2. INTRODUCTION
⢠Sunscreens are a constantly evolving
component of the dermatologist's therapeutic
armamentarium.
⢠Substances that alter UV-Radiation effects on
skin by absorption and / or reflection
5. UVA / LONGWAVE (320-400 nm)
â˘
Weak Erythrogenic Activity / Low Energy Waves
â˘
Primary TANNING component ; Tan is injury by ROS
to the Skin DNA; imperfect attempt to prevent
further DNA damage.
â˘
Penetrates deeper than UVB ; DERMIS
⢠Tanning, photoaging (Rhytides), PMLE, Seborrhiec
Keratosis
6. UVB / MEDIUMWAVE (290 -320 nm)
â˘
Erythrogenic activity is the highest; Most severe damage
â˘
Primary BURNING component
â˘
Sunburn, Vit D synthesis
â˘
Responsible for inducing skin cancer
⢠Direct impact on cell DNA and proteins
⢠Actinic Keratosis / SCC / BCC
7. UVC / SHORTWAVE (100-290 nm)
â˘
Absorbed near-totally by Stratospheric Ozone
â˘
Artificial Sources - Germicidal Lamps
â˘
? Global Warming
? CFCs ? Supersonic Transport
â˘
Protection depends on Latitude / Altitude / Time of
Day
8. SOLAR RADIATION
⢠94-95 % UV A
⢠03-05 % UV B
⢠Insignificant UV C
⢠Partial and Complete Attenuation of UV B and
C by Stratospheric Ozone
10. CLASSIFICATION
⢠The last FDA sunscreen monograph was issued in 1999, with a
list of 16 approved sunscreen agents.
⢠RE-CLASSIFY :
CHEMICAL ď ORGANIC
PHYSICAL ď INORGANIC
LOCAL (ORGANIC / INORGANIC)
SYSTEMIC
âCOSMETICSâ to âOTCâ by FDA in 1972
11. ORGANIC (CHEMICAL)
SUNSCREENS
⢠Organic UV filters are active ingredients that absorb
UV radiation within a particular range of
wavelengths, depending on their chemical
structure.
⢠Once the UV filter absorbs energy, it moves from a
low-energy ground state to a high-energy excited
state.
15. INORGANIC (PHYSICAL) SUNSCREENS
Zinc oxide
Titanium dioxide
Others - iron oxide, Petrolatum, kaolin, calamine,
Ichthammol (Aluminium Bituminosulfate), talc
Inorganic agents function by reflecting, scattering or UV
radiation (Opaque)
Their opaque nature and "whitening effect" are an inherent
disadvantage, which may be minimized by the use of
micronized or ultrafine particles.
16. SUNSCREEN PEELS
Jessnerâs Solution with resorcinol
⢠Resorcinol 14 g
⢠Salicylic acid 14 g
⢠Lactic acid (85%) 14 g
⢠Ethanol (sufficient quantity to make 100 mL)
20. SUNSCREEN INDICES
SUN-PROTECTION FACTOR (UV B)
M.E.D of photoprotected skin
M.E.D of unprotected skin
L/A 2mg / cm2 of product
Low: SPF 2 - 15
Medium: SPF 15 - 30
High: SPF 30 - 50
Highest: SPF >50
Austrian Franz Greiter (1962) âŚâŚ.. FDA (1978)
21. SIGNIFICANCE OF SPF
⢠SPF of 15 blocks about 93.3 % of UVB radiation, while
one with an SPF of 30 blocks about 96.7 % of UVB
radiation; SPF 50 98% blockage (Abs = 100- 100/SPF)
⢠This difference of 5% may make the difference between
an aesthetically pleasing sunscreen and an undesirable
one
⢠âWRâ (SPF maintained after 40-80 mins Immersion)
22. SPF in FITZPATRICK SCALE
Category Skin Type
SPF
I
Always burns, never tans
15 >
II
Burns easily
15
III
Burns moderately, (avg caucasian)
10-15
IV
Burns minimally, tans well (olive skinâ)
6-10
V
Rarely burns, tans profusely (brown skin)
4-6
VI
Never burns (black skin)
none
24. OTHER INDICES
⢠PERSISTENT PIGMENT DARKENING (PPD) COLIPA
⢠IMMUNE PROTECTION FACTOR (UV A)
⢠BOOTS STAR RATING (01-05)
<UK>
MINIMAL MELANOGENIC DOSE
(MMD)
25. APPLICATION
⢠All sun exposed areas (in a concentration of 2 mg/cm 2 ), and
allowed to dry completely 30 -45 mins before sun exposure. It
should be reapplied every 2 hours, and after swimming,
vigorous activity, excessive perspiration, or towel usage
TEASPOON RULE
3 mL (slightly more than half a teaspoon)
FACE / NECK / EACH ARM
6 mL (slightly more than a teaspoon)
CHEST / BACK / EACH LEG
27. RECENT TRENDS
⢠SUN-SPHERES
SunSpheres are Styrene/Acrylate copolymers that do not
absorb UV irradiation but enhance the effectiveness of the
active sunscreen ingredients.
⢠Scattering UVR ď Increased Contact with the active UV filters
in the sunscreen. SunSpheres are also available in a powder
form, and can boost SPF by 50 -70% making it possible to
reduce the concentration of active ingredients.
MICRO-ENCAPSULATION
Active Ingredients in Silica Shell ď Minimal allergic or
irritant reactions and incompatible sunscreen ingredients can
be safely combined, without loss of efficacy.
31. INDIAN FORMULATIONS
⢠SHADOWZ by Dr Reddy Labs
Octinoxate, Octisalate, Oxybenzone
SPF - 30
Pack â 100 ml
Formulation â Transparent gel
Colour â no colour / transparent
Feel â Non greasy
75 g bottle @ Rs 290/-