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻąāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž āĻĢāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¯āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻžāĻĢāĻžāĻĨā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻą āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ āĻĢāĻĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ¤āĻŗāĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻžāĻ Redundant- āĻāĻ¯ āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻŠā§āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻžāĻĢā§āĻ°āĻŋāĨ¤ āĻ
āĻąāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ°ā§āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§ā§, ā§āĻ°āĻĢ āĻ°āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ°āĻ´āĻ°āĻŗāĻ°āĻĢ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯ āĻ´ā§, āĻąāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻāĻāĻ āĻ¨āĻž āĻ´āĻ°āĻ°āĻ āĻāĻ°āĻĻāĻ¯ āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻāĻāĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ°āĻ¯
āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ¯ āĻĢāĻžāĻšā§āĻ°āĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ˛ āĻĻā§āĻŋ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯ āĻ°āĻ¨āĻ˛āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ°ā§āĻžāĻāĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ°ā§āĻžāĻāĻ¨āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻā§āĻ¤ ā§āĻĨāĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻĻā§āĻž āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° āĻ¤āĻŗāĻŋāĻžāĻ°āĻ
Redundant- āĻĢāĻ°āĻž āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ āĻ āĻ§āĻ¯āĻ°āĻ¨āĻ¯ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ¯ āĻŦā§ āĻ°āĨ¤
āĻ°āĻ¨āĻ°āĻ āĻ āĻ§āĻ¯āĻ°āĻ¨āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻā§ā§ āĻ°āĻāĻļā§āĻ° āĻąāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¯ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ°ā§āĻžāĻ āĻ¤āĻĻāĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¨āĻž āĻ´āĻ°āĻ°āĻžāĨ¤
Advance, forward, proceed, progress forward- āĻ āĻ§āĻ¯āĻ°āĻ¨āĻ¯ word combination āĻĢāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻ¯āĻž āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° ā§āĻž
āĻŦā§ āĻ° āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤ Advance, forward, proceed- āĻ āĻąāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯ āĻ āĻĨā§ âto move in a forward directionâ. āĻŗā§ā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ āĻ
āĻąāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻžāĻ¯ āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĨ forward āĻ¤āĻŽāĻžāĻ āĻāĻ¯āĻ°ā§ āĻ´āĻ°āĻĢ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
Inc.The army advanced forward after the big battle.
Corr. The army advance after the big battle.
Or The army move forward after the big battle.
Inc. The peace talks advanced.
Corr. The peace talks progressed.
ī īĄ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ°ā§āĻ°āĻŋ word- āĻāĻ¯ Noun, adjective, verb āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻĻ form āĻ¯āĻ°ā§āĻ°ā§āĨ¤ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ°āĻ¯āĻ¯ āĻŗāĻā§
āĻŗāĻ°āĻŋāĻ form āĻ°āĻŋ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻ¯āĻ°ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. The exploration was a big, good-natured man.
Corr. The explorer was a big, good-natured man.
Inc. A new colonization was established in Afghanistan.
Corr. A new colony was established in Afghanistan.
Inc.The disturb cased the real to move her pups.
Corr. The disturbance cased the real to move her pups.
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Inc. Inside the forest, the active is constant.
Corr. Inside the forest, the activity is constant.
Inc. During the ten years he was a politic.
Corr. During the ten years he was a politician.
ī īĄ Principal Clause- āĻāĻ¯ verb āĻ°āĻŋ if āĻ´āĻ°āĻ°, ā§āĻž āĻŽāĻ°āĻĻ Affirmative āĻ´ā§ ā§āĻ°āĻĢ āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ if āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ āĻāĻĢāĻ āĻŽāĻ°āĻĻ
Negative āĻĢāĻž Interrogative āĻ´ā§ ā§āĻ°āĻĢ ā§āĻžāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ that āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Inc. He doubt that he is a thief.
Corr. He doubts if he is a thief.
Inc. I do not doubt if he will help us.
Corr. I do not doubt that he will help us.
Inc. Do you doubt if he will give the book?
Corr. Do you doubt that he will give the book?
ī īĄ Possessive Noun-Gi āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ house, shop āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻĻ āĻāĻ´āĻ¯ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻ° āĻ Possessive Pronoun- āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻāĻ´āĻ¯
āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ°ā§ āĻŠāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
Inc. We live in the boarding.
Corr. We live in the boarding house.
Inc. He is my younger.
Corr. He is my younger brother.
ī īĄ āĻāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯āĻĢāĻ°ā§ā§ Other āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§ āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĢāĻž āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻžāĻ°āĻ¨āĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯āĻĢāĻ°ā§ā§ āĻ´ā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
Inc. We will buy paper, shirt, pen, shoe and others.
Corr. We will buy paper, shirt, pen, shoe and other things.
ī īĄ Relative Pronoun āĻŗāĻĢ āĻŗāĻā§ Antecedent āĻāĻ¯ āĻ°āĻ¨āĻāĻ°āĻŋ āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
Inc. The boy will get a prize who works hard.
Corr. The boy who works hard will get a prize.
ī īĄ āĻāĻ āĻāĻžā§ā§ā§ āĻŠāĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻ§āĻ¯ ā§ā§āĻ°āĻ¨āĻž āĻ´āĻ°ā§ āĻŠāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯, āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻžā§ā§ā§ āĻŠāĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻ§āĻ¯ ā§ā§āĻ°āĻ¨āĻž āĻ´āĻ°ā§ āĻŠāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
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Inc. Rams book is better than Shamim.
Corr. Ramâs book is better than that of Shamim.
Corr. Ramâs book is better than Shamimâs book.
ī īĄ āĻāĻ āĻāĻžā§ā§ā§ āĻŠāĻĻāĻžāĻ°āĻĨā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻ§āĻ¯ ā§ā§āĻ°āĻ¨āĻž āĻāĻ¯āĻ°āĻ° than āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ all other āĻĢāĻž any other āĻĢāĻŗāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
Inc. Kalidas was greater than all poets.
Corr. Kalidas was greater than all other poets.
ī īĄ Finite verb- āĻāĻ¯ Nominative, âHeâ-Gi āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĨ being āĻŗāĻāĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ´āĻ°ā§ āĻŠāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
Inc. Being a hot day he went out with an umbrella.
Corr. It being a hot day he went out with an umbrella.
ī īĄ Participle- āĻāĻ¯ āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĨ āĻā§ā§āĻžāĻ¯ āĻŗāĻāĻ°āĻŽāĻžāĻ āĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻ° āĻāĻ´āĻž āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨ Clause āĻ āĻāĻ¯āĻ°ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. Walking in the street a snake bit him.
Corr. While he was walking in the street, a snake bit him.
ī īĄ Supposition āĻ°āĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻā§ ā§ āĻ āĻĢāĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻžāĻ¯ āĻ°āĻĢāĻ°āĻ¯āĻžāĻ§ā§ āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° verb singular āĻ¨āĻž āĻ´āĻ°ā§ Plural āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
Inc. I shall be glad if the boy was let off.
Corr. I shall be glad if the boy were let off.
ī īĄ Full āĻŽāĻāĻ¨ āĻ āĻ¨āĻ¯ āĻāĻāĻ°āĻŋ word-Gi āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĨ āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ´ā§ ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻļā§āĻ§ā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻ¤āĻąāĻ°āĻ˛āĻ¯ âlâ āĻ°āĻŋ āĻĢāĻžāĻĻ āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
Inc. The cow is a usefull animal.
Corr. The cow is a useful animal.
ī īĄ Yet āĻ already āĻ ā§ā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻāĻ āĻ āĻ°āĻ¨āĻ°āĻĻā§āĻŋ āĻŗāĻā§ āĻ°āĻā§ā§ āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ°ā§ āĻĢāĻž āĻāĻ°āĻŋāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻĢā§āĻāĻžāĻ°ā§ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§
āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ already āĻŗāĻĢā§āĻĻāĻž affirmative sentence-G āĻāĻĢāĻ yet āĻŗāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¯āĻŖā§ negative sentence- āĻ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Shanta has already read the book.
I have yet learn the skill.
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ī īĄ Too āĻŗāĻĢā§āĻĻāĻž negativeāĻ āĻĨā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻą āĻāĻ°āĻ¯āĨ¤ āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻžāĻ§āĻ¯āĻ°āĻ āĻĢā§āĻāĻž āĻŽāĻžā§ āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻ°âāĻ°āĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŗāĻŽā§āĻāĻĢ āĻ¨ā§āĨ¤
āĻ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°āĻ enough āĻŗāĻĢā§āĻĻāĻž positive āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻāĻžāĻą āĻāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻ āĻĨā§āĻžā§ āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻžāĻ§āĻ¯āĻ°āĻ āĻĢā§āĻāĻž āĻŽāĻžā§ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻ°âāĻ°āĻā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻŋ āĻŗāĻŽā§āĻāĻĢāĨ¤
āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
Biplob is too clever to be trusted.
Mr. Rahman is old enough to know better.
ī īĄ Quite āĻąāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¯ āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻŗāĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻĢ āĻĢāĻž āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻžāĻŠā§āĻ°āĻ¯āĻŦāĻžāĻ°āĻĢāĨ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻŋ āĻāĻāĻ°āĻŋ adverb. āĻ āĻ¨āĻ¯āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°āĻ quite āĻąāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ°āĻŋ
adjective āĻĢāĻž noun āĻ°āĻ´āĻ°āĻŗāĻ°āĻĢ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´āĻ°ā§ āĻŠāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯āĨ¤ āĻāĻ¯ āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻąāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤, āĻā§āĻŠ āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻž āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻĻāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
The answer is quite digressive.
Keep quite in the classroom.
ī īĄ Lie āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻ°āĻĢāĻļā§āĻ°āĻžāĻ āĻāĻ¯āĻž, āĻ¤āĻąāĻžā§āĻž, āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻĨāĻžāĻ āĻ āĻĢāĻžāĻ°āĻŋā§ āĻ´āĻā§āĻž āĻā§āĻ¯āĻžāĻ°āĻĻāĨ¤ āĻāĻ¯ past formāĻ´āĻ°ā§ lay āĻāĻĢāĻ past
participle āĻ´āĻ°ā§ lam āĻ°āĻāĻĨāĻ¯āĻž āĻĢāĻ°āĻž āĻ āĻ°āĻĨā§ lie āĻāĻ¯ past āĻ past participle āĻ´āĻ°ā§ lied. lie āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨
complement āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ lay āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻ āĻĢāĻž āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻā§ā§āĻ°āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻžāĻŠāĻ¨ āĻāĻ¯āĻž āĨ¤ āĻāĻ¯ past āĻāĻĢāĻ past participle āĻāĻŦā§
āĻ´āĻ°ā§ laid āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ complement āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
The University lies on the western section of the town.
The enemy soldiers laid down their weapons and surrendered.
ī īĄ Dispite āĻāĻĢāĻ in spite āĻāĻ āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋ preposition âāĻŽāĻ°āĻĻāĻâ āĻ āĻ°āĻĨā§ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ āĻāĻ°āĻĻāĻ¯ āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻāĻāĻ āĻāĻĢāĻ āĻāĻāĻ°āĻŋ
āĻ āĻŠāĻ¯āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯āĻĢāĻ°ā§ā§ āĻĢāĻŗāĻ°ā§ āĻŠāĻžāĻ°āĻ¯āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
Rima can be admitted to the university dispite her bad grades.
Rima can be admitted to the university in sipte of her bad grades.
ī īĄ Sit āĻąāĻ°āĻŦā§āĻĻāĻ¯ āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻĢāĻŗāĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ¯ past āĻ past participle āĻāĻŦā§ form-B āĻ´āĻ°ā§ sat. āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯
complement āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ set āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻ āĻĢāĻž āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ°āĻā§ā§āĻ°āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨā§āĻžāĻŠāĻ¨ āĻāĻ¯āĻžāĨ¤ āĻāĻ¯ past āĻ past participle āĻāĻŦā§ form-
B āĻ´āĻ°ā§ set. āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ complement āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
Being tired, I sat down under a tree.
The botanist set her plants in the sun so that they would grow.
ī īĄ Due to āĻ owing to āĻāĻŦā§āĻ āĻ°āĻ¨āĻ°āĻāĻŋāĻžāĻ°āĻĨā§ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§, āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻāĻĻāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻ āĻ¨ā§āĨ¤ due to āĻŗāĻžāĻ§āĻžāĻ¯āĻŖā§
noun āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ āĻāĻĢāĻ owing to verb- āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
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1. Inc. Owing to some difficulties I am unable to do it.
Corr. My inability to do, it is due to some difficulties.
2. Inc. Due to the accident I could not go.
Corr. Owing to the accident, I could not go.
ī īĄ Devoted āĻ addicted āĻāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻāĻŗāĻā§āĻ¤āĨ¤ āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ°āĻ¯āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻĢāĻ°āĻ§ āĻāĻ āĻ¨ā§āĨ¤ Devoted āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ
āĻāĻŗāĻā§āĻ¤, āĻāĻ¯ addicted āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ āĻāĻŗāĻā§āĻ¤āĨ¤ āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ preposition toāĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
1. Inc. He is addicted in study.
Corr. He is devoted to study.
2. Inc. Shabana is devoted from gambling.
Corr. Shabana is addicted to gambling.
ī īĄ Let āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻž āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ sentence āĻāĻ¯āĻŽā§āĻ āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° Let- āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻŗāĻĢā§āĻĻāĻž Objective case āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
1. Inc. Let you and he be witness.
Corr. Let you and him be witness.
2. Inc. Let you and I lead the way.
Corr. Let you and me lead the way.
ī īĄ Preposition āĻŽāĻāĻ¨ Subject āĻ°āĻ´āĻ°āĻŗāĻ°āĻĢ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§ ā§āĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻĻāĻ¯ Object āĻŗāĻĢ āĻŗāĻā§ Objective case
āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
1. Inc. Between you and I.
Corr. Between you and me.
2. Inc. Against you and I go together.
Corr. Against you and me go together.
ī īĄ āĻŽāĻāĻ¨ āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ Sentence- āĻ āĻ°āĻāĻ°āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻ°âāĻ āĻĨāĻžāĻ°āĻ ā§āĻāĻ¨ Oâclock āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ°āĻāĻ°āĻ¨āĻŋ āĻāĻ°āĻ°âāĻ āĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻ°
Oâclock āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
1. Inc. I shall start by the 6:30 oâclock train.
Corr. I shall start by the 6:30 train.
2. Inc. I shall start by the 5 train.
Corr. I shall start by the 5 oâclock train.
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ī īĄ āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻžāĻŖā§ āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻĢ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻĢā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ° drown āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§ āĻāĻĢāĻ āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻ¸ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĄā§āĻ°āĻĢ āĻŽāĻžāĻā§āĻž āĻĢā§āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ° sink āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻ¯āĻ°ā§
āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ âsinkâ intransitive verb āĻĢāĻ°āĻ° active voice āĻ´ā§ āĻāĻĢāĻ âdownâ passive voice- āĻ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
1. Inc. The ship was drowned.
Corr. The ship sank.
2. Inc. The dove is sank in the pond.
Corr. The dove drowned in the pond.
ī īĄ Until āĻ unless āĻāĻŦā§āĻ āĻ¨āĻž-āĻ¤āĻĢāĻžāĻ§āĻ āĻĢāĻž Negative. ā§āĻžāĻ āĻāĻā§āĻ°āĻ°āĻž āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§ āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻŋāĻ¨ āĻāĻ¯āĻ°ā§ āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° āĻ¨ā§ā§āĻ¨ āĻāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻāĻ¯
do not āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĻ°ā§ Negative āĻāĻ¯āĻžāĻ¯ āĻĻāĻ¯āĻāĻžāĻ¯ āĻ´ā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
1. Inc. Wait until I don not return.
Corr. Wait until I return.
2. Inc. Unless you do not work, you will fail.
Corr. Unless you work, you will fail.
ī īĄ Hang āĻ verb-Gi past participle âhungâ āĻ hanged āĻāĻŦā§āĻ āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯ āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ āĻāĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻ āĻĨā§
āĻā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻ°āĻ¨āĻž āĻ°āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§ hanged āĻĒāĻžāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻŗāĻ¯ āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻŋ āĻā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻ°āĻ¨āĻž āĻĢā§āĻāĻžā§ āĻāĻĢāĻ hung āĻ āĻ¨āĻ¯ āĻ°āĻā§ā§ āĻā§ āĻ°āĻžāĻ°āĻ¨āĻž āĻĢā§āĻāĻžā§āĨ¤
1. Inc. The picture was hanged in the fence.
Corr. The picture was hung in the fence.
2. Inc. He was hung for murder.
Corr. He was hanged for murder.
ī īĄ Deny āĻ refuse āĻāĻ¯ āĻ āĻĨā§ āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻ¯āĻž āĻ´āĻ°āĻ°āĻ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯ āĻā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ°āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āĻ¨āĨ¤ deny āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻ ā§ā§ā§ āĻāĻžāĻ
āĻ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦā§āĻāĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻ¯āĻž āĻāĻ¯ refuse āĻāĻžāĻ°āĻ¨ āĻĢā§ā§āĻāĻžāĻ¨ āĻ āĻŦāĻ°āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¯āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻžāĻ A¯^xKvi āĻāĻ¯āĻžāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
1. Inc. Why did you refuse this?
Corr. Why did you deny this?
2. Inc. Why will you deny the truth?
Corr. Why will you refuse the truth?
ī īĄ Direct Narration āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° Subject āĻŗāĻĢā§āĻĻāĻž Nominative-Gi āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻĢā§ āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗ āĻāĻĢāĻ Indirect
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Narration āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° Verb āĻ¤āĻŗāĻ°ā§āĻ°ā§ Nominative āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠāĻ°āĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
1. Inc. Tell me how are you.
Corr. Tell me how you are.
2. Inc. Inform me what are you doing now.
Corr. Inform me what you are doing now.
3. Inc. Whom you do want?
Corr. Whom do you want?
ī īĄ With āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻž āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋ Subject āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° with āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻĢā§āĻ¯ Subject āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžā§ā§ Verb āĻāĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯
āĻāĻ¯āĻ°ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
Inc. The president with all his advisers were present in the meeting.
Corr. The president with all his advisers was present in the meeting.
ī īĄ As well as āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻž āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋ Subject āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻĨāĻ Subject āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžā§ā§ verb āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
Inc. Becon as well as Shakespeare were dead.
Corr. Becon as well as Shakespeare was dead.
Inc. He as well as his friends are present here.
Corr. He as well as his friends is present here.
ī īĄ After āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāĻ¯āĻž āĻĻā§āĻ°āĻŋ Noun āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤ āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° After āĻāĻ¯ āĻŠā§āĻ°āĻĢā§āĻ¯ Noun āĻ āĻ¨ā§āĻŽāĻžā§ā§ Verb āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
Inc. Blow after blow have made the thief senseless.
Corr. Blow after blow has made the thief senseless.
ī īĄ āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻ§āĻ¯ āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° each other āĻĻā§āĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻ āĻ°āĻ§āĻ āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° one another āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯ āĻāĻ¯āĻ°ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ āĻ¤āĻŽāĻāĻ¨-
Inc. The two brothers loved one another.
Corr. The two brothers loved each other.
Inc. Society can not progress if men do not help each other.
Corr. Society can not progress if men do not help one another.
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ī īĄ Can and may āĻāĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯āĨ¤
Inc. It can rain today.
Corr. It may rain today.
Inc. We can go campaign this summer.
Corr. We may go campaign this summer.
Inc. There can be a strike next week.
Corr. There may be a strike next week.
ī īĄ All and whole āĻāĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯āĨ¤
Inc. She has eaten all a loaf.
Corr. She has eaten a whole loaf.
Note: Indefinite article āĻāĻ¯ āĻāĻ°āĻ all āĻ´ā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
Inc. I have drunk the whole milk.
Corr. I have drunk all of the milk.
Note: āĻ¤āĻĢāĻ°āĻąāĻ¯ āĻŦāĻžāĻ uncountable noun-Gi āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĨ all (of) āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. All we can come tomorrow.
Corr. All of us can come tomorrow.
Note: Personal Pronoun āĻāĻ¯ āĻŗāĻžāĻ°āĻĨ all + of + object form āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
ī īĄ Allow, permit and let āĻāĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯āĨ¤
Inc. We donât allow smoke in the kitchen.
Corr. We donât allow smoking in the kitchen.
Note: āĻ¤āĻāĻžāĻ¨ Personal object āĻ¨āĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻāĻ°āĻ° ing form āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻšā§ā§ āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. It is not allowed to smoke here.
Corr. It is not permitted to smoke here.
Note: Passive structure it āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§ āĻļā§āĻ°ā§ āĻ´āĻ°āĻ° allow āĻ´ā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
Inc. Let the children to stay up.
Corr. Let the children stay up.
Note: Let āĻāĻ¯ infinitive without to āĻĢāĻ°āĻŗāĨ¤
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Inc. He was let to go home.
Corr. He was allowed to go home.
Note: Passive form-G let āĻ´ā§ āĻ¨āĻžāĨ¤
ī īĄ Enjoy- āĻāĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯āĨ¤
Inc. I really enjoyed when I went to Rome.
Corr. I really enjoyed myself when I went to Rome.
Note :āĻŽāĻāĻ¨ āĻāĻāĻ¯āĻž āĻŦāĻžāĻ° āĻŗāĻāĻ°ā§āĻ¯ āĻāĻĨāĻž āĻĢāĻ°āĻ° ā§āĻāĻ¨ enjoy āĻ´ā§āĨ¤ āĻ āĻ¨āĻ¯ āĻŗāĻā§ enjoy +
noun/pronoun+ ing āĻ´ā§āĨ¤
Inc. I donât enjoy to look after children.
Corr. I donât enjoy looking after children.
ī īĄ For and since- āĻāĻ¯ āĻĢāĻ¯āĻĢāĻ´āĻžāĻ¯āĨ¤
Inc. I have known Sipu since three days.
Corr. I have known Sipu for three days.
Inc. She has been working here for July.
Corr. She has been working here since july.
Note: For āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§ āĻā§ āĻ°āĻĻāĻ¨ āĻĢāĻž āĻā§ āĻŗāĻā§ āĻ āĻĨā§āĻžā§ period āĻ¤āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻžā§ āĻāĻĢāĻ since āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°ā§ āĻāĻāĻ¨
āĻ¤āĻĨāĻ°āĻ āĻ āĻĨā§āĻžā§ starting point āĻ¤āĻĢāĻžāĻāĻžā§āĨ¤
The following suffixes usually indicate
-ion,-sion, -tion
-acy
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Use the simple present tense in future-time clauses (when the action will take place
sometime in future). Never use âwillâ or âgoing toâ in future-time clauses. Time clauses
are introduced by such words as when, while, after, before, as soon as, etc
will, going to
The simple verb (V) is used for all persons in a noun clause after the following verbs
ask (when it means request) Use ânotâ to make the verb negative Donât use âdonâtâ
1. Present wishes are expressed in the past tense
2. Always use âwereâ in the present wishes for to âbeâ
3. Past wishes are expressed in the past perfect
If + present >> future (result)
If + past >> would (modal) + V (result)
If + past perfect >> would + have + past participle II
demand
insist
require
suggest
recommend
urgu
advise
request
be necessary
be required
be essential
be important
+ V
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a. In general, avoid using âwouldâ in the if-clause
b. In present-time unreal if-clauses, the correct form of the verb âto beâ for all persons
is âwereâ
1. modal + V (to)
2. modal + have + PII
3. when you change direct speech to indirect speech, âcould, would, shouldâ and âmightâ
do not change form
4. use âmust have +PIIâ for past conclusion only
5. use âhad+infinitiveâ for past obligation
let
make
have
feel
admit ,appreciate,avoid ,cannot
help,consider ,deny ,enjoy ,
finish ,keep ,postpone ,practice ,stop,
be accustomed to,
be interested in ,be opposed to ,be
used to ,decide on ,
get through ,keep on ,look forward
to ,plan on ,put off
think about ,think of ,
+ Gerund
+ V
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hear
notice
observe
see
smell
watch
Modifiers â
like âonlyâ Adverbs likeâ only, just, nearly, hardly, almost, scarcelyâ come as close as
possible to the adjectives, verbs or other adverbs they modify Do not put an adverb
between âtoâ and âVâ
Right: We hope to inform him quickly
Wrong: We hope to quickly inform him
The subject of the main clause must be the same as the understood subject of the
introductory phrase.
Wrong: Running home from school, a dog bit me
Right: Running from home the school, I was bitten by a dog
Wrong: To understand the directions, they must be read carefully
Right: To understand the directions, one must read them carefully.
1. Adjective modify nouns (N) and pronouns
2. Adverbs modify verbs (V)
3. Adverbs also modify adjectives
4. Adverbs also modify other adverbs
Adverbs end in âly
adjective=adverb : LATE, FAST, HARD
+ V
or
+ Gerund
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When nouns are used as adjectives, they do not have plural or possessive form
Exception: The following nouns always end in âs, but are singular in number when they
used as names of courses or sciences
He is an economics teacher
BUT: The current economic situation is extremely uncertain
Nouns (N) are sometimes found as part of hyphenated or compound adjectives (adjectives
of more than one word joined by hyphens). THESE NOUNS ARE NEVER PLURAL.
few, fewer, fewest, many + plural count nouns
little, less, least, much + noncount nouns
1. ordinal numbers are used in the pattern
the + ordinal + noun (N)
2. cardinal numbers are used in the pattern
noun (N) + cardinal
a. donât use both â-erâ and âmoreâ
+ adjective *adverb
always use the
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b. be careful to use only âthanâ after a comparative structure
c. be careful to use the comparative for two items,
not three or more. For three or more use superlative Logic errors:
- do not compare two nouns that can not be compared
- do not compare a noun to itself
a. always use âtheâ in the superlative pattern
b. be careful not to use â-estâ and âmostâ in the same superlative
c. do not put âthanâ after the superlative
d. be careful to use the superlative for three or more items. Use the comparative for two
items
SO
a. so + adjective + that
b. so + adverb + that
c. so + many (few) + count noun + that
d. so + much (little) + non-count noun + that
SUCH
a. such + adjective + plural count noun + that
b. such + adjective + non-count noun + that
SO or SUCH
so + adjective + a + singular count noun + that
such + a + adjective + singular count noun + that
1. Be careful not to omit âaâ before a singular count noun
2. The pattern of cause-and-result is expressed by so/suchâthat. Do not use âtooâ or âasâ
NOT is an adverb that negates verb
NO is an adjective that indicates âthe absence of something. It modifies nouns.
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NONE is a pronoun, meaning not any or not one.
Use NONE when the noun it replaces has been mentioned already
Use ANY after negative words.
There are some words that have negative meanings even though they do not appear do
to
be negative :
hardly, scarcely, rarely,
seldom, without, only
USE ONLY ONE NEGATIVE WORD IN THE SENTENCE
Remember that âno longerâ is an idiomatic negative expression of time.
NEVER US âNOT LONGERâ
who, whom, which, that and whose are relative pronouns used to introduce relative
clauses
(adjective clauses)
1. WHO and WHOM are used for persons
2. WHICH is used for things
3. THAT can be used for persons and things
4. WHOSE is used to show possession. It can be followed by persons and things
1. Subject pronouns (I, you, he, she, is, we, they) are used in the subject position and
after
the verb to be
2. Object pronouns (me, you, him, her, it, us, them) are used as objects of verbs and
prepositions and as subjects of infinitives
NOTE:
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a. Pronouns in apposition are in the same case as the pronouns they follow
WRONG: Letâs, you and I, go dancing Friday night
RIGHT: Letâs, you and me, go dancing Friday night.
âusâ is the object to âletâ.
âyou and meâ must also be in the objective case b. Pronouns after the conjunctions âasâ
or âthanâ
should be subject pronouns when they function as subject
He is as tall as I (am tall)
c. The correct forms of the reflexive pronouns for âhimâ and âthemâ are âhimselfâ and
themselvesâ.
Not âhisselfâ and âtheirselfâ
WHO and WHOEVER are subject pronoun
WHOM and WHOMEVER are object pronouns
WHO (whoever) + Verb
WHOM (WHOMEVER) + subject + Verb Sometimes expressions like the following separate
who (whoever) or whom (whomever) from its own verb or subject and verb
He is a student who I believe can do the job
Use the possessive case with GERUND (V-ing used as a noun)
I resented their interrupting our conversations
PRONOUNS â FAULTY REFERENCE
The antecedent of a pronoun must be clearly understood
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As Bob got off the place, he waved to his father (âheâ clearly refers to âBobâ)
Do not carelessly change the person of a pronoun A student has to expect to work hard
when he
goes to college
NOTES:
a. a student, a person or one can use the following third-person singular pronouns
b. The possessive pronoun for âoneâ can be âoneâsâ or âhisâ, but never âonesâ
1. pronouns must agree in number with their antecedents
2. The following indefinite pronouns are singular and take singular pronouns
Each of the women took off her coat
3. When compound subjects are joined by âneitherânorâ or âeitherâorâ the pronoun will
agree with the subject nearer the verb
Neither my mother nor my sisters could lend
me their sewing machine
4. Some words appear to be plural but are actually singular.
The demonstrative pronoun THOSE can be
followed by a phrase or clause that modifies it
No one is allowed in the room except those who
have paid
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The personal pronouns THEY and THEM should
not be modified by a phrase or clause
Some verbs may be followed by two objects (an
indirect object and a direct object).
1.
2.
give
bring
send
offer
pass
take
tell
read
write
teach
sell
buy
fix
make
get
I.O. + D.O
D.O. + to + object
I.O. D.O
My father often gives me a gift
D.O. Obj.
My father often gives a gift to me
I.O. + D.O
D.O. + for + object
I.O. D.O
John usually buys Mary a gift
D.O. Obj.
John usually buys a gift for Mary
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3.
4.
1. The pattern for an embedded question in a statement or question :
QUESTION WORD + SUBJECT + VERB
QUESTION WORD/SUBJECT + VERB
WRONG: I cannot see what says the sign
RIGHT: I cannot see what the sign says
WRONG: Do you know who is he?
WRONG: Do you know who he is
FOR + noun phrase
TO + Verb Infinitive
1. Every sentence must have at least one independent clause. An independent clause
consist of at least one subject and one finite verb and is a complete thought.
2. Two independent clauses can be joined by AND, BUT, OR, NOR, OR, FOR
explain
announce
describe
deliver
mention
say
report
return
ask
cost
charge
only
D.O. + to + object
D.O Obj.
He explained his idea to us
only
I.O. + D.O
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A sentence may have one or more dependent clauses, each one or which must have its
own subject and finite verb. A dependent clause must be attached to an independent
clause. It is incomplete by itself. There are three kinds of dependent clauses: NOUN,
RELATIVE (ADJECTIVE) and ADVERB
A NOUN clause functions as a subject or an object. Each noun clause which has its own
subject and verb may be an embedded statement or an embedded question
1. Embedded statements are often introduced by âthatâ
That he was a criminal surprised me. (N.Cl. as Statement)
I know (that) he is from Canada (N.Cl. as Object)
2. Embedded questions are introduced by âWH- âquestions
A RELATIVE clause functions as an adjective/. Each relative clause, which has its own
subject and verb, is introduced by one of the following words WHO, WHOM, WHICH,
THAT, WHOSE
Note: WHOM and THAT when used as objects, are optional
An ADVERB clause functions as an adverb. Each adverb clause has its own subject and
verb. The
following is a list of common used words that introduce adverb clauses
Introductory adverb clauses are followed by a comma.
Notes:
a. Be sure that every dependent clause is attached to an independent clause
b. Remember that all clauses independent and dependent have their own subject and
finite verb
c. A finite verb is on that can be conjugated and shows tense, that is ends in âed, -s, etc.
A
gerund (V-ing) or and infinitive (to-V) is not a finite verb
d. Remember that two independent clauses are joined by coordinate conjunctions (AND,
BUTâ). They cannot be joined by a comma only
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1. In general, place adverbs (or adverbial phrases) after the verb or after the object, if
any. (Do not
separate the subject from the verb or the verb from its object
SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT + ADVERB (or ADV.PHRASE)
2. Some adverbs can come before a single-word verb or the main verb
3. Single-word adverbs of frequency usually come after the verb âto beâ and before a
single-word verb or the main verb
4. STILL comes before a single-word verb or the main verb in affirmative sentences and
before the
auxiliary in negative sentences
5. In general, the order of final adverbs is âplaceâ and then âtimeâ
1. The passive is preferred when the actor is unknown or unimportant
2. The passive voice is often used when discussing history
3. Use active voice when the actor is more important than the action
4. Avoid using active and passive in the same sentence if possible
5. Use one verb instead of two when possible
Items in a series must be parallel, that is, they must have the same grammatical form
Structure joined be AND, BUT, AS, OR, THAN or ALTHOUGH must have the same
grammatical form
WRONG: Taking the bus can be as costly as to take a plane
RIGHT: Taking the bus can be as costly as taking a plane
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A general rule in English might be that âshorter is betterâ. That is, when the same idea
can be
expressed directly in fewer words, choose the shorter version.
1. Avoid unnecessary passive constructions
2. Avoid unnecessary relative clauses where an
adjective, participle phrase, prepositional phrase or appositive is enough
The tall man bought the car
(Not: The man who is tall bought the car)
3. Be as direct as possible It was an important discovery
(Not: It was a discovery of great importance)
4. Avoid redundancy She returned on Monday
(Not: She returned back on Monday)
1. âainâtâ should not be used as negative form of âto beâ
2. âanywheres, nowheres, everywhere and somewheresâ are incorrect forms of
âanywhere, nowhere, everywhere, somewhereâ
3. âalrightâ is an incorrect form of â all rightâ
4. âkind of a â and âsort of aâ are incorrect forms of âkind ofâ and âsort ofâ
5. âmadâ should not be used to mean angry (Mad means insane, crazy)
6. âoff ofâ is an incorrect for of âoffâ
7. âsuspicionâ is a noun and cannot be used as a verb. The correct verb form is âsuspectâ
8. âThe reason is becauseâ is an incorrect form of âthe reason is thatâ
9. âis whereâ and âis whenâ are incorrect ways of defining the meaning of a word
10. âdifferent thanâ is an incorrect form of âdifferent fromâ
BETWEEN is used with two persons pr things
AMONG is used for three or more persons or things
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AMOUNT is used with non-count nouns
NUMBER is used with count nouns
IN is used with non-motion verbs
INTO is used with verbs of motion
He is waiting in the kitchen
He ran into the kitchen
SIT cannot take an object. Sit tells what a person or thing does for himself or by itself.
The principal
parts of sit are SIT, SAT, SAT, SITTING
SET must have an object. Set tells what a person does for someone or something else.
SET, SET,
SET, SETIING
LIE cannot take an object. Lie tells what a person or thing does for himself or by itself.
LIE, LAY,
LAIN, LYING
LAY must have an object. Lay, LAID, LAID LAYING
RISE cannot take an object. Ride tells what a person or thing does for himself or by
itself. RISE,
ROSE, RISEN, RISING
RAISE must have an object. Raise is what a person does for someone or something else.
RAISE, RAISED, RAISED, RAISING
CAN is modal verb which means ability
MAY is a modal verb which means permission 6
HANGED and HUNG are both correct past participle forms of the verb âHANGâ. But:
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HANGED refers to executions (killings) of the persons
HUNG refers to things
ACCEPT
EXCEPT
ADVISE
ADVICE
ALL READY
ALREADY
ALTOGETHER
ALL TOGETHER
BESIDES = EXCEPT
BESIDE = NEXT TO
CLOTH â is a noun that means âmaterialâ or âfabricâ
CLOTHES â is a plural count noun meaning
âgarments used to cover bodyâ
DESERT â dry area
DESSERT â sweet food
DIFFER FROM = to be dissimilar
DIFFER WITH = to disagree with
EMIGRATE = to leave oneâs country to live in
another
IMMIGRATE = to move to a new country
FARTHER = to or at a more distant point in space
FURTHER = to or at a more distant point in time,
degree or quantity
FORMALLY = in a formal way
FORMERLY = previously
HEALTHFUL = good for oneâs health
HEALTHY = in good condition of health
ILLUSION = false idea or unreal image
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ALLUSION = indirect reference
IMPLY = to suggest without stating directly
INFER = to make a conclusion based on evidence
note directly stated. Only a listener or reader can infer.
LOOSE = not tight
LOSE = to leave behind by accident, to cease having unintentionally
PRINCIPAL = chief, very important
PRINCIPLE = chief official
SO = is a conjunction joining a clause of result to a min clause
SO THAT = joins a clause of purpose to a main clause
STATIONARY = in a fixed position
STATIONERY = written supplies
both â and
either â or
neither â nor
not only â but also
whether â or
a. Do not use âbothâandâ for three or more
nouns or adjectives
b. âWHETHERâ may sometimes be used alone
Singular subjects take singular verbs. Plural
subjects take plural verbs.
1. Subjects are never found in prepositional phrases S Prep.Phr.
The price of all these items is twenty dollars
2. HERE and THERE are not subjects. Look after the verb to find the subject
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Here comes the bus
3. The subject also follows the verb in this pattern ADV â VERB â SUBJ
On the door was a wreath of flowers Around the corner are several shops
4. Expressions introduced with words such as âALONG WITH, BESIDES, LIKE, AS WELL
AS, INCLUDINGâ do not change the number of the subject
Mr Jones, along with his wife and six children, is going to Paris
5. When two subjects are joined by âEITHER .. ORâ or âNEITHERâNORâ, the subject closer
to the verb determines its number
Either my sisters or my mother is going to the wedding
6. Some words look plural but are singular. economics, physics, news, etc
7. The subject of a relative clause âWHO, WHICH or THATâ is singular or plural
depending on its antecedent
Bob is one of my friends who are helping me paint my house
The following verb plus preposition combinations
always appear as follows and must be learned Some other verb plus preposition
combinations take
two objects
together
agree on (smth)
agree with (smb)
approve of
arrive at (or in)
complain about
consent to
comment on
consist of
depend on
laugh at
object to
succeed in
+ Gerund
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compare â with (to) â
excuse â for â
prefer â to â
remind â of â
thank â for â
There are many adjective plus preposition combinations that occur with the verb âto beâ
be afraid of
be accustomed to
be aware of
be bored with
be certain of
be disappointed with
be familiar with
be famous for
be frightened by
be happy with
be in favor of
be interested in
be opposed to
be satisfied with
be surprised at (by)
be tired of
be worried about
Some prepositions exist in fixed phrases
according to
along with
as well as
because of
by means of
be way of
in addition to
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in case of
in consideration of
in contrast to (with)
in deference to
in hopes of
in lieu of
in pursuit of
in search of
in spite of
in the face of
in terms of
an + other + singular noun WITH COUNT NOUNS
the other + singular noun WITH NON-COUNT NOUNS
other + plural noun WITH COUNT NOUNS
other + non-count nouns WITH NON-COUNT NOUNS
the other + plural noun WITH COUNT NOUNS
the other + non-count nouns WITH NON-COUNT NOUNS
(all the rest)