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COINs2011

Pattern Language 3.0
Methodological Advances in Sharing Design Knowledge




Takashi Iba
Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University
‣ Pattern language is written design knowledge in a certain
 domain.

     design knowledge = the knowledge of problem finding and
     problem solving

‣ A pattern language consists of patterns that describe
 what kind of problem frequently occurs in a certain
 context, and what is a good solution for the problem.

‣ It was invented as a tool for thinking and communicating
 about the design (in architecture).
Context
                                                                                                                                                Problem Finding
                                                                                                                                                                              Problem
                                design                                                                                                                                                   Problem Solving
                                                                                                                                                                              Solution




                                                                                                                                                                    “design knowledge”


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                                                                                                                           pattern language                                                                designer
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The method of pattern languages was originally proposed
in architecture in late 70’s.




                                           http://stephania32.wordpress.com/




                                        Christopher Alexander


           C. Alexander, S. Ishikawa, M. Silverstein,
           A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction,
           Oxford University Press, 1977
The method of pattern languages was applied into
software design in late 80’s




            http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/   http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
            File:Kent_Beck_no_Workshop_Mappin    File:Ward_Cunningham_at_Wikim
            g_XP.jpg                             ania_2006.jpg


                   Kent Beck                     Ward Cunningham



         Kent Beck & Ward Cunningham, “Using Pattern Languages
         for Object-Oriented Program”, OOPSLA '87, 1987
The method of pattern languages became famous
in software design, as design pattern in 90’s.

                     http://researchweb.watson.ibm.com/designpatterns/pubs/ddj-eip-
                     award.htm




                                                                           GoF
                                                                       (Gang of Four)


      Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John M. Vlissides,
      Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software,
      Addison-Wesley Professional, 1994
The method of pattern languages has been applied
into new areas of design in a broad sense.
Methodological Advances of Pattern Languages


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  I call a new wave of pattern language “Pattern Language 3.0” (PL3.0), distinguishing
  from the previous stages, which we call here Pattern Language 1.0 (PL1.0) and Pattern
  Language 2.0 (PL2.0). In order to understand the waves of pattern languages, the
  following three aspects are considered: the object of design which pattern languages
  help, why to make pattern languages, and how to make pattern languages.
Methodological Advances of Pattern Languages

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Pattern Language 3.0



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The object of design with the PL3.0 is form
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of human action and communication such           B34C'L*,"&#&%H'86;;,.6",(#6&H
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as learning, collaboration, facilitation, and
change agents. The PL3.0 is quite different
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from others, since the for object of design
is same to the subject of design only in the
PL3.0. There is a self-referential circulation
for designing, and accordingly the meta-
cognition for designing becomes more
important than before.
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Pattern Language 3.0


In the PL3.0, a pattern language was used
as a media for connecting people who              ;1?*&6*@%A'
have different experiences. In the case of         $%&&'()*+%),-%,'9
the Learning Patterns, the workshop are
held, where participants talk about their
experiences in the light of patterns each
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participants talk about their experience in
the light of patterns. Through the
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vocabulary and deeper understanding of
the patterns. Furthermore, the workshop
provides shared experience in using the
pattern language in their community, and
thus the participants become to have no
hesitation in talking their experience and
knowledge in their community.
Pattern Language 3.0
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                                                     Experience Mining and Dialogues
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              with other participants, using the vocabulary
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In the PL3.0, pattern languages are made
through collaborative mining, writing, and                  O           D':,((*"&

improvement; in this stage, all process is
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opened. Thus, the history of development
process of patterns is the history of
involving otherness.
Pattern Language 3.0
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                       Learning Patterns Project
                       Since 2008
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Pattern Language 3.0: Methodological Advances in Sharing Design Knowledge

  • 1. COINs2011 Pattern Language 3.0 Methodological Advances in Sharing Design Knowledge Takashi Iba Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University
  • 2. ‣ Pattern language is written design knowledge in a certain domain. design knowledge = the knowledge of problem finding and problem solving ‣ A pattern language consists of patterns that describe what kind of problem frequently occurs in a certain context, and what is a good solution for the problem. ‣ It was invented as a tool for thinking and communicating about the design (in architecture).
  • 3. Context Problem Finding Problem design Problem Solving Solution “design knowledge” !"#7 !"# !"#$%&' $"%&"'%()*+',')%'"%-./0%+&%1+'(%2".3%4"//.&+'2%5"3%6),3&)3*# 8".%(,9)%,63),:2%5".&:%'()%4,&:+:,')%4"//.&+'2%"5%6),3&)3*%3)6,'):%'"%2".3% +&')3)*'*# ()"%*+,%-./00%1)"2.3"0%45,.5,+%.5,%6)##"'/.7%/-%+,*007%-"/.*20,%3)+% 7)"8 pattern language designer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
  • 4. The method of pattern languages was originally proposed in architecture in late 70’s. http://stephania32.wordpress.com/ Christopher Alexander C. Alexander, S. Ishikawa, M. Silverstein, A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction, Oxford University Press, 1977
  • 5. The method of pattern languages was applied into software design in late 80’s http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Kent_Beck_no_Workshop_Mappin File:Ward_Cunningham_at_Wikim g_XP.jpg ania_2006.jpg Kent Beck Ward Cunningham Kent Beck & Ward Cunningham, “Using Pattern Languages for Object-Oriented Program”, OOPSLA '87, 1987
  • 6. The method of pattern languages became famous in software design, as design pattern in 90’s. http://researchweb.watson.ibm.com/designpatterns/pubs/ddj-eip- award.htm GoF (Gang of Four) Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John M. Vlissides, Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, Addison-Wesley Professional, 1994
  • 7. The method of pattern languages has been applied into new areas of design in a broad sense.
  • 8. Methodological Advances of Pattern Languages !"#$%&'(%&)*'%&1.../ !"#$%&'(%&)*'%&+,,./ !"##$%&'("&)*")$'/,- !"#$%&'(%&)*'%&+,0./ !"##$%&'("&)*")$'.,- !"#$%&'(%&)*'%&+,-./ !"##$%&'("&)*")$'+,- I call a new wave of pattern language “Pattern Language 3.0” (PL3.0), distinguishing from the previous stages, which we call here Pattern Language 1.0 (PL1.0) and Pattern Language 2.0 (PL2.0). In order to understand the waves of pattern languages, the following three aspects are considered: the object of design which pattern languages help, why to make pattern languages, and how to make pattern languages.
  • 9. Methodological Advances of Pattern Languages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
  • 10. Pattern Language 3.0 01'*234'5&*67*8'9:,) ;1:51*$%&&'()*+%),-%,'9*<'=> The object of design with the PL3.0 is form @6"A1'6>'<EA,&'D9(#6& of human action and communication such B34C'L*,"&#&%H'86;;,.6",(#6&H $%&&'()*+%),-%,' as learning, collaboration, facilitation, and change agents. The PL3.0 is quite different @,9#;#(,(#6&H'8),&%*'D%*&(1F from others, since the for object of design is same to the subject of design only in the PL3.0. There is a self-referential circulation for designing, and accordingly the meta- cognition for designing becomes more important than before.
  • 11. !"#$%&%'()#**"$%+(,((-()#**"$%(!#%'.#'"(/0$(1$"#*&2"(!"#$%&%'(32"$4(54657 #$%&%' .%&*&"+ Pattern Language 3.0 B* !"#$%&%' 01'*234'5&*67*8'9:,) ;1:51*$%&&'()*+%),-%,'9*<'=> &*#*&0% ' !"#$%&%' #'"(M2"$L(E#L @6"A1'6>'<EA,&'D9(#6& ' B34C'L*,"&#&%H'86;;,.6",(#6&H %),-%,' + @,9#;#(,(#6&H'8),&%*'D%*&(1F 5465 Q"$ $%&%' 2 "$4( ' ;"%*T( 0% 9P00*&%' V+IML"(8&"Q B*&0%+ P L(X#@/Q#L "++&0% (Y"S* !"#$%&%' M%B0.%*"$ #*&0% #BP&%' The tool for thinking and communicating 0% +&0% how to learn actively 8"$4(5465 9":*";<"$=(>5?? !"#$%&%'()#**"$%+()$0D"B* !"#$%%&'(")$(*+$*& ,-'".'&$%/0&")&$'(/(* 1$%%&'(2
  • 12. Pattern Language 3.0 In the PL3.0, a pattern language was used as a media for connecting people who ;1?*&6*@%A' have different experiences. In the case of $%&&'()*+%),-%,'9 the Learning Patterns, the workshop are held, where participants talk about their experiences in the light of patterns each other. The workshop is designed for that 86&&*9(#&%':*6-;*'/)6' participants talk about their experience in the light of patterns. Through the <,=*'0#>>*"*&('34-*"#*&9*1' workshop, participants acquire a new vocabulary and deeper understanding of the patterns. Furthermore, the workshop provides shared experience in using the pattern language in their community, and thus the participants become to have no hesitation in talking their experience and knowledge in their community.
  • 13. Pattern Language 3.0 ;1?*&6*@%A' $%&&'()*+%),-%,'9 Experience Mining and Dialogues 86&&*9(#&%':*6-;*'/)6' with a Pattern Language for Creative Learning <,=*'0#>>*"*&('34-*"#*&9*1' !"#$%&%'()#**"$%+(,((-()#**"$%(!#%'.#'"(/0$(1$"#*&2"(!"#$%&%'(32"$4(54657 5 E"+&'%(F0.$(!"#$%&%' ? G#C&%'(H::0$*.%&*&"+ > 1$"#*&2"()$0D"B* ^ H:"%I)$0B"++(!"#$%&%' _ J.;:(K% ` !"#$%&%'(<L(K;&*#*&0% a M//"B*&2"(-+C&%' b H.*:.*IE$&2"%(!"#$%&%' 6 N0$"&'%(!#%'.#'"(M2"$L(E#L c )@#L/.@(!"#$%&%' ?5 M;<0O&"O(9C&@@+ 5465 ?? !#%'.#'"(9P0Q"$ 2"$4( ?> R#%'&<@"()&@"+ ?^ R0$%#O0(0/(!"#$%&%' ?_ R$&#%'@"(9B#@&%' ?` 1P#&%(0/(MSB&*";"%*T( ?a RP&%C&%'(&%(-B*&0% ?b )$0*0*L:&%' ?6 N&"@O(E&2&%' ?c G.@*&I1#;"$#(9P00*&%' >5 -(U&$OV+I(W(U.'V+IML"(8&"Q >? X&OO"%(10%%"B*&0%+ >> N$0%*&"$(N&%O"$ >^ 1$"#*&2"(9Q&*BP >_ N$.&*(N#$;&%' Talking about your experiences of learning >` K%&*&#@(E$#/*(H%@L(X#@/Q#L >a -**$#B*&2"(MS:$"++&0% >b -BB"@"$#*&0%(*0(Y"S* >6 10;;.%&*L(0/(!"#$%&%' >c Z00O([&2#@+ with other participants, using the vocabulary ^5 10%+"."%*&#@(M%B0.%*"$ ^? N&$;(E"*"$;&%#*&0% ^> R#@C&%'(RP&%C"$ ^^ !"#$%&%'(<L(R"#BP&%' ^_ H<2&0.+(["#+0% 1$%%&'(2 ^` [&'P*(]#L ^a U$#2"(1P#%'" !"#$%%&'(")$(*+$*& provided in the Learning Patterns. ^b MS:@0$"$V+()#++&0% ^6 ^c 9"@/I)$0O.B&%' U"(MS*$";"T 8"$4(5465 9":*";<"$=(>5?? ,-'".'&$%/0&")&$'(/(* !"#$%&%'()#**"$%+()$0D"B* @"#$%&%':#**"$%+A+/B4C"&04#B4D:
  • 14. Pattern Language 3.0 <6B*&6*@%A' $%&&'()*+%),-%,'9 86;;,.6",(#=*'M#&#&%H' N"#(#&%H',&$'IA-"6=*A*&( In the PL3.0, pattern languages are made through collaborative mining, writing, and O D':,((*"& improvement; in this stage, all process is L,&%E,%* opened. Thus, the history of development process of patterns is the history of involving otherness.
  • 15. Pattern Language 3.0 <6B*&6*@%A' $%&&'()*+%),-%,'9 86;;,.6",(#=*'M#&#&%H' N"#(#&%H',&$'IA-"6=*A*&( O D':,((*"& L,&%E,%* Learning Patterns Project Since 2008
  • 16. Methodological Advances of Pattern Languages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